Wokhetho lobumengameli eRussia: Eminyakeni, abazobhapathizwa, imiphumela

Ukuba ifomu laMengameli uhulumeni ezweni lethu akuzange inqubo elula, kwenzeka esanda kutholakala. Okokuqala, iRussia waba namandla monarchical, eyayiholwa inkosi, namandla kwaba sitholwa njengefa. Ngemva utho lwesikhala, amandla in the state, okuthiwa i-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), wadutshulwa ngemvula okungewakho leQembu LamaKhomanisi. INhloko State baba uNobhala Jikelele.

Lesi sikhundla waqhubeka kwaze kwaba eza emandleni Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva, ngubani yethulwa kuleli okuthunyelwe isimo umongameli zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Waba kokubili umongameli wokuqala futhi lokugcina kuleli zwe. Esikhathini esizayo, isikhundla inhloko yezwe ukuthi kunqunywa ukhetho. Unyaka Russia, ababa nesandla futhi imiphumela ivoti - isihloko lesi sihloko.

Elokuqala Russian the ngokhetho

Ukhetho lokuqala kakhulu kamongameli yayiqhutshelwa ngo-June 1991, ngenxa lapho isikhundla esiphakeme, uBoris Yeltsin wakhethwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi Russia kwaba kweSoviet Union futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi RSFSR. UMikhail Gorbachev okhethweni akazange iqhaza. wokhetho lobumengameli kwahlelwa ngokuvumelana imiphumela inhlolovo labetibambile ngoMashi walowo nyaka.

ukhetho KaMongameli zaziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Boris Yeltsin iwine ngemajini kusukela nabanye ababezobhapathizwa, phakathi kwabo uVladimir Zhirinovsky, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Aman Tuleyev, Albert Makashov, futhi Vadim Bakatin. Konke lokhu izibalo Ushiye a mkhondo ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe ngezindlela ezingafani. Ngokwesibonelo, Zhirinovsky ngo-1993 wafika State Duma eliholwa iqembu lakhe - Liberal Democratic Party - futhi uselokhu khona kuze kube yilolu suku. Ryzhkov sigameko kuphinde abaqokelwe Duma State, futhi ebe umbusi Tuleyev, eKemerovo esifundeni.

Ukhetho lwesobumengameli 1996

Ngakusasa wokhetho lobumengameli aphethwe emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokhetho lokuqala sisenkonzweni, umholi wezwe. yi Babephokophele kabusha ukhetho Borisa Eltsina.

Namuhla, abaningi bephikisana ngokuthi ngabe lolukhetho uthembekile, ukuthi ikhona yini ukukhwabanisa falsification. Iqiniso ukuthi isilinganiso umengameli eyisibopho uphansi impela cishe 3-6 angu isikhathi ngo-1995. Futhi kulo nyaka, ukhetho lwenziwe kule Duma State, futhi amavoti amaningi won Communist Party (KPRF) eliholwa Zyuganov. Kulindeleke ukuthi wayeyoba Intandokazi 1996 uhlanga kamongameli konyaka. Ngo emzuliswaneni wokuqala ukukhethwa 11 ukhetho wathola ngokugcwele izinto ezimbili eziwusizo - Gennady Zyuganov futhi Boris Eltsin. Ngenxa yalokho, wamiswa round yesibili, lapho Yeltsin abe ngumengameli waseRussia.

Phakathi abasekeli umbono lamaKhomanisi kukhona bezibona ukuthi ukhetho zikhishwe, kodwa ukunqoba yangempela yayingewona Zyuganov, owenqaba ukukhulula ama "ukulwa kuze kube sekupheleni."

Ngo-1999, ngesikhathi ukubingelela kaNcibijane Boris Yeltsin wamemezela ilizwe ukuthi ngokuzithandela iphumula. IBamba owamiswa uVladimir Putin.

wokhetho lobumengameli ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka: 2000

Umphumela Zuma we Yeltsin waqala ukhetho ekuseni kamongameli labetibambile ekupheleni Mashi 2000. Ngesikhathi kuqale umkhankaso wokhetho, 33 izicelo athunyelwa, zazo 28 abaphakanyisiwe amaqembu isinyathelo izakhamuzi, kanye asele emihlanu - amaqembu izinhlangano zezombusazwe, abaholi. UVladimir Putin iye liqokwe iqembu lezombusazwe akuyena umuntu, kodwa egameni iqembu isinyathelo. Ngemva kwalokho, laba ababa nengxenye engu-12 - bonke abanye abazange bhalisiwe ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa abantu 11 kuphela abamba iqhaza okhethweni. Ngaphambi nje kosuku lokuvota, omunye abazobhapathizwa ngesula uhlanga.

I ngokhetho ka 2000 zokunqoba Vladimiru Putinu. indawo Okwesibili waya Gennady Zyuganov, umholi wamaKhomanisi.

Ukhetho 2004

Ngemva isikhathi esiyiminyaka emine-uqale entsha emkhankasweni for the ngokhetho. Phakathi no-March 2004 wokhetho lobumengameli yayiqhutshelwa khona. Eqinisweni abazobhapathizwa akazange avete iyiphi mncintiswano sína okulesi Vladimira Putina ikhanda yezwe, owamsiza ukuthi aphinde aqokelwe ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulesi sikhathi, Iqembu lamaKhomanisi, iphakamise UNikolai Kharitonov esikhundleni ongashintshi Gennady Zyuganov. Ngendlela efanayo, futhi Liberal Democratic Party wathola - esikhundleni uVladimir Zhirinovsky Okhethweni Oleg Malyshkin. Kwakukhona ukhetho ezifana Irina Khakamada, uSergei Mironov futhi Sergei Glazyev.

Ukhetho 2008. Umongameli omusha

NgokoMthethosisekelo isiRashiya, umongameli akanalo ilungelo ukusebenzisa ihlandla lesithathu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu Eqinisweni, waxoxa umbono ukuthi emphakathini, ngubani umfundi ukuba 'owalandela "uVladimir Putin. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa babecabanga ukuthi "ozobhapathizwa Putin" kuyoba Sergei Ivanov, uDmitry Medvedev, kodwa ke sibalo uvele kwezepolitiki. Wayelethwa eliphakanyiswe "United Russia" iqembu lezombusazwe. Ngaphandle kwakhe, kwaba khona abangu-LamaKhomanisi Gennady Zyuganov, uVladimir Zhirinovsky we the Liberal Democratic Party kanye Andrei Bogdanov - ummeleli Democratic Party yase Russia, kodwa okwathi ran njengoba self-bagqugquzela. Ngakho, ngokhetho kwakuyilawa amagama amane kuphela.

Ekuqaleni Mashi, inombolo 2, aphethwe ngokhetho. Imiphumela nkomoni - ekunqobeni protege Putin sika, uDmitry Medvedev. indawo Okwesibili waya Zyuganov, eyesithathu - Zhirinovsky, ngokulandelana, lo somabhizinisi wazibonakalisa Bogdanov.

ethemini uVladimir Putin sika

Ngakusasa wokhetho lobumengameli eRussia yayiqhutshelwa Mashi 2012. UVladimir Putin, esabangela ebhodini ngesikhathi Medvedev ekuyi undunankulu, wanquma iqhaza nabo. Ulandela umbhalo soMthethosisekelo iye ngokuhunyushwa othi umongameli ayikwazi akhethwe ngokuya amahlandla angaphezu kwamabili alandelanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona umbono emva likaMengameli isikhathi Medvedev ekuyi yesithathu kuvela hhayi "ukunqophisa imitjhapho 'futhi buthule uVladimir Putin yamemezela candidacy yakhe ukhetho. Ngaphandle kwakhe, kwaba khona abangu-ukhetho ezine - Zyuganov, Zhirinovsky, Mironov futhi Mikhail Prokhorov, okhethwe ngokuzilimaza lokuqoka. Umphumela waba ukunqoba Putin, oyiphini likaMengameli wezwe namuhla.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eziningi abaqavile emphakathini futhi kwezombusazwe bayakuvuma okhethweni njengoba ezingekho emthethweni, ezihlanganisa ngoba iqhaza Putin, oye waba nguMengameli kabili. Ngobusuku obandulela kunikezelwa, ku 6 Meyi eMoscow labetibambile rally bekhalaza lakhula laba nezibhelu. Nokho, ayikho imiphumela ayivunyelwe, ngaphezu wokubopha bebhadla ejele amalungu.

ngeke okhethweni olulandelayo Nini?

Ngo-2008, i-mthetho, owawuthi term ihhovisi likamengameli ayizange 4 iminyaka, futhi kakhulu ngendlela 6 ubudala. Ngenxa yalokho, olandelayo wokhetho lobumengameli eRussia kuyokwenzeka kuphela 2018. Kuleli qophelo akwaziwa abayoba nje iqhaza nabo. Will uVladimir Putin ukusebenzisa isikhathi "lesibili", ngabe Communist Party ne-Liberal Democratic Party okhethwe umholi walo, noma khetha ukhetho entsha - imibuzo Awunayo okwamanje izimpendulo.