Inhliziyo ka izinyoni: netimphawu sokuhamba kwegazi

Izinyoni - qembu elihlukile gomoyoternyh eziphilayo abaphila lihlotshaniswa ikhono, efana flying. Kungenzeka ngaphansi isimo kanzima imisipha umsebenzi sternum futhi forelimbs - amaphiko. Le nqubo, esikhundleni salokho, ihlinzeka ukulokhu myocyte mpilo nezakhi, ikakhulukazi i-glucose.

Igazi - kuyinto into ethuthela kubo emhlabeni umzimba futhi ukuhamba kwayo kuncike umsebenzi kakhulu inhliziyo - futha, uketshezi akhishwa izicubu ngokuzikhandla zezinzwa. Ukudluliswa oxyhemoglobin organic izinto inikeza kwegazi uhlelo izinyoni. Inhliziyo - isitho main ukuthi ukhiphela igazi. Ikakhulukazi lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti kuzosuswa okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Izici sokuhamba kwegazi

umzimba okukhulu izinyoni kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala - high blood pressure, kubangela ukugeleza kwegazi esikhulu ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo ngisho. Esesibili - ngqo supply igazi emaphashini. Inhliziyo izinyoni isikwele, ingxenye kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kungukuthi kubika (kukhona ukwahlukanisa ephelele), ngakho igazi akusho uhlanganise: ohlangothini lwesobunxele ezihambayo ophakeme, futhi ilungelo - emithambo yegazi. On exchange of izinto ezithinta izinyoni leso sici, ukuze akwazi ukudlula izinso akuzona lwemithambo kuphela (njengoba ku ezincelisayo), kodwa futhi phezu ingosi emithambo yegazi isitsha esimisweni segazi ukuze metabolites uketshezi kubo esikhundleni urea kwakhiwa uric acid. Okulandelayo: egazi - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - the abameleli besigaba Aves kuyizinto eziyinhloko, okwandisa nempilo kulezi cells. Kusukela i-ventricle engakwesobunxele wenhliziyo kufika enkulu lwemithambo isitsha - elikuyi-aorta. It has arc kwesokudla, bifurcation okuholela ukwakheka kwesokunxele nakwesokudla Umthambo innominate, okunikeza ikhanda kanye amaphiko izinyoni izakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo.

inhliziyo nokwakheka

Njengoba isitho eziyize kwemisipha, itholakala ohlangothini kwesokudla esifubeni embozwe pericardium - the pericardium. Eme phambi kwaleso sternum inhliziyo izinyoni kancane imbozwe ezengeziwe izitho zokuphefumula - emoyeni sacs. It has ukuma Isigaxa, ichopho okuyinto usesikhundleni isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi isisu kwesibindi.

Kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezingu-inyoni, inhliziyo ukuma zingabi kruglokonicheskoy ukuba ellipsoidal yobude. Lokhu isitho kwegazi siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: elingaphandle - serous (epicardium), eliphakathi (myocardium) futhi kwangaphakathi (endocardial). Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - ulwelwesi phakathi, okuyinto incike isakhiwo womsebenzi nangaphezulu nekusebenta inhliziyo.

myocardium

Siqukethe striated imisipha ukwakheka kwezicubu ekhethekile esihlukanisa inhliziyo izinyoni kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zangaphakathi, equkethe imisipha bushelelezi kuphela. cardiomyocytes inboard inikeza amandla futhi ngokulinganayo ihambisa umthwalo ngesikhathi ukunciphisa. Esinye isici esibalulekile imisipha yenhliziyo - kutimela emakamelweni systole futhi diastole: Atria futhi ventricles. amaseli esivimba amanzi okwakuthandelene, ngakho ezinzwa amaza imbuthuma umbani cardiomyocytes, futhi lonke igobolondo encishisiwe kweso.

emakamelweni inhliziyo

Atria ezimbili - kwesobunxele futhi ilungelo, kanye ventricles ezimbili babe izici eziningana ezihlobene ne-anatomy we myocardium. nodonga lwawo Sinemandla futsi mkhulu engxenyeni kwesokunxele inhliziyo, ngenxa ventricular wakhe lwemithambo yegazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu uyakhishwa ku le-aorta bese ingena kwegazi. Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni igazi njalo ezihambayo kwelinye direction: kusukela Atria kuya ventricles bese kusuka kwesokudla Umthambo yamaphaphu, futhi kusukela kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta. Emngceleni okwakuphakathi kwamakamelo zitholakala atrioventralnye valve, ehlanganisa ezicutshini: muscle membranous. Abavumeli igazi ukubuyela ingxenye ventricle kuya ATRIUM. Inhliziyo izinyoni, isakhiwo emagumbini ayo valve incike iqembu elifanelana nalo ehlelekile.

Ngo neognathae (lezi zinyoni), ngaphambili kwesokunxele bese emithanjeni kwesokudla futhi bakhulise ezingenalutho phakathi ATRIUM kwesokudla ngokuzimela futhi drevnenebnyh emithanjeni eziyize uhlangane ukwakha sine. Phakathi kwakhe ATRIUM kwesokudla, valve ezimbili kwemisipha kwakhiwa. Iqembu lokuqala yakhiwa umndeni yezinyoni Columbiformes, Anseriformes, vorobinyh, Iziqophamithi nabanye. Iqembu lesibili siqukethe casuariiformes, kiviobraznye, nanduobraznye namanje ngokuthi bezkilevymi izinyoni (ukundiza).

ukuzungeza

Njengoba sishilo, inhliziyo-izinyoni ezine. isakhiwo sayo kubangela amabili ukuzungeza. Small Circle (yamaphaphu) iqala i-ventricle yangakwesokudla futhi iphela ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele. Isiyingi esikhulu iqala i-ventricle engakwesobunxele. Kusukela kwesokudla lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta imithambo azikhandle ukuletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi emangqamuzaneni zonke kwezitho nezicubu izinkukhu. igazi emithambo yegazi is eqoqwe cava vena, okuyinto afakiwe nase-ATRIUM kwesokudla, lokhu sekuphelile kwegazi.

I ngokucacile womsebenzi inhliziyo

Ukutadisha kuyingxenye eyinhloko isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi - inhliziyo inyoni, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi ikhamera - kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu umzimba has a ngokwanele ezinkulu value nesisindo isihlobo ukuba isisindo emzimbeni. Ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni ezifana bullfinches, iqhude, amadada mayelana 1 - 1.3% ngesisindo, nezinhlobo ngesivinini kanye maneuverability indiza - 2%.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni ezidla inyama - White-tailed Eagle, Falcon - Inkomba inhliziyo imayelana 1.8%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni babe nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo kokushaya kwenhliziyo amabanga kusukela ngomzuzu 200 kuya kwangu-600, futhi ngesikhathi indiza ifinyelela 1200 inhliziyo amabhithi.

Kuleli phephandaba, siye waphendula umbuzo, onjani wenhliziyo izinyoni, watadisha izici myocardium futhi elichaza ngqo yomsebenzi wabo senhliziyo.