Intaba-mlilo Hekla - ubukhazikhazi aphefumula umlilo

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi lapho intabamlilo Hekla kumephu. Wonke umuntu on the izindebe yomuntu wakubo enegama unpronounceable, okuyinto ngo-2010 ophoqelelwe abagibeli izindiza ukukhumbula igama ezimbi Iceland futhi umsebenzi wayo magmatic. Kodwa Hekla kuyingozi kakhulu futhi esikhohlisayo Smoky udadewabo. Kusukela eshisayo zayo akuzona ngokuvamile iphula ikholomu umlotha, elikwaziyo lokushaya jet izinjini, futhi umthombo zemvelo kakhulu umlilo lava namabhomu mlilo. Hekla kuyinto kungenasisekelo, akuqinisekile, ube nemfihlo. Iceland ugcobe mlilo zezwe lakubo amagama besifazane kuphela. Mhlawumbe bayazi amandla Engxenyeni fair lesintu, lapho beningenisa okuthile ibhalansi - wobulili buthaka kubo kulezi zikhathi akuyona ncamashi shayela. Futhi Hekla futhi Katla nodadewabo esiqhingini-legends. Ake uthole kangcono lesi silo nomlilo-ukuphefumula.

Gateway Esihogweni

Uma ebuzwa indela medieval Cistercian mayelana nendawo le ntaba-mlilo Hekla, akazange angabaze ukuphendula ukuthi emnyango endaweni yabafileyo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo izoni, ushiya umzimba ke zisheshe emlonyeni ku emlilweni ophakade lapho ngokugedla amazinyo. ' Lwendela Benedict, ukucula evesini ukuphila St Brendan, ebizwa ngokuthi Hekla isiboshwa yakwaJuda. A Iceland elula ukufika ku-ekhulwini XIX babeqiniseka ukuthi phezu kwalesi intabamlilo on Easter abathakathi zithuthelekela ukudansa. Kungani Hekla okubangelwa bendawo enjalo umhlonipha yokwesaba nenhlonipho ngesikhathi esifanayo? Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu baye matasa isiqhingi, lokhu ubuhle abanenkani libonisa off ulaka lwakhe alufakwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka amabili. Futhi lapho kusondela "usinga" Kunzima ukuqagela. Igama elithi "Hecla" lisuselwa egameni ingubo emfushane nge hood. On esiqongweni sentaba siyohlale ifu, bekude sifana kwenzakalani.

Lokho ososayensi bathi?

Ukuxhumanisa ezindawo ka intaba-mlilo Hekla - 63,98 ° enyakatho latitude 19,70 ° longitude empumalanga. Itholakala engxenyeni ntshonalanga ye-Iceland, cishe amakhilomitha angamakhulu kusukela dolobha Reykjavik. Ngu uhlobo stratovolcano Hekla eyakhona. Yasungulwa kusukela imifantu komugqa. Ngenxa iqhuma njalo ukuphakama entabeni siyashintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1948 sasifana nokuthi 1 502 m, kodwa kamuva wentaba ngiyaquleka. Manje ukukhula Hekla kuyinto 1488 m. Kuyinto yingxenye yokhalo enwetshiwe zigoqiwe lavas andesitic futhi basaltic. Volcanic ufa obuphelele ifinyelela amakhilomitha amahlanu. Kodwa lapho eseneminyaka engu-Hekla ngokuya Geological cishe kwezinsana - iminyaka 6600 nje.

kuqhuma esikhulu

Nokho, umlando onjalo amafishane intabamlilo Hekla e Iceland ayenakho ukwelelesa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Dendrochronology (isifundo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu izitshalo ezimbiwa phansi) ukunquma ukuthi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine futhi 2800 edlule kwakukhona kuqhuma ezinkulu zalolu intabamlilo. Ikholomu intuthu kuye kwanciphisa lokushisa komoya Nenkabazwe iminyaka embalwa, futhi iminonjana umlotha wentaba-mlilo, ososayensi baye bathola ku bogs Peat ka-Ireland neScotland, kanye ezwekazini laseYurophu. I sokuqala esilotshwe ebhaliwe imithombo kuqhuma okwenzeka ngo 1104. Uma emithambekeni ye Izintaba zambozwa amahlathi, kodwa manje bangibonile zíze ngokuphelele. uhulumeni Iceland efuna ukufeza iphrojekthi fabulously ezibizayo ku nengadi yokhalo.

INtaba Hekla intabamlilo kusukela isikhathi sokwehlisa umoya?

Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi iphethini: isikhathi eside isikhathi phakathi nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, le kuzamazamisa lezi nokuquleka isiphithiphithi. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, namuhla le ntaba-mlilo "chudit" has njalo kanye eyishumi. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ke kwaqubuka 1947-48, 1970, 1980, 1981, 1991 nango-2000. Izigigaba ezisanda kwenzeka ebuhlungu kwaphumela abalimala womuntu kwenzeka ngo-1766 futhi 1947-1948. Kodwa kule kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, intaba-mlilo Hekla ongakabi ukuvela. Futhi ngezinga elishaqisayo. Njengoba isimo ezingezwakali wobuhle akuqinisekile ngempela. Izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba bathi, ngokungafani nezinye izintaba-mlilo, Hekla esikhathini esifushane kakhulu isikhathi phakathi ukuqala ukuqhuma futhi lava ekushayweni. Ngakho-ke, kulahlwe wokutakula impela kancane isikhathi sokuthi abantu baphume abantu.

Ilindele ukuqhuma

Ikhumbula ukuthi intabamlilo Hekla zokugcina kwabheduka ngoNhlolanja ka-2000, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba wavuselelwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ososayensi ulindele ukuqhuma entsha usuku nosuku. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kuyoba. Ngezinye izikhathi iqhuma senzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngo-1947 Hekla brawled esingaphezu konyaka. Ukuze avikele abantu emiphumeleni ukuzamazama ukukhululwa entsha lava umlotha, Geophysics wabeka ngesikhathi amakhilomitha ayishumi nesithupha ukujula kusukela phezulu izinzwa ezithwala lonke ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-magma ngaphakathi emifantwini wentaba-mlilo nokubalela asemigodini. Kuze kube manje, akukho ukunyakaza ku yembathani Hekla ayivezi. Ezinye izindawo phezu kobuso intabamlilo ashisayo, kodwa esiqhingini Iceland ke kuyokushiya umangele akekho. Crater kwenziwa ukuhamba izinkambo, futhi uhulumeni uthi they are kasibili ephephile ngenxa yokuphila izivakashi.