Umbuso kobushiqela: kohlobo zesikhashana noma mkhuba unomphela?

Ngokwesiko, futhi wezifundo zezombusazwe kanye nesayensi ihlukaniswe yaba ezintathu isimo Imibuso: live lentsandvo yelinyenti, kwemibuso yobushiqela kanye kobushiqela. Lesi sakamuva ithatha isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi ezimbili zokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inguquko, kodwa abacwaningi kakhulu izinhlanzi zivame ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa khona ezimele. Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu?

Ngokusekelwe yokuthi ngayo ukunikezwa ukufunda isimo yesimanje, singasho okulandelayo: umbuso kobushiqela - indlela ekhethekile ekusebenziseni amandla kuleli zwe, lapho bonke nokuligcwalisile bagxila ezandleni umuntu othile.

definition Kwethulwa ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi ukugxekwa. Abanye abahlaziyi bezombusazwe isiphakamiso ukungeza lokho okuye kwashiwo, inkulumo ethi "noma inkampani." isikhundla sabo, ebachazela yokuthi umbuso kobushiqela iqoqo izindlela non-yeningi nezindlela kwamandla kuleli zwe. Ngakho, kulesi mkhuba kungenziwa luvulwe futhi wobushiqela, futhi kobushiqela Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi ezahlukeneyo okwedlulele authoritarianism. Kodwa lesi simangalo phikisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo ingxabano enjalo enze izici ezithile ukuthi ukuhlukanisa imodi ogunyaziwe.

Izimpawu ke zimi kanje:

1. Lunqume ukuthi amandla isimo wenziwa ngokuvumelana nentando nomuntu ngamunye. Njengoba wazi, ngaphansi wobushiqela noma kobushiqela amalungelo anjalo enza inhlangano namalungu aso.
2. I ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla isimiso uzwakalise ngegama, iziphathimandla amagatsha, njengoba umthetho, eyethulwe abantu babemiswe "umholi."
3. amandla Legislative kuyinto empeleni kuncike elibusayo. Leso simo kungenziwa kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphakama belinani abameleli isishayamthetho enozwelo umbusi party.
4. amandla sokwahlulela siwukubuthela zomthetho kodwa hhayi esisemthethweni.
5. Suffrage, kokubili yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo, kwenzelwe nje zokuhlobisa.
6. State ukulawula indlela libhekene ukuphoqelelwa zokuphatha nomthethonqubo.
7. Imingcele kuyinto 'soft' ubunjalo izakhamuzi nokulondoloza ilungelo ukuba baveze imibono yabo.
8. Isilinganiso "isimo - umuntu" has uhlamvu kwakuwukuthi ukuze yesibili kuqala.
9. Umbuso kobushiqela Kusekelwe isimemezelo esisemthethweni amalungelo abantu kanye / noma isakhamuzi.
10. Abezomthetho angaphansi kuphela tinhloso umholi wezombangazwe.

Njengoba singabona, izici emelelwa njani umbuso kobushiqela njengendlela mkhuba oda esikabili. Izimpawu kanye yeningi (okungenani), kanye kobushiqela (ngaphezulu) zikhona into iphenywe. Futhi indlela ngamunye sivezwe incike isiqondiso ushintsho komunye umbuso kwesinye isifunda.

Kukhona isimo lapho kusungulwa i umbuso kobushiqela Kubalulekile. Njengomthetho, esimweni esinjalo kuphela uma eziphuthumayo, phakathi okungabandakanya: yemvelo eside uhlobo izinhlekelele, izinhlekelele ezibangelwa babantu, futhi impi. Kulokhu, inhloko akhethwe ngokusemthethweni zombuso kufanele ukutshala amandla okuphatha, ezinye izici zomthetho zokwahlulela. Yayichaza zonke lesi sidingo ukuphendula ngokushesha ukuze izingcingo eziphuthumayo.

Noma kunjalo, lezi zibonelo kuhluke isikhathi esilinganiselwe, ngemva kwalokho kufanele kube ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba uhlobo pre-ekhona yokubusa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuba abuyele kuleli nezindaba zikhonjwe ekuqaleni, singasho ukuthi umbuso kobushiqela uvezwa amafomu amabili: yesikhashana (uma kudingeka izimo umgomo) futhi unomphela (lapho umholi wafika ukuphathwa kwenza izinyathelo ezingenhla ngamabomu). Yingakho impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo hhayi kungaba.