Isazi sefilosofi uPaul Riker: ama-biography namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ifilosofi yindlela yolwazi lwezwe, futhi ngalinye linalo. Kukhona abantu abazama ukuhambisa ifilosofi kwabanye ngokukhuluma nokubhala, futhi lesi sihloko sizoxoxa indaba yokuphila kwefilosofi.

Amafilosofi ekhulwini lama-20

Ifilosofi, njengomlando kanye nezincwadi, ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ibe ngamakhulu eminyaka, kepha izazi zefilosofi eziningi zisalokhu zihlala esikhathini sethu (Plato, Kant noma Descartes). Kodwa-ke, isikhathi asimi, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni eziningi, futhi abantu kufanele bavumelane nalokhu futhi bavumelane nayo. Ngakho-ke, izikhombisi-ndlela ezintsha zivela emazingeni ahlukene, kufaka phakathi ifilosofi (phenomenology, neo-Marxism, structuralism, neopositivism, njll), futhi ngokufanayo izazi zefilosofi zibonakala zifuna ukuveza ukuthi lezi zindlela zithini - uTheodore Adorno, Michel Foucault, Paul Ricoeur, UBertrand Russell et al. Cabanga ngempilo nomsebenzi womunye wabo.

Paul Rieker: Biography

Ngo-1913 eValencia ngoFebruwari 27 enye yezazi zefilosofi ezaziwa kakhulu zekhulu lama-20 zazalwa. Igama lakhe nguPaul Ricker. Wayeyizintandane ekuseni, umama wakhe wafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe, kanti uyise, owayengumfundisi waseNgilandi, wafa phambili ngesikhathi iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Abafundisi bakhe babengumkhulu nomkhulu (abazali bakababa) ababengamaProthestani futhi beyingxenye encane yenkolo, eyayibonakala kakhulu eFrance yamaKatolika futhi ithonya impilo kaPaul omncane.

Wathola imfundo yakhe eyinhloko ngokutadisha iBhayibheli nokuya ezinkonzweni zesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPawulu wakwazi ukungena eNyuvesi yaseRennes, wangena eNyuvesi yaseS Sorbonne, futhi ngemva kokuqeda iziqu waqala ukufundisa ifilosofi eLyceum.

Lapho iMpi Yezwe Yesibili iqala, uPaul waba yisosha lebutho laseFrance, futhi ngokushesha wawela ekuthunjweni, kodwa wakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe futhi waqala ukuhumusha imibono kaHusserl (isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane owasekela isikole esiyinkimbinkimbi).

Ngemva kwempi, uPaul Rieker wakwazi ukubuyela ekufundiseni: okokuqala kwakunguYunivesithi yaseStrasbourg, ngaleso sikhathi iS Sorbonne, bese kuthi iNyuvesi yaseNanterre. Ngo-1971 waba nguprofesa eNyuvesi yaseChicago, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wafundisa eYale University.

UPaul Ricker washona eneminyaka engu-92 emzini wakhe eFrance, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2005, lapho elala futhi engavuswanga.

Ukuphila komuntu wefilosofi

Isazi sefilosofi esivelele sekhulu lama-20 kwakunguPaul Riker. Ukuphila kwakhe komuntu kwakhiwa lapho eneminyaka engu-22 nje kuphela, kepha wahlangana nomkakhe njengengane, futhi babengabangane nje iminyaka eminingi. USimone Leja wazala umyeni wakhe 5 izingane: amadodana amane nendodakazi eyodwa. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eminingi, bekhulisa izingane, bese kubazukulu. Ngeshwa, indodana eyodwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-80 yazinikela, ezinye zisaphila. UmkaRiker wafa ngaphambi nje kokufa kwefilosofi.

Isiqondiso sefilosofi

и последователь феноменологии, которая появилась в Германии в начале 1910–х годов. UPaul Ricker ungumfilosofi nomlandeli wezinto ezibonakalayo, ezavela eJalimane ekuqaleni kwawo-1910. Inkinga enkulu eyayimi kule ndlela yilapho umuntu eyazi ukuthi isisekelo esiphila kuso impilo yakhe. Indlela yokudala lesi sisekelo, lapho ungayakha khona, uma ungahambisani nezinqubo zamakhemikhali zobuchopho, yilokho okwakungumsebenzi omkhulu. Ithiyori eyisisekelo eyakhiwe izafilosofi yukuthi noma yiluphi ulwazi luyisimo (izimo) emqondweni womuntu.

UPaul Riker waqhubeka futhi wahlakulela umqondo wendlela efana ne-hermeneutics, eyayiqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwemvelo, kodwa yabonisa ngolimi. Inselelo eyinhloko yasungulwa kanje: ungahumusha umhlaba kanye nokuhumusha umbhalo ngokusizwa kwamanye amamodeli.

(т.е. для понимания замысла литературного произведения, необходимо знать и понимать предложения, из которых состоит текст), так же должно происходить и в жизни: найти причину, почему произошло то или иное событие, докопаться до сути, разбирая его на части и т.д. Isibonelo, ku-hermeneutics kwakukhona into enjengombuthano we-hermeneutic - ukuze uqondisise futhi uhumushe okuthile kanye nomcimbi, kubalulekile ukwazi izingxenye zawo ezihlukene (okungukuthi, ukuqonda injongo yomsebenzi wokubhala, kubalulekile ukwazi nokuqonda imisho eyenza umbhalo) , Okufanayo kufanele kwenzeke empilweni: ukuthola ukuthi kungani lokhu noma lowo mcimbi kwenzeka, ukuze ufike phansi, ukuwuhlunga ezingxenyeni, njll.

Lesi siqondiso nezindlela zayo zokucwaninga zisetshenziselwa inkolelo yezenhlalakahle, ezincwadini nase-aesthetics.

U-Riker wayekholelwa ukuthi izimo ze-phenomenology ne-hermeneutics azihlanganiswa kahle, isiqondiso sokuqala sibheka umbono weqiniso, okwesibili - sichaza imibhalo. Yebo. Sibona umhlaba ngandlela-thile, bese siwuhumusha ngokombono wethu, sihlela umhlaba wethu. Imibhalo yikho konke okusizungezile, inkumbulo, ulimi, igama, ukholo, umlando. Konke lokhu kuyisimo somuntu kanye nezinto zokubona.

I-Paul Ricoeur: Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

U-Riker waphila impilo ende, owazalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngemva kokulwa nezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili futhi ekuthunjweni, wafa ngo-1992 ekhulwini lama-21. Wayebona futhi waqonda okuningi, wayezama njalo ukudlulisela imibono yakhe kubantu, efundisa emanyuvesi futhi enze izincwadi ngefilosofi. Kunezici eziningana ezithakazelisayo ezibonisa ukuthi impilo yakhe yayingakanani.

Lapho uPaul Riker eboshiwe, waqhubeka esebenza futhi waqala ukuhumusha uHusserl. Ikamu lalinomqondo ocebile wengqondo - izinkulumo nama-seminari aphethwe, futhi kamuva le ndawo yaba isikhungo semfundo.

Ngo-1969, eYunivesithi yaseNantar, wamiswa waba ngu-dean futhi wasebenza iminyaka emibili. Kodwa ngemuva kokubanjwa phakathi kwemililo emibili: ezombusazwe kanye nobuholi, wamukela ukunikezelwa kweYunivesithi yaseChicago futhi waya emsebenzini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-91 wathola umklomelo wempumelelo yakhe ebantwini.

U-Riker wayengumuntu owazi kahle kakhulu futhi wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ngesimo sokuphila komuntu, ngenkathi ehlanganisa izindawo ezihlukene ngokuphelele: ulimi, izimpawu, izimpawu, psychology, inkolo, izincwadi kanye nomlando, okuhle nokubi.

Imiklomelo yeRicer Field

Ngo-2000, uRiker waba ngumnqobi weKyoto, umklomelo okhishwa njalo eminyakeni emine ezindaweni ezintathu - isayensi eyisisekelo, ifilosofi nobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

Ngo-2004, wathola umklomelo weKluge emsebenzini wakhe kubantu. Lo mklomelo ubhekwa njengelungelo lomlinganiso weNobel Prize.

Imisebenzi esemqoka yefilosofi

Imisebenzi engaphezulu kuka-10 yadalwa ngumfilosofi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuphila kwakhe. Abanye bakhululwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 edlule, abanye - ekugugeni. Kodwa ngaphambi kokubonwa yizwe, umsebenzi oqaphile wenziwa ukuqoqa izinto, ngoba kwakungenjalo, ngakho-ke uPaul Riker wakholwa. Ungabona isithombe sakhe kuyi-intanethi nasesihlokweni sethu, kodwa kungcono ukujwayelana nomsebenzi, ubambe le ncwadi ezandleni zakho, ukuqonda incazelo eqondisiwe.

Umsebenzi wokuqala wadalwa ngo-1947 futhi wabizwa ngokuthi "uGabriel Marcel noKarl Jaspers", futhi kamuva wakhululwa ngo-2004, ebiza ngokuthi "Indlela yokuqashelwa."

Ngo-1960, u-Riker wasebenza ngevolumu emibili ethi "Philosophy of the Will", kwaba phakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho eya esiqondisweni se-hermeneutics, lapho kwakudingeka ukuthi afunde umqondo wobubi. UPawulu wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuze aqonde ububi, umuntu kumele azi izinkolelo futhi aqonde ukufanekisa, futhi yilapho eba nesithakazelo kulezi ziqondiso, ekwakheni imisebenzi eminingana eyamdumisa. Wabhala izincwadi ezinjengokuthi "Ukungqubuzana kokuchazwa" nokuthi "Inkolelo yokuchazwa", wafunda imisebenzi kaPlato no-Aristotle, ngo-1983 kuya ku-1985 wakhulula incwadi ethi "Isikhathi nendaba", ehlola izikhathi ezahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Izingcaphuno ezidumile zefilosofi

UPawulu Ricker wayengumfilosofi ovelele wesikhathi sakhe. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi imisebenzi yakhe iyoba yinto edingekayo, futhi izingcaphuno zifanelekile, kudingekile ukuthi ufunde abambalwa bese ucabanga:

"Yonke inkolelo iphila ngokuhunyushwa."

"Ubunye bokukhuluma kwabantu kuyinkinga namuhla".

"Ukuthula kuvula umhlaba wonke ngaphambi komuntu ozwayo."

"Ucabanga ukujula."