"UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu": umsuka kanye nencazelo yokukhuluma

Ngaki kangakanani, ukuwela ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono nemibono yomuntu, sikhothamela iziphathimandla zabanye abantu. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka naphezu kokuqonda. Isibonelo, abazali bahlale becabanga: bayazi ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kumntanakho. Ubani okumelwe abe umngane kuye, yikuphi ukuzilibazisa okumele ukhethe, lapho umsebenzi ozozibona khona. Futhi ngisho nokuphila komuntu siqu kwezingane zabo kufanele kwakhiwe ngemithetho yabantu abadala. Futhi ingabe labo abasinika impilo ngaso sonke isikhathi? Futhi singacabangela ukuguga kanye nolunye ulwazi lwabantu njengeqiniso eliphelele?

Inkulumo enamaphiko

Ezimweni ezinjalo inkulumo eyedlule kakhulu iphiko iyakwamukeleka kakhulu. Kuzwakala kanje: "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu." Njengama-aphorisms amaningi, nawo unomthombo. Ngasekugcineni kwe-XVI - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVII, ehlala, wayengumlobi odumile kangaka - uMiguel Servantes de Saavedra. Wonke umuntu uyayazi hero yakhe enhle futhi enhle - i-Don Quixote yaseLa Mancha. Engxenyeni yesibili yombhalo, eSahlukweni 51, sithola ukuthi uyazi ukuthi: "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu." Ngakho-ke, leli gama lavela kuphi ngolimi lwethu! "Amikus Plato, Sed Maqis Amika Waritas" - yilokho okushicilelwa kwesiRussia kwe-aphorism ngesiLatini. Kungani sikhumbula? U-Simply Cervantes wazi kahle inkulumo ebanzi yokufunda. Kodwa waphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesiSpanishi lokho abadala ababekusho ngaphambili.

Ukuvakasha kumlando ...

Futhi manje, ezingqondweni zethu, sizothunyelwa emshini wesikhathi ngisho nangemva kwalokho. Ikhulu le-IV BC, iGrisi lasendulo, uPlato omkhulu, isikole sakhe sefilosofi kanye nemisebenzi yakhe, okwamanje kuze kube yilolu suku aluzange lulahlekelwe ukuhambisana nesithakazelo. Kwelunye lwazo - umsebenzi othi "I-Phaedo" - uPlato ucaphuna uSocrates, owayengumfundi, lapho okhethwe khona ngaphambili ecebisa ukuthi angaziboni, evikela umbono wakhe. Iqiniso libiza kakhulu kunegunya, kusho uSocrates. Futhi umbhali we "Fedon" uvumelana ngokuphelele nalokhu. Ngakho, "uPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu." Ake siqaphele ukuthi isazi sefilosofi sinikeza abafundi isitatimende esinembile: umuntu kufanele afike ekupheleni, uma eqiniseka ukuthi unelungelo lakhe, futhi angacabangi ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuhambelana nombono wothisha wabo.

Ukusuka kuPlato kuya e-Aristotle

Umqondo wefilosofi wasendulo wamaGreki wanika umhlaba umhlaba wonke. Omunye akakwazi ukusiza kepha ucabange ngomunye ummeleli ophawulekayo wakhe - i-Aristotle. Lona futhi ikhulu le-IV BC, kuphela isikhathi esithile kamuva. Ipeni lakhe lingumsebenzi ojulile futhi ojulile we "ukuziphatha kukaNicomakh". Kulo u-Aristotle, ukuqhubeka nokucabanga kwabafundisi bakhe (uSocrates kanye noPlato wonke), wabhala ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abathandekayo bakhe abangane bakhe, uma umuntu ekhetha phakathi kwabo neqiniso, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe okufanayo eqinisweni. Leyo indaba ende kangaka yalesi sitatimende! Kodwa akuyona into yokugcina, ngoba abalobi abaningi basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi umthombo wonke "ushizi-boron" - uSocrates, ibizo lakhe elikhulunywe ngalo ku-aphorism. Kodwa, njengoba sesimisile, kungaba ngcono ukukhuluma lokhu: "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu!"

Izikhathi ezengeziwe

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwethu kuyisibonelo sobudala besichazamazwi esinengqondo namasiko. Umbhali ushicilele i-axiom ephikisana naye. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, kamuva, izitatimende eziningi ezifanayo ze "okuqukethwe okujwayelekile" zahlanganiswa. Isibonelo, uMartin Luther, eqinisekisa ukuthi abefundisi bakhe bezenkolo nabafilosofi, bathi cishe inqubo efanayo yomhlaba wonke, esondelene kakhulu nendabuko: "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso libiza kakhulu," ukukhuluma kuphela ngoSocrates nokusebenzisa okudingekayo okunamandla "kufanele kukhethwe." Ukubaluleka kwalo kubonakala kucacile: kunoma yikuphi ukuphikisana, njenge-arbiter, ukulungisa, ukuvumelana nomqondo ozwakalayo, ukubhekelela kufanele kuthathe isinyathelo. Noma iqiniso. Nguye omele asebenze njengenani eliphelele futhi abe namalungelo phezu kwayo yonke imibono yokuziphendulela.

Ake sihlale ngezibonelo

Ngamaphi amacala afanelekile? Kuzo zonke, uma kuziwa ezinqumweni ezinzulu zenqubomgomo, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, isiphetho sokuthola okubalulekile kwesayensi, ukuxazulula umbuzo wezomthetho, njll, noma ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu bungase buxhomeke. Inveli kaDudintsev "Izingubo ezimhlophe" ixoxa ngezinkinga ezihlobene negatsha elisha lezinto eziphilayo - izakhi zofuzo. Ubuza, konke lokhu kuhlobene kanjani ne-aphorism efanayo: "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu"? Incazelo yalo ihlobene ngokuqondile nempi evezwe emsebenzini: abanye ososayensi bayaqhubeka mayelana neziphathimandla ezisemthethweni, bavumelane ngakho konke "nabafundi be-academician" okungahleliwe (umdwebo uLysenko). Ngenxa yokuzuza kanye namandla akhe, "uyasula" hhayi ozakwabo kuphela abanamakhono, kepha futhi uyangena ngokuqondile futhi athululele amanga ngemibono yesayensi eqhubekayo.

Abanye abesabi ukulwa ngokukhululekile nalezi zindlela ezibuyiselwayo kanye nezethuba, kepha zivikela iqiniso naphezu kwengozi ebasongelayo. Lona yiDyozhkin, Tsvyah, Strigalev, Heifets. Ngokomzekelo, lesi sigaba sishaqeka kakhulu ngesimo sokuthi kukhona ukukhathazeka okucacile kanye nokwahlulela eqenjini lokuthi, nakuba kunezihlobo eziningi phakathi kwabesosayensi abasebenza lapho, usekulungele ukushiya izindonga zesikhungo, asebenze iminyaka eminingi. "UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu" - ubonisa ukubaluleka kwalesi sitatimende ngezenzo zakhe. Futhi hhayi nje kuphela! UDyozhkin wafunda i-Ryadno ingcweti yangempela, indoda ehlakaniphile futhi ithalente, isazi sezinto eziphilayo esinombhalo omkhulu. Ukufunda ukuthi i-academician iye yehlisa isabelo sokubheka ezinye izinto ezitholwe ngabanye abantu futhi eveza abalobi bakhe ukushushiswa nokucindezelwa, uyabuya futhi uphakamise ukuvikela iqiniso.

"UPlato ungumngane wami, kodwa iqiniso liyigugu kakhulu" - kusho ukuthini lesi sisho ngaye? Okukhulu: UDyozhkin uletha ekupheleni kwe-laboratory ephonswe phansi komhlaba. Ukufaka ukuphila kwakhe engozini, ukudlulisela ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kwabalingani bakhe baseNtshonalanga, abaze ngokukhethekile kwi-Union ngalokhu. Futhi-ke, iminyaka eminingi, kuze kube sekufeni kukaStalin nokuvuselelwa kwabalingani bakhe, phakathi kwabo kukhona labo abafela ejele noma emakamu, uhlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapha ukuthi yikuphi ukunciphisa nemihlatshelo ekulungele ukuya kubantu abayisisekelo ngenxa yeqiniso!

Izibonelo ezifanele zisinika izincwadi!