Isiliva Coin: Numismatics. Collectible. Kuvele uhlamvu lwesiliva lasendulo

Manje namaqiniso okuphila kwanamuhla komnotho abanjalo ukuthi inkinga ezithinta ibhizinisi yasebhange futhi cishe zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza, ukuphoqa iningi labantu abacebile ukubheka, izindlela ezintsha ithembeke imali ezisele capital yakho kusukela ukwehla wayo. Njengoba yaziwa, imisebenzi yobuciko, imidwebo kanye kwakudala Ongakuthanda yenyuka intengo nokuwa. Yingakho namuhla, njengoba ngokucijile kwakhulisa isithakazelo lokuqoqa zemali ubudala futhi ezingavamile.

Numismatics

Isayensi ukuthi izifundo kanye nencazelo zemali kanye izindondo, ngokuthi Numismatics. Ochwepheshe kulezi zindaba noma abaqoqi elula ngokuthi numismatists.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e isithakazelo yaseYurophu e elidala zemali Antique, futhi baqala ukuvela kudala njengoba Yempucuko. Ekuqaleni zazibonwa kuphela ngokuya sobuhle bayo, futhi akekho lalibhekwa njengento isikhumbuzo lwemali.

Kukholakala ukuthi iqoqo kahle esikhulu ka amapeni sasendulo saseRoma waba abadumile imbongi Italian Petrarch, owaphila eminyakeni engu-1304-1374, njengoba uthando lwakhe kwaba Numismatics. Izinhlamvu zemali, noma kunalokho, abo ukubuthwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba kakhulu ehlonishwayo futhi imfashini yokuchitha isizungu. Kodwa-ke abantu abanesifiso kule ndaba ingakamiswa ngokuthi numismatists. Fans of kwakudala ehlukahlukene rarities ngokuthi wabenza Antique. Ngokuvamile awase kubantu abavelele emphakathini futhi kwadingeka imithombo yezimali umxhwele, kanye ezingeni sezingeni eliphezulu lemfundo.

Njengoba yaziwa, ekhulwini XVI e izinqaba of ebukhosini futhi bobukhosi izigodlo base bekhona kakade ezingaphezu kuka 900 Muntz-iKhabhinethi, okuyinto iyisonto zemali eminingi yasendulo. Kube kwabasebenzi abakhethekile abanomsebenzi incazelo isichasiso zemali. Nokho, imisebenzi yabo Awunawo Ngokuqondene ukuntula ulwazi, benza i ezizathwini yabo.

Umlando okuvela Numismatics njengoba isayensi

Umsunguli ubhekwa a uprofesa wemivubukulo Numismatics Eckel (1737-1798), owafundisa e-University of Vienna. Wafika okokuqala nomqondo wokuthi kubalulekile ukuba ahlele zemali indawo yomlando isimiso. Ngemva umsebenzi isikhathi eside futhi kanzima ngepeni yakhe, incwadi, "The Science of zemali lasendulo" imiqulu eziyisishiyagalombili.

Kakade ekhulwini XVIII emayunivesithi European Saxony futhi Sweden ufundile inkulumo yokuqala isayensi, ngokuthi igama elihle "Numismatics". Izinhlamvu zemali kule sikhathi lalibizwa kakade kubhekwe kusukela umbono yobuciko umlando nemivubukulo.

Singasho ukuthi Numismatics Russian kuza ngesikhathi lapho uPetru mina e 1721 alethwe Petersburg uhlamvu lwemali iqoqo, ithengwa Hamburg kusukela Modersa antiquarian, wayifaka Museum. Umsebenzi wokuqala eyabhalwa Bayer ku kwegazi zemali eRussia, eshicilelwe Petersburg ngo 1734. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe futhi wathola inqwaba ezinganembile. Futhi kuphela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule yokuthi yaqala ukusetshenziswa Numismatics izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda ngempela.

Kungani imali eyenziwe ngesiliva

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa esiliva ngokwenza imali, njengoba nje iye zonke izici ezidingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa yabo - plasticity kokuvamile isikhalazo ezibukwayo, okuyinto siqhubeka isikhathi eside.

Mangisho ukuthi uhlamvu lwesiliva oyiyo njalo has ukungcola we metal, futhi avame kuba ngethusi. Inikeza baphikisana kakhulu ukugqoka esiliva. Lokhu metal injalo emsulwa cishe akazange asebenzise ukwenziwa imali. Ukwehluka lekusisa zemali Are kulezizinsuku. ERussia, isiliva njengendlela yokukhokha iye yasetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube ekuseni 30-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule.

amabhange Modern Russian ngonyaka ukukhiqiza amakhophi amaningi iqoqo izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu Hambayo zemali sezisindo ahlukahlukene namahlelo. Bona Kwase kuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhokha. Kungokufanayo imali zemali futhi Sberbank. zemali Isiliva izinombolo elinganiselwe kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa noma njengezinto eziyisikhumbuzo noma imali eqoqweni usetha numismatists.

Emhlabeni kuphela

Kakhulu uhlamvu lwemali ezingavamile iyona tetradrachm okuthiwa Etna, ngoba ifinyelele izinsuku zethu ikhophi eyodwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana yabe seyaziwa e 1867 uma aluthola Castellani bazalwane, owayehlala eRoma. Ngo 1882, badayisa yona umthengisi Antique ezivela eBelgium Lucien de Hirsch. Eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lonke iqoqo zemali lasendulo wanikwa izihlobo State Belgian, kuhlanganise esiliva tetradrachm Etna. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yena wagcinwa Royal Library e Brussels. Wagqoka obala ngo emnyuziyamu eJerusalema.

Isiliva Tetradrachm Etna zikhona kakade eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2500. It senziwa eSicily e 476 BC. Coin isisindo 17,23 amagremu, futhi ubukhulu - 26 mm. Ukuhlanekezela lihlotshiswe a ukubhinqa ikhanda futhi obverse - ohlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi kaZeyusi nokuduma ngombani esandleni sakhe.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinhlamvu zemali ezingaphezu yasendulo iye yathola ukuthi usuku emuva ekhulwini XII. BC, tetradrachm Etna kodwa uhluke ngoba umbhalo walo emangalisa futhi zisesimweni ephelele. Lolu hlamvu wake wadayiswa endalini, kodwa uma kwenzeka-ke, numismatists ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inani layo kungenzeka kwedlule $ 12 million, okuyinto kunalelo intengo lwemali eqolo emhlabeni - US double ukhozi igolide ayenza lezi zinhlamvu. Kodwa nakuba lokhu rarity zithengiswa okungukuthi hhayi lohleliwe.

zemali lasendulo

Omunye amagugu edume kakhulu yasendulo emhlabeni kuyinto uhlamvu lwesiliva lasendulo "I Ides of March." Kuyinto udenariyu esiliva, olwenziwa zoMbuso WaseRoma elalinikezelwe ukubulala Yuliya Tsezarya, eyaqala Mashi 15, 44 BC. e.

Cishe bonke amakhophi zalo sasenziwe ngesiliva, kodwa kukhona isampula amabili ngegolide. Enye yalezi zemali yafakwa obala eBritish Museum.

Manje emaqoqweni langeqadi zeningi engaphezu kwengu-60 izingcezu zemali. On side yabo obverse isithombe umbulali Yuliya Tsezarya - Brutus, kube yibo - cap futhi pair of imimese ngala mazwi Eid MAR, okusho ukuthi "Ides of March", ie kosuku lokufa kaKesari ...

Georgian zemali ezingavamile

Kuyo yonke le minyaka eSoviet Union, abacwaningi abaningi uzifunde ngokucophelela Numismatics empumalanga futhi, ikakhulukazi, zemali Georgian.

Olwenziwa Tbilisi Abbasid dirhams - izinhlamvu ivelakancane. I yokuqala nosaziwayo kakhulu babo eyakhishwa ngo 825-826, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - eminyakeni 942-943. Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke imali ukuthi agcinwe. Yingakho zonke izenzakalo ezintsha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emlandweni Georgia futhi Numismatics.

Abaz - lena enye uhlamvu lwesiliva Georgian lasendulo. It wasetshenziselwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. Igama layo ehlangene egameni inkosi yasePheresiya Abbas mina Elikhulu, owabusa kusukela ngo-1571 kuya ku-1629.

Ngo 1605 - 1606 iminyaka Abaz kubalwa esiliva enesisindo 10-11 amagremu kanye ububanzi of 25-26 mm. On the obverse ukuboniswa ingonyama nomsila bent, futhi ababemzungezile - umhlobiso ezimibalabala, okuyinto oluthatha sonke isikhala etholakalayo. Ngemuva - futhi imigqa emibili lwalugobile phambanisa futhi phakathi - ingonyama, kodwa ezincane. Lolu hlamvu lilondolozwe Hermitage njengenhlangano ucezu Antique.

Ekupheleni kwe-XVIII leminyaka Persian isimo kancane kancane abe buthakathaka futhi cishe elahlekile ukulawula encane khans, okuyinto eCaucasus ngesikhathi kwaba esikhulu inombolo. Izwe ihlukaniselwe izizinda ezincane kanye nababusi bawo. Ekugcineni, amakhosi Georgian uzibuse. Khanate Caucasian waqala ukwenza imali yabo esiliva.

Ngemva Georgia ukuthi lathathwa umbuso uMbuso isiRashiya, omunye Mint kwahlelwa Tbilisi. Isiliva Abaz kwaba yisisekelo uhlelo yemali lapha. Wayengumuntu ilingane Russian kopecks 20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezimbili par: poluabaz - 10 kanye double Abaz - 40 kopecks.

Uhlamvu lwemali ohlangothini front bekulokhu uwuphawu Tbilisi - itshe umqhele linamazinyo amagama "Tiflis", kanti phansi - igatsha ngomnqumo namaqabunga esundu. Ngemuva - ". Esiliva Georgian" ihlelo kanye amazwi

Imali Russia tsarist

Royal nezesiliva ezinekhanda bezilokhu high futhi ubumsulwa ingxubevange, ngisho ngalezo zikhathi lapho okungukuthi kakhulu ezinzima zezimali ezihluzekile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele. Yingakho lezi izinto enesisindo ezimbalwa amagremu, akuzona kuphela zomlando, kodwa futhi ngenxa yobuhle zenzuzo umniniso.

Russian zemali bobukhosi zahlukahlukene kakhulu kungathatha endaweni yalo efanele amaqoqo numismatists abaqoqi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umlando imali okungukuthi kakhulu kumnandi futhi kuyavuza. Thatha usuku June 20, 1810, lapho Manifesto kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu owawuthi ruble sivunyiwe wuphiko main malini Empire Russian. Ukwakheka kwalo - Isiliva 4 spool 21 yabelana, noma '18 Lokhu uhlamvu lwesiliva manje abe lwemali esisemthethweni futhi yathatha phakathi nalo lonke ikhulu XIX.

Kusukela 1839, omunye kwaba kabusha malini 1843, okwaphumela ngokushesha depreciating imali yephepha sithathelwe indawo imali yamaphepha entsha. Manje owodwa wesiliva Rouble wanika 3 ruble no-50 amasenti e imali yamaphepha. Kungakanani kuyinto ruble esiliva manje? Inani layo zokhahlamba kusuka 870 kuya kwezingu-60. ruble, kuye ngokuthi isimo kwegazi futhi zemali.

zemali Royal okuqondene ngekhulu XIX, kuvamile, njengoba akhiqizwa circulations omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, bangathenga ngisho ngalendoda abavamile ngentengo ezingabizi kakhulu. Njengoba izimo ezingavamile, izindleko ongafinyelela amashumi amaningana dollar angamashumi ezinkulungwane.

uConstantine ruble

Mhlawumbe uhlamvu lwemali oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke nabadumile Russia tsarist yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi Isiliva Constantine ruble. Kuyamangalisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, igama ngokwayo, njengoba kwaziwa ukuthi umbusi okuthiwa uConstantine ayikaze ibe khona.

Konke lokhu kwaqala ngemva kokufa kuka-Alexander I, ababengenazo izingane ezingabasiza. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sakhe sathathwa umfowabo Konstantin Pavlovich. Kodwa ngo-1819 lapho ngokuzithandela asiyeke, futhi wayazi izimfihlo ukuthi abambalwa kuphela. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 ka-Alexander I Manifesto ngasondelana up, lapho bonke amandla lidlule umzalwane yesithathu - Nikolay Pavlovich. Yabe seyaziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba iye yanyatheliswa ne-manifest iphakethe of uMkhandlu WoMbuso. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi Labaqaphi ufungile allegiance uConstantine. Ukucabanga ukuthi emvimba badedele izikhundla, umphakathi osithekile Decembrists, amasosha ngaphansi kobuholi babo benqaba ukuthatha isifungo inkosi entsha. Kodwa njengoba azi, lelo tulo olwembiza, lezi zihlubuki zithunyelwe ejele, futhi Nicholas mina esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Mangisho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi izwe emasontweni amabili wasala engasenabo umbusi. Kokunquma play kuphephile, umbusi Petersburg Mint banquma ukwenza isivivinyo isampula nge umfanekiso uConstantine namahlelo 1 ruble.

Ubude 6 Konstantinovsky zemali engunyaza. Kuze 1878, base oluthathwa bese ihlukaniswe phakathi kwezihlobo imithetho yombusi. Bobabili manje igcinwe eminyuziyamu yaseRussia, omunye - e-US, elinye - ngasese amaqoqo emazweni angefani. Inani layo balinganiselwa ku endalini kungaba Dollars ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane..

Izinhlamvu zemali uMbusi uNicholas Nicholas mina II

Izinhlamvu zemali ngesikhathi kubusa Nicholas mina (1825-1855) ngokuvamile waqamba kunoma izinsuku ongasoze walibaleka, futhi leli siko waqala ngokunembile nge ekuzeni kwakhe amandla. Ngakho kwaba khona ngo-1834 uhlamvu lwesiliva ngesithombe ka-Aleksandru Ikholomu e 1839 - ne Borodino yesonto, futhi 1841 - uhlamvu behlonipha umshado indlalifa e amahlelo ruble nenxenye.

Imali kwadingeka Sokuzivikela hhayi kuphela eMbusweni isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ePoland. Ngokwesibonelo, PLN akhiwa 15 penny, futhi 20 amasenti - ukuze 40 amapeni. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo uhlamvu lwesiliva wakhishwa namahlelo 5, 10, 20,25 amasenti futhi amadola amahlanu, futhi ruble nenxenye.

Izinhlamvu zemali esikhishwe uNicholas II (1895 - 1917), bayakufakazela ukuthi izenzakalo esindayo nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu impilo yezwe. Lo mbusi esihlalweni sobukhosi lapho waqala ukubonisa okwandayo ngamazwi ashiwo wamavukelambuso. Ukubusa kwakhe kweminyaka kwadingeka ku zikhathi ezinzima, ezazihlukanisa izwe. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali Witte waba omkhulu lwemali kabusha. zemali zegolide ihlelo elikhulu engunyaza. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nemali encane. Bona bafakwa ukusetshenziswa zemali anikezwe 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, no-50 amasenti Rouble.

Ngo-1896, nguye ikhiphe, okuthiwa wokugcotshwa ekhethekile, the ruble esiliva inani ayizinkulungwane 190. Pieces. Bonke zanikezwa abahlanganyeli at wokugcotshwa. A portrait kombusi wasebenza umculi A. Vasyutinskii. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imali lidlule ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi sigcinwe kahle, ngakho lezi zemali Nikolaev akuzona eqolo.

Kuyadingeka ukuba agcizelele imali ekhishwe 1898. Lezi zinhlamvu ziye enikelwe kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze u-Alexander II. kubalwa ayizinkulungwane 5 kuphela. Amakhophi yabo, nokuthi lokhu lesikhumbuzo wayechazwa ngasohlangothini lwabo reverse. Futhi ngo-1912 kwafika nomunye ruble ekhumbulekayo esiliva, manje bazinikezele kokutholakala statue uMbusi u-Alexander III. Bona zavezwa ngisho kancane - amakhophi 2 ayizinkulungwane .. Lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili collectible kukhona funa ngenxa ukusakazwa kwalo encane okungavamile.

Njengoba singabona, cishe kuzo zonke uhlamvu lwemali kwenkathi koMbusi Nicholas mina uNicholas II kwatywinwa ishumi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo, umlando kanye nobuhle of the Empire, Russian.

Post-wamavukelambuso nezesiliva ezinekhanda

Design lemali eSoviet Union bekumele aqukethe heraldry isimo, kanye nokuqalisa zezimali yokungakholelwa emibonweni edinga ube Cabangisisa izithombe zombili izinhlangothi uhlamvu lwemali. Futhi ngo-1923 ekugcineni Kwabuthwa sivunyiwe. Isiliva zemali-USSR eseqala ukuveza ngo-1924.

Yini embi ngalo of amasenti 50 u anezinhlaka sibalo ukusebenza ngesando ezandleni ephakanyiswe emi phambi nesikhandelo. Ngemuva ezinyaweni babe egejeni, isando kanye igiya.

On the reverse of the ruble esiliva, eyakhululwa ngo-1924, ikhombisa sibalo wesisebenzi kanye nabalimi abancane. Ngokusho ukukhulelwa lokuqala ngemibono kubonisa indlela isekhondi impilo engcono. Ngemuva kwalokhu kuqamba - uhlaka namafemu ekuphumeni kwelanga.

Kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1923 olwenziwa zemali omusha RSFSR, ezingakabelwa lalibekwe kwegazi. isithombe sabo sekunqunyiwe ukuthatha zemali entsha babe eSoviet Union, kodwa kanye nezingubo ezimbili kuphela. Eyokuqala wabo - ushintshashintsha zemali namahlelo 10, 15 no-20 cents ohlangothini nenani esikhundleni legatsha namahlamvu emadlebeni kakolweni, kanti eyesibili - esikhundleni ifulege lesizwe Russia ibekwe elingenamikhono izingalo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ekugcineni, ngo-February 24, 1924 USSR nezesiliva ezinekhanda bafakwa kwegazi. umsuka Ngakho uhlelo olusha yemali ku amanxiwa Empire Russian.

zemali Isiliva ezazenziwa kuze 1931, futhi wakwenza ngokuzifaka Leningrad Mint. Ezinye ingxenye zamadola amahlanu, okungukuthi udaba 1924 ngegama elithi "Turkish" onqenqemeni, ngesicelo uhulumeni omusha olwenziwa London eRoyal Mint. Kwakumelwe ayesekhona kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo ka-1961.

Ukuze ruble futhi amadola amahlanu yasetshenziselwa esiliva amasampula 900, futhi zemali encane nge ongaphakeme par value - amasampula 500. Kulesi imali encane ke kubalwa amancane ukuze ziphakathi zemali eziyivelakancane nesibaluleke nengxenye enkulu yaleso sikhathi. Babala imali ngo-1931, ikakhulukazi ezingavamile, njengoba ziye zalondolozwa kuphela ezimbalwa. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka izinhlamvu zesiliva, wenza kulo nyaka lingadlula uphawu ruble ayizigidi 120..

collectible

Numismatists njalo nesithakazelo kuphela imali ukuthi athé ukwehluka kwabanye kanti udedelwe kunyatheliswa elincane. Lokhu ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngokuphathelene nomlando kungenziwa bagxila obuncane metal, isiko, umnotho, njll Cabanga nje ukuthi bangaki abantu ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa ungumnikazi eyodwa uhlamvu oluthile!

zemali Collectible bayigugu kakhulu iphuzu lolwazi umbono. imali zemali amasampula Basendulo medieval kungaba njengoba enamandla kakhulu uma imibuso namazwe amancane. amaqoqo okunjalo amelela imali eqoqwe futhi systematized ngokuvumelana esinye sezici. It kungaba imali noma uthi Antique ephathelene okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, kanye ekumeni wababusi Europe, noma elinye lamasonto - uhlamvu lwesiliva isiRashiya, amadola amahlanu, isibonelo.

Imali njengoba ithuluzi ilungele utshalomali

Manje, eziningi isimo ngezikhathi resort nempikiswano zemali of amatshe ayigugu: isiliva, negolide, palladium kanye platinum. Kungaba kuphela ukubhekana ibhange central. Ziklanyelwe kokubili utshalomali kanye ukudalwa Isikhwama ukonga eyimfihlo izakhamuzi. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi utshalomali noma isisindo. Anomoya eyabonisa zenani eliyimali, kodwa eqinisweni intengo yabo kunalelo emakethe. Ngezinye izikhathi investimenti kanti amanye collectible, zenkolo kanye zemali esiyisikhumbuzo esikhishwe emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Zimali, bangabakaNkulunkulu Inani labo abenziwe kusuka cishe okumsulwa ensimbini eyigugu. Lapho ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa eRussia, awayona intela ye-VAT, kanye yokufuna izinsimbi eziyigugu bullion. It kuvela ukuthi imali 18% wezindleko ukubaluleka zemali, isb zimali othenga imali njengoba konke akudingayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lutho iyadonswa ligatja elilawula isimo.

Enye inzuzo yokuhamba kwesikebhe lo mnikelo ukuthi uma umuntu akakwazi ukuthenga bar, khona-ke has a indlela yokuphuma - ukuthenga amakhophi okukodwa noma ngaphezulu zemali ezibalulekile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi neze ukwehla kwamandla emali, i-simo kwezomnotho okungekuhle nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Futhi abakwazi depreciate, kodwa kunalokho, value abo liyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Thengisa ezifana izinto eziyigugu kungaba uma ufuna - noma ebhange noma umuntu yangasese. Ngakho-ke, kwanele eliphezulu, onokwethenjelwa futhi eside ithuluzi utshalomali.

igolide Russian nezinhlamvu zesiliva okuqondene nalesi sigaba, ungakwazi ukuthenga ngqo kusuka amabhange, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho kuyodingeka ukufinyelela ummeleli, futhi ucacise ukuthi abekho yini isitokwe, izindleko samanje ukuthenga nezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Eshibhe lokudayisa Sberbank. Isiliva zemali angathengwa ngabanye ezizimele kanye nezinkampani, kodwa kuyoba ezibizayo nokunye okuningi.

kukhona ezimbili zemali silver bullion eRussia: "Sable" futhi "Georgiy Pobedonosets". Eyokuqala yakhululwa ngo-1995 futhi has 925, kwesibili - ngo-2009 999. Futhi omunye, futhi enye uhlamvu lwesiliva - ruble 3 Inani par. izindleko zabo zokhahlamba kusuka ruble omunye izinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ukuqokwa entsha ye-ruble

Central Bank of iRussia ngo-June 2014 ikhiphe zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-100, esibonisa uphawu entsha yemali - incwadi "P" nge umugqa omncane ovundlile. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lo mcimbi ke kubalwa uhlamvu lwemali esiyisikhumbuzo esiliva 3 ruble ihlelo, njengoba kunyatheliswa izingcezu 1,500. 500 babo babe izinga "ubufakazi" - surface bushelelezi lapho impumuzo matt. Asele amakhophi 1,000 banombono ohlukile - abayikho opaque ngokuphelele futhi zibizwa ngokuthi "uncirculated".

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kuze kube kulesi sikhathi, futhi uMbuso Russian noma eSoviet Union ngesikhathi of the ruble akanayo uhlamvu ayo, ngokungafani kuya US dollar, yen Japanese, umina British, futhi muva nje, i-euro.

uphawu ruble kwavunyelwana ngoDisemba 2013. Ngenxa yalokho yezwe wamavoti ethandwa.

Manje e-Russia kukhona ezitolo ezinkulu ezimbalwa, lapho afundela khona izinhlamvu zesiliva lasendulo. UMbuso Historical Museum kanye Hermitage - main. By the way, eqoqweni wale mithandazo ngempela eziningi zasendulo, ephakathi, Western, Eastern futhi Russian imali yebuhhehlu leyehlukene.