Umqondo "wokuqwashisa", izindawo kanye namazinga okuqonda. Uphi ulwazi lwethu olufanele?

Uphi ulwazi lwethu olufanele? Kuyini? Isebenza kanjani futhi ixhumana nomzimba wethu? Le mibuzo ayikude. Babuzwa izazi eziningi zasendulo njengeHippocrates. Futhi ngisho nakulezo zikhathi ezikude wafika esiphethweni sokuthi zonke izinqubo zengqondo zivela ngokuqondile ebuchosheni. Yilesi sakhiwo somuntu esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke indawo lapho ukuqonda kwethu kufakwa khona, okusivumela ukuba siphile, sisebenze, sihlaziye futhi senze konke okwenziwa yizinyathelo esingacabangi ngazo.

Umsuka womqondo

Okokuqala, sanquma ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi ukuqonda. Lapho sekufika isikhathi esinjalo, ngabe kusho ukuthini lokhu noma umcwaningi, abantu abavamile bayibona kanjani? Umqondo wokuqaphela, njengoba usubonile ngaphambili, wavela ngisho nasendulo. Abafilosofi, abavela emithonjeni engaziwa bathola ulwazi lwabo oluyinkimbinkimbi, baqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi umuntu ngamunye ubona leli zwe ngendlela yakhe. Bahlukanisa isithombe somgomo wezemvelo, okungathi, njengokungathi, babonakala kuphela kwabankulunkulu, futhi bezithobayo. Esesibili sinezincazelo eziningi, ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala emhlabeni. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu ezimfundisweni nasezifundisweni zabo, imibono efana nokukhona, ubuqiniso, ukuqonda, nokunye okuningi kuphakama.

Ukuphikisana kwesayensi

Futhi, uPlato wakhuthaza incazelo ehluke ngokuphelele yalesi simo. Umqondo wokuqaphela emibhalweni yakhe isekelwe ngokuphelele ezintweni ezingokomoya. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu wadalwa ngomfanekiso nofana noNkulunkulu, futhi ukwazi kwakhe, okudingekayo kuphela ekukhulekeleni, kutholakala emphefumulweni. Yiqiniso, ihlukaniswe nomzimba. Umlandeli wakhe ongumKristu - uThomas Aquinas - ngesisekelo salezi zenzo wenza iziphetho zakhe mayelana nokuthi kuphi ukuqonda kwethu. Wabuye wathi uhlukile enyameni futhi ungomunye nomphefumulo. Into ehle kakhulu ukuthi le mbono ibuye ilandelwe yi-Descartes. Kodwa-ke, wafaka imininingwane ethize, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi "ubuqili." Okubalulekile ukuthi umuntu uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - umphefumulo nomzimba. Zithintana, futhi owokuqala uthola izimpawu kusukela kwesibili, ngaleyo ndlela ulawula izidingo nezifiso.

Izazi zefilosofi zanamuhla nezahlulelo zabo

Abantu besikhathi sethu baqiniseka ukuthi indawo lapho ulwazi lwethu lukhona khona ubuchopho obubonakalayo. Ngumzimba olawula umsebenzi wabo bonke, uveza imicabango, izifiso, izidingo ezikhiqiza kokubili izenzo ezibalulekile (ukudla okunomsoco, ubulili) nokuningi "okujulile" kusukela ekubukeni kwefilosofi (ukufunda, ukudweba, ukuhamba, ). Kodwa lapha wonke umuntu ukhubeka phezu kwamatshe amakhulu angaphansi kwamanzi: umsebenzi ongenakunqotshwa ukutadisha ulwazi. Uma le nsimbi ixhunyiwe ngokuqinile ebuchosheni, kuze kube yilapho sekufundwa kamuva, ngeke sisuke esikhungweni sokufa.

Indlela ejulile yenkinga

Abanye abacwaningi, njengoDkt. Searle noT. Nagel, baqaphele konke okweqile futhi badalule isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele. Umqondo wokuqaphela ubonakala kubo njengesiqoqo sonke semisebenzi yengqondo esekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi le nto ingaphezu kokusebenza kobuchopho obuhlukile. Ukuqaphela kuhlanganisa umzimba womuntu ngokuphelele, kuhlanganise nazo zonke iziteshi zayo ezizwakalayo, wonke amathuba ezitho, imisipha nobuchopho. Mayelana nalokhu, uNagel noSearle bahlukanisa zibe izingxenye ezimbili - ubumbano nokuzithoba.

Ubumbano

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa lezo zakhiwo zokuqwashisa njenge-juxtaposition of fact and the creation of a picture. Isibonelo, sithola endaweni entsha lapho ukunakwa kwethu kudonseleka khona yi-yacht enhle. Indoda iyazisa umkhumbi, ilahlekelwa yizo zonke ezinye imininingwane ezizungezile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akabukeli i-yacht, engekho lutho noma e-studio, lapho zonke izindonga, phansi nangesilonde zidwetshwe khona ngopende olufanayo. Uyambona ngokumelene nesizinda solwandle, abethelwe esiphambanweni, izihlahla, isihlabathi nokunye okubonakalayo kubonakala kuye. Futhi konke lokhu akumangazi, njengoba lezi zimo zifanekisela i-yacht. Kodwa uma emcabangisisa ngempela kule studio, ukuqaphela kwakhe bekuzothatha njengento engavamile. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kwakukhona iloli esakhiweni se-yacht esasisigamu esasenyuka emanzini, kungabangela ukusabela okungafani, kodwa hhayi ukuhlonishwa.

Ukuzithoba

Lapho inkinga yokuzicabangela yokuzizwa inzima kakhulu. Isizinda salo siseqiniso lokuthi ngamunye wethu, futhi hhayi umuntu kuphela, kodwa futhi nesilwane, ubona konke ngendlela yakhe. Iqiniso lokuthi bonke abantu (noma zonke izinja) babona imibala kanye nemisindo ngokulinganayo isungulwa yi-physicists. Ukushiswa komsindo noma umsindo kunomsindo wayo, owenza ngokufanayo ama-neurons ethu. Kodwa nansi incazelo esiyibeka kulokhu noma kulowo mthunzi, kulokhu noma leyo nothi, kuzwakala kuphiyano, ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngesisekelo salokhu, okuhlangenwe nakho komunye umuntu, singasebenzisa kuphela ngokungaqondile, ngokusekelwe ezindabeni zakhe, esibuye sibone nge-prism yemibono yethu. Kungenzeka ukuba ufunde ngale ndaba ngezinsuku, ngakho-ke sizosho ngokusheshisa ukuthi uhlangothi oluzimele lolwazi luseyimfihlakalo kubacwaningi.

Kancane kancane mayelana ne-essence

Yini umuntu noma yimuphi omunye umuntu ophilayo otholakele ngenxa yokuthi unikezwa ulwazi? Kungani le ngxenye iyingxenye ebalulekile yethu, ngaphandle kwayo engeke ibe khona ngokugcwele? Ngokuyinhloko okuyisisekelo sokuqaphela kungenxa yokuthi ukubonga kuye siba ngumuntu. Akuqukethe kuphela isethi yezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ezilawulwa yi-neurons yobuchopho futhi zithele kithi ngezifiso nezidingo zomzimba. Kuzo zonke izinto ukuphila kuzoshintsha njalo, kugcwalisa inkumbulo, isipiliyoni, ukubonakala okusha, ulwazi. Ukuqaphela kubumba ukucabanga kwethu, kanye nombono wethu. Siyambonga singaba umuntu othakazelisayo, usosayensi, singabonisa ukukhanya okuhle. Ukuqaphela kwenza kube lula ukuhlola isithombe esiseduze, kodwa futhi ukwamukela. Sibonga ngaye sizizwa ngokwethu thina ukuthi singobani.

"Isibuko samasevisi"

Manje sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izindawo eziyisisekelo zokuqaphela.

• Okokuqala umsebenzi - noma yimuphi umuntu uyaqaphela ukuthi uhlala kuleli zwe futhi kufanele enze okuthile.
• Ukukhethwa - asiwuboni umhlaba wonke noma indawo yonke. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamunye wethu uphazamiseka inkinga ethize.
• Isikhathi esijwayelekile - ukuhlaziya izenzakalo ezithile, izenzo, izinto ebuchosheni bethu, sigxile ezintweni eziyinhloko, kuyilapho kulesi sithombe sonke, izikhathi ezincane zinganakiwe noma zinyanyiswe.
• Ubuqotho yilokho okwenza kube lula ukuqonda izinto ezima ezindaweni zazo kanye nendawo eseduze.
• I-Constancy - ihlelwe imemori kanye nesipiliyoni (ukungena esitelekeni, ukweqa lokhu noma umgwaqo weshumi, njll).
• I-Dynamic-consciousness ingumuthi ongazinzile. I-metamorphosis ngokoqobo nsuku zonke.
• Ukuphazamiseka kuyimfanelo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngamunye wethu ngokuzithoba uyabona umhlaba. Imemori ingakhohlisa ukubona nokuzwa. Futhi konke ngoba kuphela ezingqondweni zethu kunezinselele ezithile eziqondisa umbono weqiniso.

Isibuko somphefumulo wethu

Ezingqungqutheleni zamafilosofi nezenkolo kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa amazinga amaningi okuqaphela. Ngokwengqondo, kungenzeka ukuthi ufike ekujuleni kokubaluleka komuntu ngokuzindla. Ngeke sihlolisise imikhuba yobuBuddha, kodwa cabanga nje ngezinhlangothi ezimbili zomdanso - ingqondo izwakala futhi ingenasisekelo. Izinga lokuqala libaluleke kakhulu ukuba khona komuntu ngamunye endaweni yakhe. Kule ndawo okuthiwa yizindiza eyaziwayo, kunombono, ukuhlaziywa, ukucubungula kolwazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwakha isithombe esithile somhlaba. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukungazi lutho. Ivame ukuvulwa ngesikhathi sokulala, kodwa ngokuvamile isebenza esimeni sokuvuka komuntu. Ngokungafani nokuqaphela, ayinayo ikhwalithi efanayo nokuhlaziywa, ngakho-ke kungasinika izithombe ezinesizotha ezidinga ukuhlolwa. Ngokwehluleka kwengqondo umuntu usekela umhlaba wakhe ngokungazi lutho. Lesi yisizathu sokungafaneleki kwayo.

Amathoni aseBuddhist

Ukuze ufunde ngalokho umhlaba owaziyo khona, udinga ukuvula kancane ubuBuddha, esizokwenza manje.

1. Izwe lesihogo akuyona impilo ngemva kokufa, kodwa umuntu ungumuntu wangempela. Isimo esichotshoziwe kakhulu, ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba nangokomoya, okufisa ukufa kuyo.
2. Izwe lambela isimo sokuqaphela lapho umuntu efuna njalo okuthile, futhi ukuhaha kwakhe kunemingcele.
3. Izwe lezinkomo - ukuhlala ngokulandela izimo zasendle, akusasekho.
4. Izwe ledimoni i-Asura yikuphila kwabantu abanobudlova nabakhazimulayo, abajwayele ukuzonda, ubudlova, ukuhleka usulu kwababuthakathaka nokudelela.
5. Izwe lomuntu liyisilinganiso esiphezulu sokulinganisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbi nezihle. Lapha siphila, sijabulela inqubo, ukusebenza nezingane ezikhulayo.
6. Izwe lezulu liyisimo sokuqaphela lapho umuntu egcwele injabulo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uyathokozisa njalo ngomzuzu, uyathatha umzuzu futhi uhlale ehle.
7. Izwe lalabo abalalele izwi - lapha ungabona amazinga okuqwashisa adinga ukuthuthukiswa. Abantu abakulesi sikhundla bafunda izincwadi njalo, bajule kakhulu emkhakheni othile wokusebenza, bafunde futhi bazithuthukise.
8. Izwe ngokwayo lizokhanyisa - konke kulula. Imelelwa ngabantu abazithuthukisa ngokwabo, ngaphandle kosizo lwabaqeqeshi.
9. Izwe le-bodhisattvas - umuntu uzidela ngamabomu ngenxa yabanye.
10. Izwe lamaBuddha lilahliwe izifiso, izidingo kanye nokuhaha. Wonke umuntu ongowakhe, akakwazi ukuhlupheka, ukhathazeka kuphela ngabanye, ngoba wenza konke.