Numismatics: zemali Antique namaRoma

Passion Numismatics kuyinto zithandwa kulezi zinsuku. Abaqoqi shayela izizathu ezahlukene ukuze baqede ukoma kwabo ngezinhlamvu zasendulo: kuba value abo zomlando, futhi ISIFISO esidlule, futhi ebuntwaneni amaphupho yengcebo engaqondakali. Abantu abanjalo nesithakazelo ngokukhethekile zemali lasendulo, ngoba ukugcina isithombe hhayi kuphela kubabusi, kodwa ka nangenkathi wonke, izenzakalo ezinkulu, futhi ukungafani kwezinkolo yabo yesiteleka.

Umlando omncane

Izinhlamvu zemali aqalwa ekhiqizwa iChina neNdiya ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII. BC. e. Kodwa inzuzo ye eyiphepha ingahambi ngale kula mazwe. Esikhathini eside kamuva, amaGreki waqala kwenziwe izinhlamvu zesiliva. Baqala ukuba bashintshisane ukudayiswa esetshenziswa imoto, ukushaya kuqala eMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi ukusuka lapho ukusakaza at angomakhelwane.

Lokhu uhlelo ngezimali is zigcinwe zikhona bese kuthi eminye. Izinhlamvu zemali okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma indawo esiGrekini, ezaba isibonelo ngoba ukudalwa kwako. Lapho lisachuma eRoma yasendulo yayiwumuzi isibonelo impucuko eliphakeme. Ngokuwa abantu bakhe ekuhlehleni ukulinda, t. Ukuze. I impumelelo abaningi baye ukhohliwe eminyaka. Phakathi nenkathi ende yeminyaka zemali zamaRoma lasendulo babengene ejwayelekile uhlelo yemali izakhi eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye ababengaphambi zabo, wenza amaGreki.

zemali lasendulo

Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, kulesi sigaba kuhlanganisa imali yamaphepha eRoma sidilizwa kuphela. Nokho, empeleni akunjalo. Kuhlanganisa zemali yabo bonke abantu basendulo babengazi, kuhlanganise Persian, Israeli (Jewish) kanye WaseByzantium. Yemaphepha kwesikhathi lasendulo ezazenziwa kusukela amatshe ayigugu: zethusi, ithusi, isiliva negolide. Material sincike ukubaluleka uhlamvu lwemali, ngoba kunqunywa ukuba izindleko zaso kubo. Lo mthetho siyenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ukhona kuze kube yilolu suku. zemali yaseRoma lasendulo ehlotshisiwe ngezimpawu le nkosi ebusayo. Kwakuwusuku isisindo yesiqinisekiso, izindleko kokulilungisa. zemali Antique zahlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoba imali yamaphepha entsha engunyaza ngamunye ushintsho okwalandela bombusi.

Bronze nethusi zemali

Uhlelo yemali lasendulo indima ebalulekile kudlalwa izinsimbi ezifana nethusi nethusi (okuqondile. Aurihalk). Kuyinto ngenxa yabo futhi lwemali olwenziwa. Uhlamvu lwemali lokuqala lalibizwa wazenza ngethusi. isisindo sakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwaba awunsi elinganisiwe. Kwaba zethusi umpetha kabani isisindo kufana nokuthi 12 awunsi (340g). Izinhlamvu zemali zazincane kanye nezinzuzo:

• SEMIS - 170 gr.
• Triens - 113 gr.
• Kvadrans - 85 gr.
• Sekstans - 56 gr.
• Ngesilinganisocos futhi wabelane awunsi, enesisindo ngokulandelana igama.

Ngemva kwalapho, wabonakala aurihalk metal (zethusi) - eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma lethusi, i ingxubevange zethusi ne-zinc. Kule ezifana zemali sasendulo saseRoma kubalwa njengoba sesterce (27.28 g.), Dupondius (13.64 g.) Nembongolo (54.59 g.).

Igolide nesiliva

Isiliva deniers kubalwa, victoriatus, futhi quinarius sestertii. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo ubuso value (udenariyu) enesisindo esingaba 5 amagremu, kanye kencanikhulu - kancane engaphezu kweyodwa igremu. Ngenxa yalokho ekutjhugululweni 217 BC. e. isisindo zabo ziye zancipha. Igolide aureus zadalwa, nangemva izinguquko of Constantine Mina ngizele ukusetshenziswa solidi, SEMIS futhi triens (amagama ahlelwe ukwehla oda isilinganiso).

Namuhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi iyunithi eyisisekelo ayenza lezi lasendulo kwaba lwemali, noma lwesiliva. Ngakho, phakathi ohlelweni Aeginian kubalwa staters esiliva (12-14,5 g) kanye yamadrakma (okufana sasendulo saseRoma uhlamvu lwesiliva , isisindo saso singamashekeli, efana lwemali isigamu), eSamo naseMilethu fokeyskoy futhi Persian - igolide. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imali yamaphepha ezenziwe ngethusi noma lethusi, njengezinto ibalwa yilezi amayunithi. Lo mkhuba kwakwandile ikakhulukazi izikhathi Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

manga

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo yezandla. Ingxenye abakhwabanisi usukwenzile ngesikhathi, kanti abanye amakhophi yesimanje. Kule ngxenye, sizogxila kakhulu yinzondo nobugovu, ngokushesha nje lapho baqale value namuhla. Kukhona izindlela eziningana atholakalayo self-nokuhlola:

1. Ukukhomba yekhwalithi ephansi elinegazi kwanele ukubheka isithombe kwisikhangisi. Manje zemali yamaRoma inkohliso wenza izivakashi kanye izakhamuzi ezivamile, abazi lutho mayelana Numismatics. Ngakho-ke, olufana okwangempela ingelutho.
2. Ukuqhathanisa idatha lwemibhalo kungenziwa kuhlaziywe nokubaluleka kulinganiswa. Uma izinkomba kungukuthi akhishwe phakathi wenani elicacisiwe, impendulo isobala.
3. Ngezikhathi zamaRoma uhlamvu lwemali hhayi cast futhi kubalwa. Ngakho-ke wenza imishini imali yesimanje kungaba avelele njalo.
4. Uma kuwe uhlamvu lwemali likhona eliphathisa izinhlayiya phezu - ke uthando ngoJehova luqotho. Ukuqhubekela lo mphumela akunakwenzeka. Sibangelwa yangaphakathi ukugqwala amanyela.
5. Ukuba khona isitembu kukhanye ukhuluma esivuna Ngokwesibonelo angase aqinisekiswe.
6. zemali yaseRoma lasendulo kungaba ihlolwe nge-microscope. Ngezinye kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu kuyoba ubuso ebonakalayo ukugqwala nobuntu ligatures sikhathi.
7. Ukuqhathanisa original indlela engcono ukuqhathanisa ukuphrinta imininingwane yayo encane kunazo zonke.
8. ukuhlaziywa Spectral kuzosiza sithole Ukwakheka isampula ligatures. Uma imiphumela ukuhlaziya Ngokwesibonelo engabazekayo bangempela ziyafana, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi zemali basonta esifanayo.

Yiqiniso, abantu abangenalwazi sekunzima ukuhlukanisa mbumbulu. Kulokhu, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukuze ujike i numismatist abanolwazi.