Four-chambered Enhliziyweni yabo okukhona izindlela izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo: izibonelo

Iplanethi yethu ezinabantu abaningi izilwane amakilasi ezahlukene, amaqembu nezinhlobo. Ososayensi basafunda isakhiwo sabo futhi ukubaluleka obusebenzayo kwezitho ngabanye. Mayelana anjani inhliziyo kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

Njengoba inhliziyo kwamakamelo ezintathu isibe isikwele?

Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ichweba ngenxa yokuthi kwezimila yabo yamaphaphu basungula uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi uqale kabusha. Fish, ukuphefumula nge gills, abe nombuthano wawo kwegazi, inhliziyo zabo yakhiwa amakhamera amabili kuphela. Ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala ezweni.

Amathathu- noma amane chambered Enhliziyweni yabo okukhona izindlela ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo eliwumhlaba. Basuke izimpawu khona ababili kwegazi. Indawo yabo unomphela - umhlaba. Umzimba nge emakamelweni amathathu ayizinsuku kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Nakuba kwezinye zilwane ezihuquzelayo kukhona akuphelele division yayo yaba izingxenye ezine. Ukuthuthukiswa inhliziyo emine chambered e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo senzeka ngo okufanayo ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezingwenya.

Awezinyoka nezilwane eziphila ezweni

ezimbili La makilasi kwezilwane etholakalayo emathangeni ezimbili kwegazi igazi inhliziyo, ehlanganisa emakamelweni ezintathu. omunye silwane kuphela has a onesici, kodwa likwazi ezine emakamelweni, inhliziyo. Lokhu ingwenya. isitho Okugcwele inhliziyo siqala ezincelisayo lasekuqaleni. Esikhathini esizayo, inhliziyo nge isakhiwo ngofuzo wozalo luka-izibankwakazi - izinyoni. It is ngofuzo nezilwane ezincelisayo yesimanje.

izinyoni

Ingabe emine chambered izinyoni inhliziyo. Izinyoni kuhluke ngokuphelele dissociation kwegazi: ezinkulu kanye nezincane, unjengomuntu, uma kungekho kuhlangana igazi - lwemithambo futhi emithambo yegazi. I sokunene nesobunxele isigamu umzimba ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele.

Izinyoni ziye emine chambered inhliziyo, oyiyo emelelwa Atria emibili ventricles ka esilinganayo. I-ventricle uthola igazi deoxygenated kusukela ATRIUM kwesokudla. Kulo kukhona wokuqhuba Umthambo yamaphaphu, okuyinto ihlukaniswe amagatsha kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi emithambo yegazi ungaphakathi iphaphu elihambisana. Ngalesi sikhathi igazi oxidized kalula bese engena ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi nokusakazwa umbuthano lakhe elincane.

A isiyingi esikhulu kwegazi evela ventricle engakwesobunxele. It isuka esitsheni esisodwa, esibizwa ngokuthi i-lwaleli kwesokudla yomthambo i-aorta, okuyinto ngokushesha ezansi inhliziyo ehlukanisa Umthambo ezimbili innominate: kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele. I-aorta kakhulu esifanayo senzeka bronchus kwesokudla futhi indawo inkambu parallel kukholamu vertebral ikhono le-aorta amaphiko. Umthambo ngamunye innominate luhlukaniswe carotid futhi subclavian. Eyokuqala uya ekhanda, kanti eyesibili futhi ihlukaniswe yaba esifubeni ehlombe. Kusukela aorta amaphiko suka imithambo ezinkulu. Esingafani yakhelwe ukunikeza isisu namathumbu ngegazi, futhi umbhangqwana - nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi, izitho okhalo nemisipha udonga besisu.

Four-enhliziyweni inyoni, it libhekene ngalolo ukujikeleza kwegazi yezinyoni Kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha Ubukhulu ezinkulu, futhi kuphela ingxenye encane yawo ingena kuma-capillary kwezinso. Izinyoni zingafani khona inhliziyo enkulu nge ukusikeka njalo nokungena izidumbu elihlanzekile kuphela lwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ukubala izinyoni nezilwane esinegazi elifudumele.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi ezincelisayo

Ngo ezincelisayo, ezine-chambered enhliziyweni yomuntu noma izinyoni. Ukwakheka kwabo kuyinto ngokwahlukana ephelele imibuthano kwegazi okubangelwa isidingo ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo ezifana efudumele-bloodedness. Lokhu kuchazwe kanje: izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele banesidingo njalo ngoba i-oksijini, okuyinto akwazi ukuhlangabezana kuphela egazini lezithelo imithambo nge eziningi nomoya-mpilo. Nikeza emzimbeni wakhe kuphela abazokwazi inhliziyo emine chambered. A igazi okuxubile yezilwane ezinomgogodla, lapho inhliziyo has emakamelweni ezintathu, akakwazi ukunika lokushisa lomzimba oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, lezi izilwane zibizwa ngokuthi nongenanembeza.

Ngenxa igazi akusho uhlanganise ngodonga egcwele. Omkhulu umbuthano kwegazi ageleza igazi lwemithambo kuphela, okuyinto ngokwezinga oyifunayo enikeziwe zonke izitho zomzimba isilwane, esiza ukusheshisa umzimba. Le nqubo lisiza ekulondolozeni lokushisa njalo. Four-chambered inhliziyo ezincelisayo, izinyoni, nezinye isilwane amakilasi, okuyinto kubalulekile lokushisa emzimbeni unomphela futhi uzinzile. Manje imvelo akunamthelela kubo.

izibankwa

Eqinisweni, inhliziyo lezi zilwane abe ezintathu emakamelweni Atria ababili kwathi omunye ventricle. Kodwa isimiso yomsebenzi wakhe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba bagomela ngokuthi inhliziyo emine chambered kukhona izibankwa. Incazelo zalesi simo kanje. ingaphakathi emithambo yegazi igcwele igazi elingenawo umoya-abampofu, okuyinto umthombo engenayo ATRIUM kwesokudla. igazi Arterial is ahlanganiswe oksijini, it is enikeziwe kusukela ATRIUM okuphambene.

Umthambo yamaphaphu futhi le-aorta, kokubili kudalulwe. Kunengqondo ukuthi igazi kumelwe kahle exubile. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki, ngoba ukuba khona imisipha ichopho ngokuhlanganyela nokwehla ezimbili isigaba e ventricular inhliziyo umsebenzi futhi uvimbele ezinye igazi kuhlangana. Itholakala, kodwa izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvumelana nenani nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa emithathu chambered inhliziyo izibankwa efana isikwele.

Awezinyoka

Ingwenya unenhliziyo emine chambered, kodwa ukwelashwa kulandela igazi akusekelwe ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele ukwahlukanisa. Ngo ezihuquzelayo isitho (inhliziyo) unesibopho usinika lonke amandla emzimbeni ngegazi, it has a isakhiwo ekhethekile. Ngaphezu umfula yamaphaphu, esukela ventricle ngakwesokudla, kukhona eyengeziwe, ngakwesobunxele. On ke mass eyinhloko igazi lingena isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Phakathi imithambo emibili, sokunene nesobunxele, inhliziyo ingwenya has a imbobo. Ngaye, igazi emithanjeni uyakwazi ukuthola ngendlela ukwelashwa umbuthano omkhulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi inhliziyo has a uhlobo silwane zesikhashana silibangise ukuthuthukiswa yinhliziyo egcwele emakamelweni ezine njengoba e esincelisayo futhi esinegazi elifudumele. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala.

izimfudu

Uhlelo imithambo yegazi kanye inhliziyo lezi zilwane kuyafana ukuthi yezinye ezihuquzelayo: benhliziyo emakamelweni ezintathu zixhunywe umthambo futhi Umthambo. Okuqukethwe igazi ngokwanele nomoya-mpilo luyanda lapho zangaphandle ingcindezi iyakhula. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho diving isilwane noma ukuhambisa ngokushesha. Kwenhliziyo incipha, kuyilapho kakhulu okwandisa emakamu-carbon dioxide.

Ngiye emine chambered izimfudu inhliziyo, nakuba isakhiwo bokuphila emzimbeni has emakamelweni ezintathu kuphela. Iqiniso lokuthi inhliziyo eyikho ufudu ezahlukene akuphelele ventricular odongeni emhlabeni lapho igazi imisebenzi, namanani ahlukene oxygen.