Numismatics isayensi - kuyini? Numismatics eRussia

Kukhethwa Numismatics njengenhlangano umdlalo ezithakazelisayo ngokuvamile eba ibhizinisi zokuphila. Lena okuthakazelisayo futhi ezithakazelisayo ukwenza, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuqoqa imisebenzi yobuciko futhi ufunde umlando mshini ngamunye.

Isayensi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa imali

Numismatics ukutadisha imali njengoba izinto, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene kwakudingeka simise ezahlukene nokubaluleka. Inani zemali kube ngubufakazi zomlando waqonda endulo, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa ehlelekile ekuhloleni zemali kuphela waqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili. umpristi Austrian Joseph Hilariusom Eckel yabhalwa umsebenzi Doctrina Numorum Veterum (isifundiso Ancients) imiqulu ayisishiyagalombili (Vienna, 1793-1799), ezama ngazo zonke izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi ayenza lezi isiGreki sasendulo saseRoma senziwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukusebenza Eckel kusetshenzwe ngabanye abacwaningi.

Lokhu kwayifaka umfutho lomkhuba yesayensi Numismatics. Kuyini ukutadisha iqoqo elikhulu numismatic, eyaziwa eYurophu. systematization yolwazi, kwakukhona izinhlu wethulwa. Kusukela e-Austria kwamanye amazwe wangenela Numismatics njengoba isayensi emayunivesithi adumile ngaphansi kokuqondisa mlando abanolwazi futhi abavubukuli. Esikhathini 1850s ngasekupheleni sekukhona umphakathi Antique nge lunye "ekutadisheni zemali."

ukuba abe numismatist kanjani

Ulwazi ithuluzi esiyinhloko lokuqoqa zemali. Kanye nabo kufika isifiso e Ukulifunda ngijule imali emhlabeni. Noma ubani angakwazi abe numismatist futhi bahlanganyele wokuzilibazisa futhi kuvuze. Numismatics - isayensi Ucwaninga ngendlela imali uye savela eminyakeni edlule. Ukuze uziqeqeshe le nto elithakazelisayo ukwenze uqale nje ukufunda izindlela zokuqoqa zemali. Kukhona izinhlangano ezehlukene kanye izinhlangano lapho ungakwazi ukujoyina. Kodwa-ke akudingekile ukuba kubhekwe ngokwako numismatist. Uma wenza isinqumo ukufunda futhi ukuqoqa zemali, okokuqala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iqoqo yakho ayisoze ibe ephelele.

wokuzilibazisa ezithakazelisayo

Qala umdlalo wakho omusha, ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlamvu zemali, ufunde ngomlando wabo.

• Funda mayelana nezinto ezahlukene lapho izinhlamvu zemali kwenziwa.
• Funda kwezimbangela kanye izici of value abo. Nge ekuqongeleleni ulwazi ngomlando, ungabona ukuthi ukubaluleka zemali ubudala akuzona sincike zasendulo yayo njalo.
• Phawula usuku womshini uhlamvu ngalunye, futhi ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa rarity yayo.
• Uma usuku isigugile off, ezingeni rarity lwemali kunqunywa isithombe esibaziweyo.
• Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yokuhlanza zemali kunganciphisa izindleko zawo.
• Thola ukuthi "ukwenza" e Numismatics? Kuqondene numismatists zenziwa up zemali ne kuphela ehlukene kukhona isici kwezinkathi ahlukahlukene. imikhiqizo enjalo shayela remakes. Ngezinye izikhathi le nkulumo isetshenziswa ukuba inkohliso.
• cwaningo okuqhubekayo umlando nokubaluleka zemali.

Uyini Coin

Okokuqala, kufanele uthole kuvisisa lisho ukuthini igama elithi "uhlamvu". Le piece of metal noma ezinye impahla uphawu eqinisekisiwe, ebheka ihlelo. Zonke lezi idatha zinqunywa imibhalo, okuyinto ekhishwe welawulo ukukhipha imali. Isibaluli ezisobala kakhulu ngokomzimba lwemali indaba kusuka kulo yadalwa - ke cishe njalo, kuze kube manje, metal. Ezikhathini zasendulo ngisho esetshenziswa izinkuni, ithambo. Ikhethelwe izinsimbi ayenza lezi kumele kube eliningi eyanele ukunikeza feedstock mints. Kukhethwa impahla ahluka isiko isiko. EChina, choice lokuqala metal wawela phezu ithusi India - Isiliva, emazweni amaningi baye basebenzisa igolide nesiliva ingxubevange (electrum) noma isiliva. Ngokuvamile, encazelweni zemali wasebenzisa imigomo isiNgisi, kodwa lwemibhalo standard cishe emhlabeni wonke izifinyezo esetshenziswa, okuyinto zihlobene Latin. Ngokwesibonelo, AV (Aurum) - kungcono igolide, AR (Argentum) - esiliva, AE (AES) - yethusi Alloys yayo. Izinhlamvu zemali oluqanjwe ubuchwepheshe pruff, ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo ngendibilishi. Yibuphi ubufakazi e Numismatics? On esibushelelezi ngokuphelele ophucuziwe shiny uhlamvu lwemali ebhokisini senziwa okungafani umbala matt legend. Imibhalo Eqoshiwe ahlelwe at engele kwesokudla uye ensimini, futhi ngokuvamile komkhondo ka wokucwebezelisa impahla. Phakathi ukukhiqizwa zemali ezivezwa imivimbo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Abaqoqi singalazisa ziphephile ezifana ukugcina akhanye futhi onokuqundeka.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la zemali lasendulo

uhlamvu ngalunye lasendulo senziwa ngesandla. I metal, kube zethusi, isiliva noma igolide is batheleka isikhunta ukukhiqiza flan - izikhala. Basuke selehlile ngezansi iphuzu ukuncibilika evuthayo futhi ibekwe ku-matrix. Metal isithombe ngokudlulisela uhlamvu okuthiwa eziningi. Inkatho yesibili ngesimo isithombe iye ngesibhakela ngakolunye uhlangothi workpiece. I-matrices wanqunywa ngesandla futhi yakhiwa pair of izingxenye. Bezinhlamvu zemali kwadingeka ezingefani, ngakho uhlobo olufanayo zemali kungaba umehluko wesitayela kusukela uhlamvu lwemali ezinye izinkinga yochungechunge. Amagama zemali zivame kuphawulwa igama umbusi noma amasu yokukhiqiza lemali. On umbuzo "penny" isihloko, Numismatics ukholelwa ukuthi igama lisuselwa isithombe obverse St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa ngomkhonto, futhi kamuva kwaba khona umgibeli elula, kodwa futhi ngomkhonto. Kukholakala ukuthi uhlamvu ezincane edume awakholelwa ke behlonipha umkhonto.

Indlela ukuchaza zemali izinhlu

Ezikhathini zasendulo, indlela evamile yokukhiqiza imali nokujaha isisindo elicacisiwe zemali kusuka ingxubevange ethile, okuthiwa ukubaluleka bokuzisholo. Numismatics ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqhathanisa okunjalo kuba isisindo uchungechunge ngamunye singakwazi ukubona ukuthi uhlamvu lwemali ejwayelekile, okungase kube owawubalulekile umlando noma isichasiso imikhiqizo ethile. Igalofu - endaweni ebusweni uhlamvu lwemali emhlabeni imibhalo, elinikeza zangemuva. Kuvame luhlukaniswe kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Omunye ingxenye yayo unegama lalo. It is a term okuyinto elisuka ngolimi lwesiGreki kwegama elithi "zangaphambili" futhi "Ergon" futhi kusho ukumbandakanya Mint. Kukhona nganekwane ngenxa ikhathalogi. Igama elithi sivela Latin amafomu Isenzo "Lego", okusho ukuthi "funda." Lichaza okuqukethwe zemali. Le nganekwane kungase kubonise igunya lokukhipha ukuba Mint, kwesinkuntshane uphawu, chaza imibhalo nezithombe. Lettering kanye nezimpawu kungase azungeze noma ukubiyela isithombe bese uqhubeke opha. Ethi Numismatics, ukuthi ngaphezu ezinjalo ngokuthi izimfanelo futhi adjuncts.

Ingabe kudingeka sibe nolwazi oluhle amagama

zemali sidilizwa eqoqwe zobuciko eminyaka. Kwathatha isikhathi eside kunenyanga abanikazi samanje le ngcebo. zemali Abaningi ubudala emakethe kudayiselwa abaqoqi izindlalifa nezinye abaqoqi.

Mnikeni noma Halo ngokuthi izithasiselo isithombe ngesimo umqhele noma umqhele, intonga noma Palm, draperies, izigqoko, imicu, Cornucopia, ibhola, umkhonto. Hlobanisa ngokuvamile enkundleni noma kulo mbhalo. Encazelweni yalokho uhlu isithombe kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla emva incazelo oqavile. Isidingo ukuqaphela Numismatics amagama edingekayo ukuze uhlukanise imigomo obverse futhi ukuhlanekezela, noma "amakhanda" futhi "imisila" on the front futhi ukuhlanekezela lwemali kusiza ukuchaza ziphephile. Ayikho kulezi ngazimbili ayinakho maqondana inqubo ukukhiqizwa uhlamvu lwemali. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi siboniswa phambi matrix futhi ezinsikeni zawo reverse. Umlando umsuka zemali futhi kubani awase ngaphambili, kungenzeka nibaluleke ukudlula ukuqoqwa uqobo. Ikakhulukazi uma ziphephile zivela ngalendoda owaziwa noma endalini.

Yini impahla isetshenziswa amaqoqo

zemali eminingi yasendulo ezitholakala izindawo ezazilawulwa ezikhumbuzo bemivubukulo. Numismatics Russia, iningi labo ababhikishe Museum amaqoqo. zemali Lasendulo, enganikeza emakethe namuhla, ziye zatholakala, ikakhulu hoards iqembu. Lokhu nemibukiso ukuthi zilahlekile noma zigqitshwe endulo atholakele nayizimfundamakhwela zensimbi eduze zemivubukulo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, zazingekho amabhange. Yokuhogela ingozi, abanikazi ingcebo nje engcwaba nabo phansi. Amanye amazwe iyakwenqabela ucinge zemali lasendulo we metal detector. Ezinye uthi babe imithetho evumela abacwaningi yengcebo ukugcina noma ukuthengisa ezinye noma zonke yalokho abayikho, futhi lokhu ungumthombo zakudala emakethe namuhla.