Ifilosofi kaTomas Aquinas

UThomas Aquinas wangena emlandweni njengesazi sefilosofi esikhulu sezinkolo zama-Middle Ages, futhi futhi njenge-systematizer ye-scholasticism kanye nomsunguli weThomism, isiqondiso esibalulekile seSonto LamaKatolika. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wayengumhlonishwa waseDominican. Imibono yakhe isetshenziselwa izimfundiso zefilosofi zanamuhla nezenkolo.

Ifilosofi kaTomas Aquinas inikeza ithuba lokuqonda imibuzo ethile eyinkimbinkimbi yenkolo. Imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu yiThe Sum of Theology, kanye neThe Sum of Philosophy.

Ifilosofi kaThomas Aquinas: ngokufishane

Lesi sazifilosofi sokuphila kukaNkulunkulu sibheka ukuthi asanele. Babenamabufakazi ayisihlanu bokuthi kukhona ukuhlakanipha okuphakeme :

Ukuhamba. Yonke into ehamba ngumuntu uhamba, okusho ukuthi kukhona injini eyinhloko. Le injini ibizwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu;

- isizathu. Yonke into ekhona nxazonke inesizathu sayo siqu. Isimpande siyimbangela kaNkulunkulu;

- ithuba kanye nesidingo. Lezi zinhloso zihlobene. Isizathu sokuqala nguNkulunkulu;

- izinga lekhwalithi. Yonke into ekhona inezinga elihlukile lekhwalithi. UNkulunkulu ukuphelela okukhulu;

Ingabe umgomo. Noma imuphi umgomo unakho konke. Umgomo usho ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyinikeza. Ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, ukubeka imigomo bekungeke kwenzeke ngokuphelele.

Ifilosofi ye-Aquinas ixhunyaniswe nezinkinga zokuba, uNkulunkulu, kanye nazo zonke izinto. Ikakhulukazi, isazi sefilosofi:

- udonsa umugqa phakathi kokuqala nokuphila. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlanganiswe nemibono ebalulekile yobuKatolika;

- njengengqikithi isazi sefilosofi simelela "umqondo omsulwa" wento noma into, konke okwenzekayo, izici ezisekhona engqondweni kaNkulunkulu;

- Iqiniso kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ubiza ubufakazi bokuthi kukhona khona into;

- konke esikubona nxazonke kukhona kuphela isizathu sokuthi lokhu kuphila kwavunyelwa nguNkulunkulu;

- UNkulunkulu anganikeza isisekelo sokuphila, futhi angase asuse lokhu kuphila;

- UNkulunkulu ungunaphakade futhi awunakuphika.

Ifilosofi kaTomas Aquinas iqukethe umqondo wokuthi:

- konke kuqukethe umqondo (ifomu), kanye nendaba;

- ubunye bendaba kanye nefomu - isisekelo senoma yini;

- umqondo uwuyisimiso esichazayo, indaba iyisitsha;

- noma yimuphi umqondo ophindwe kathathu - okungukuthi, ukhona engqondweni kaNkulunkulu, kule nto kanye, nasemqondweni womuntu.

Ifilosofi kaTomas Aquinas iqukethe imibono elandelayo:

- Isizathu nesambulo akufani;

- isizathu nokukholwa njalo kuhilelekile ohlelweni lokuqaphela;

- isizathu nokukholwa kunikeza ulwazi lweqiniso;

- ulwazi olungelona iqiniso lungabonakala ngenxa yokuthi isizathu siphikisana nokholo;

- konke kuhlukaniswe yilokho ongakwaziyo, nokuthi yini ongakwaziyo;

- ingqondo iyakwazi ukwazi kuphela ukukhona kukaNkulunkulu;

- ukukhona kukaNkulunkulu, ukudalwa kwezwe, ukungafi komphefumulo, kanye neminye imibuzo enjalo umuntu angaqonda kuphela ngesambulo saphezulu;

- Inkolo nefilosofi - lokhu akuyona into efanayo;

- ifilosofi ichaza kuphela ukuthi yini eyaziwa ngesizathu;

- uZimu uyayazi imfundiso yenkolo.

Ifilosofi kaThomas Aquinas: ukubaluleka komlando

Lapha ungafaka:

- ubufakazi bokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ;

- uhlelo lwe-scholasticism;

- Ukudweba imingcele phakathi kokuphila kanye nesisekelo;

- umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibono yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo;

- ukutholakala kwemibono yaphezulu eyandulela ukuqala kwezinto;

- umqondo wokuthi ulwazi lungatholakala kuphela uma ingqondo ihlangana ngokukholwa futhi iphela ukuphikisana nayo;

- inkomba yezinhlaka zokuba khona, okungaqondwa kuphela ngesambulo saphezulu;

- ukuhlukaniswa kwemfundiso yenkolo nefilosofi, kanye nokumelelwa kwefilosofi njengento engaphansi kwesayensi;

- ubufakazi obuningi bokuhlinzekwa kwezinhlinzeko eziningi ze-scholasticism, kanye nemfundiso yenkolo.

Izimfundiso zalesi sifilosofi zaqashelwa uPapa (1878), futhi zamukelwa njengemfundiso esemthethweni yobuKatolika. Namuhla, imibono yakhe isekelwe emibonweni enjenge-neo-Thomism.