Bird - isilwane noma cha? ekilasini Izinyoni

Omunye kungaba ngokuvamile ukuzwa lo mbuzo: izinyoni - ziyizilwane noma cha? Ngemva kokubukeza zonke izici isakhiwo nekusebenta lesi sigaba, ungaqiniseka ukuwuphendula.

izici Jikelele

Class Izinyoni kuhlanganisa 9,000 zilwane, kuhlangene ku superorders ezilandelayo: ratites, noma egijima (izintshe, kiwi), ama-penguin noma elintantayo (Penguin eyayinayo spectacled, Magellan, Galapagos, onesiqhova, nabanye), keel, noma flying (izinkukhu, amajuba, ondlunkulu , iqhude kanye nabanye).

Birds isakhiwo ezifana nalezo ezihuquzelayo nokujamela legatsha lesichubekako, okuyinto wakwazi ukuzivumelanisa indiza. imilenze yazo phambi ngokuhamba kwemvelo siguqulelwa amaphiko. Bird elinesimo lokushisa emzimbeni njalo, nobuntu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ephakeme, ngakho-ke, izinyoni - izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Lona impendulo kuqala yombuzo "Bird -? Isilwane noma cha".

Umsuka izinyoni kudingeka ukuba ezihuquzelayo lasendulo pseudosuchian nge isakhiwo ezifanayo nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi.

Umzimba kanye isikhumba

umzimba izinyoni has umumo ovikelekile nge ikhanda elincane nentamo mobile eside. Isiqu sawo siphela umsila.

Isikhumba mncane, omile futhi cishe elingenalo nezindlala. Yodwa a ngcosana izinyoni (Waterfowl) une-ndlala uwoyela, ukhiqiza imfihlo amafutha-like ngamanzi-oxosha izakhiwo. kumiswa Horny (derivatives epidermis) abangu camera uqhwaku izimpiko ishq iminwe bese ugcwalisa ipayipi (umlenze engezansi). Izimpaphe nazo ethathwe isikhumba. Basuke ngamaqembu amabili: ukunquma nentaba phansi. Contoured, zona kumphambukisa (control indiza), Makhov (nokugcina inyoni emoyeni) futhi opaque (esisogwini phezulu umzimba). Ngaphansi uhlaka ziyawa izimpaphe. Asiza silondoloze ukushisa komzimba. Phakathi molting izimpaphe amadala fall out ngokuphelele futhi abasha zikhule endaweni yawo.

Skeleton futhi uhlelo kwemisipha

Ngo izinyoni skeleton uyisidudla ikakhulukazi futhi kulula ngenxa ithambo ingaphakathi nomoya. It siqukethe le izigaba ezilandelayo: i-wesibeletho thoracic, lumbar futhi sacral futhi caudal. Kakhulu kuba ezithathekayo nomgogodla wesibeletho ngenxa sebuningini amathambo. Amathambo thoracic tho izimbambo ngokuqinile bear movably exhunywe kwi-sternum futhi ubambo yezinyoni ugesi. Ukuze okunamathiselwe imisipha, okubangela amaphiko iragela phambili, phezu sternum kukhona kwelivi - the keel. Ngenxa yalokho Fusion we lumbar futhi amathambo sacral futhi caudal kancane phakathi kwakhe ne-ngamathambo okhalo kwakhiwa sacrum ukukhonza ezingemuva imilenze ukwesekwa.

Uhlelo kwemisipha is kahle ithuthukiswe izinyoni. Kuye ikhono fly ukuthuthukiswa ethile ifinyelela umnyango othile. Ngo izinyoni ezindiza kahle, ithuthukiswe imisipha ukuthi ukuhambisa amaphiko kahle, futhi labo abaye balahlekelwa leli khono - imisipha nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi nentamo.

Wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo excretory

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene libhekene ukungabi amazinyo. Okubamba nokwenza ebambe ukudla esetshenziswa ngoqhwaku Horny ihlanganisa emhlathini. ukudla Oral ingena emphinjeni, futhi ngemva kwaso - a emphinjeni eside, okuyinto has a ephaketheni-ukukhulisa (goiter) ukuthambisa ke. Ukuphela ezingemuva emphinjeni kuvula zingene esiswini, okuyinto ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, i-yezindlala kanye kwemisipha (lapho ukudla sihamba ukugaya mechanical). Ithumbu siqukethe duodenum, lapho Amapayipi kwesibindi, kanye amanyikwe, kanye ingemuva mncane futhi okufutshane, ophela cesspool. isakhiwo esinjalo sikhuthaza ukususwa okusheshayo asalile undigested olubonakalayo.

Izitho ukukhethwa izinyoni zibhangqwe nezinso ureters, okuyinto ukuvula phakathi cloaca. Kusukela umchamo wakhe nge indle kukhishelwa ngaphandle.

umgudu wokuphefumula

izinyoni zokuphefumula Ubuningi bamahora aguqulelwe indiza. Through the air acinene umgodi okungena pharynx kanye kuqhoqhoqho, okuyinto esifubeni sehlukaniswe bronchi ezimbili. Nangu ibhokisi izwi. Uma emaphashini, egatsheni bronchi ngokunamandla. Emaphashini ngokwabo akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi aqukethe eziningi ngokusebenzisa-amashubhu. Abanye babo uyanda, ukwakha umoya emaphaketheni, ukuthi akuphi phakathi kwezitho zangaphakathi, imisipha, futhi amathambo eside. Izinyoni bathambekele kabili umoya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku-indiza emoyeni sihamba kabili ukudlula emaphashini: i oncelayo e unhlangothi zamaphiko alo futhi ukhiphe ngesikhathi ukwehlisa ngenxa yokucinana bezikhwama.

isimiso sezinzwa

Inhlangano isimiso sezinzwa e zinyoni ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi esifana nesika-ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ephakeme. Lokhu waphinda kunikeza impendulo ngoyebo umbuzo "Bird -? Isilwane noma cha" Uhlelo siqukethe ukwahlukana amabili: asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Esigabeni ikhanda iyakhiwa kahle cerebellum unesibopho nokudidiyela ukunyakaza, kanye phambi nenkabazwe futhi ubuchopho obuphakathi, obhekene ukuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Emgogodleni is kakhulu ithuthukiswe ehlombe, lumbar futhi sacral, esinikela ezinhle motor imisebenzi. Lezi zici futhi asinikeza impendulo ecacile ngoyebo umbuzo "Bird -? Isilwane noma cha"

Ukuziphatha izinyoni kusekelwe olungenamkhawulo (azalwa naso) ikhaliphe: umsoco, imifanekiso, yokwakha isidleke, amaqanda kubekwa, nothile, ukucula. Ngokungafani ekilasini ezihuquzelayo zingase zimiswe futhi kuvikelwe okunemibandela (kuzuze besekhona) ingqondo, okuyinto kufakazela ukuthi isigaba sabo eliphakeme yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Esinye isibonelo ikhaliphe moya bangaba Eqinisweni Ukudambisa zabo eziphumelelayo zokuqhuba ibhizinisi yomuntu. Kukholakala ukuthi inyoni - ezifuywayo ukuthi kulula ukuba ngihlele kabusha indlela yabo indlela yokuphila kusukela zasendle (zemvelo) ezifana kwamasiko (ekhaya).

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Ngemizimba isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi kwezinyoni, njenge ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo kakhulu ephakeme, emelelwe emine chambered inhliziyo ehlanganisa atrial (2) kanye ventricles (2), kanye imithambo yegazi. Igazi labo lihlukaniswe ngokuphelele phakathi pooling eyeqile ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. It uyagijima amabili ukuzungeza (ezincane nezinkulu).

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Izinyoni - izilwane dioecious nge kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi athuthukile kakhulu ka kokuzalela ukuziphatha, ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi usebenzisa amaqanda ayilime, ayigcine.

Konke okungenhla -end Ukucaciswa anikeze impendulo esiqondile yombuzo "Bird - isilwane noma cha?" Yiqiniso, izinyoni ziyizilwane.