AG Venetsianov: imidwebo ngeziqu nezincazelo

Kukangaki kunqunywa umsebenzi umculi Russian ngagama sonorous Venetsianov? Imidwebo esibonisa izigcawu uhlobo ekuphileni ongumlimi futhi ngokuthi kuqale yasekhaya uhlobo imidwebo, lo mkhuba, eyagcina ifinyelela iqophelo eliphezulu eNkantolo Inkathi Wanderers. Kodwa ukubaluleka ithalente kwezobuciko Venetsianov, esikalini zobuntu bakhe womuntu waba elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni art Russian hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi uhlobo isiqondiso olulodwa. Lokhu kuba kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile lapho eduze sibheke imidwebo yakhe.

"Portrait of Mother" (1802)

U-Aleksey Gavrilovich Venetsianov wazalwa ngo 1780 eMoscow yomthengisi umndeni, okuyinto kwadingeka okhokho okusuka Greece. Bangena isidlaliso Russian Veneziano, kamuva reworked isitayela Russian egameni. Lapho uLindani balithanda imidwebo, izifundo zakhe akazange kubonakale yini abazali sina. Mhlawumbe yingakho akazange uthole njalo art imfundo. Kukholakala ukuthi ulwazi lokuqala inqubo Umdwebo aluthola "guys" - thishela, futhi umthombo oyinhloko wemfundo kwezobuciko, okuyinto wathola Venetsianov - imidwebo ngu ezindala eminyuziyamu nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa abadwebi wesimanjemanje nokucwala nemipheme.

Uhlobo lomcoka art Russian wesikhathi kwaba portrait, ngakho isipiliyoni olungokomfanekiso yokuqala eyaziwayo Venetsianov libhekisela lolu hlobo. Lena portrait kanina - Anna Lukinichna, nee Kalashnikova.

Obonakalayo njengoba okwamanje awunazo ubuciko enhle amabili nambili izinsizwa it is kunzima kangakanani banikezwe ukudluliselwa inani umoya nokukhanya. Kodwa kuyacaca, nokuningi - ikhono layo ukuze uthumele ukwakheka okuhlukene lendwangu, ukuzethemba okwanele sibalo. Futhi okubaluleke - wakwazi ukuba adlulisele imizwa umfuziselo wakhe: ukudideka nezingxabano kusukela kumama kuya indima yakhe ibeke nesimo sakhe emnene.

"Self-portrait" (1811)

Ngemva 1802 Venetsianov kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, lapho uzama ukwenza igama ngokwakho futhi uqale ukusebenzisa ubuciko ukuze baziphilise. Ngokushesha, ubizwa ngenkani ukungenela inkonzo ye sezikhudlwana eposini. inhlanhla wamvumela ukuba simazi kanye edume portrait umdwebi V L. Borovikovskim (1757-1825), owadumisa Umdwebo Venetsianov futhi baba umeluleki wakhe kule mkhakha nasekuphileni. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yethonya lakhe Venetsianov izicelo Academy of Arts zokwamukelwa isihloko esemthethweni umdwebi. Ngokwe-sisekelo Academy, umfakisicelo kudingeka bathumele umsebenzi wabo. Kuze kube yimanje Venetsianov ubhala self-portrait.

Kulesisithombe siyasibona kakade ezingeni eliphezulu amakhono omsebenzi umdwebi. Lena ukusebenza kweqiniso futhi efanele umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela, elingenalo touch romantic nemihlobiso. Kwazise-ke nohlolwe kanye yesithombe adalwe umculi ukujula kwengqondo. Lapha unake ukugxila emsebenzini owenziwayo, futhi ngokucacile nomuzwa wokuzizwa ubalulekile.

Venetsianov wayezimisele yiBhodi Academy of Arts in the "uya khona" - omunye ezingeni esisemthethweni ziqu umdwebi oye wenza kwenzeka ukuthola isihloko academician emva umsebenzi enikezwe iBhodi. Venetsianov waba academician ngemva kokubhala portrait inikezwe KI Golovachevskogo.

"Barnyard" (1821)

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola isihloko academician yokudweba Venetsianov usala inhlokodolobha, futhi isevisi sazinza impahla yakhe Safonkovo esifundazweni Tver. Lapha akudalile imisebenzi yakhe enkulu kunazo enikelwe poetizatsii ongumlimi ukuphila.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi movie "barnyard," umculi ngaphambilini serfs yakhe ukuqaqa ngaphambili odongeni engotsheni enkulu lapho okusanhlamvu agcinwe. Wabeka yena umsebenzi ukuze uthumele umbono komugqa nokujula, njengalezo ukuthi wamgwaza zabalingiswa umdwebi French uFrancois Granet. Ngaphandle olumangalisayo yayo izithombe isikhathi ebohla esikhaleni ibanga, umxhwele laqanjwa ngokucophelela ezingaphendulwanga senyanga kuqala zibhekise ezihlukahlukene tinongo abalimi kanye nezilwane. They are gcwele of ukubaluleka lasendulo kanye izinkondlo emangalisayo.

Painting walidumisa uMbusi u-Alexander I, abathenge ke kusukela umculi, futhi baze bazethe umbhali yini indandatho ene-idayimane. Kuyinto kancane kwadambisa isimo sakhe sezimali.

"On the umhlabathi olimekayo. Spring "(1820)

Imifanekiso eminingi Alekseya Gavrilovicha Venetsianova egcwele izimfihlo kanye izimfihlakalo ukuthi namanje zingaphezu art zochwepheshe nabasafunda. Lolo lwembu ezincane (65 x 51cm) negama cishe bottichellievskim kanye izinkondlo uzwakale sokuboshwa isikhathi esilingana wobuciko enkulu Renaissance. Kukholakala ukuthi le Umdwebo - chungechunge lwezihloko phezu zonyaka.

farm labour yesehlakalo selivela isenzo egcwele engcwele, umuzwa cosmic. Isibalo owesifazane osemusha abeza umsebenzi onzima, egqoke izingubo zakhe zokugqoka ezingcono, ingane onqenqemeni emkhakheni, okwenza icebo efana isithonjana Virgin, anyamalale ekujuleni sibalo esibukweni omunye ongumlimi - Ugcwele izimfihlakalo. Igcwele Ukubaluleka lula kakhulu, landscape, ngokumelene lapho zikhona lezi abavamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isehlakalo ngokubabazekayo. Alex Venetsianov kabani imidwebo kunzima ukuba kuthiwe uhlobo oluthile, njengelinye lamazwe abasunguli Russian olusankondlo landscape.

"Abavuni" (1820)

Kodwa uhlobo esiyinhloko Venetsianov kuyinto portrait, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko, unquma - kubonise isithakazelo esiqotho futhi abahlonipha ngayo labo yena umele. Ubuciko eliphezulu imidwebo kuhlangene banganhlanhlatsi ubuhle Ukwakheka kuqinisa umbono wokuthi kuthinta Venetsianov isibukeli. Isithombe, izincazelo kokuqukethwe ingabhekana e izinkulumo ezimbalwa, eshaya ukujula nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa, ngisho noma amaqhawe abo - abalimi abavamile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi abavuni, uhlabe ikhefu ukuze isikhashana ukuphumula, wahlala izimvemvane ezimbili. Ngenxa ehlombe at kubo ngifuna umfana, umxhwele ngobuhle bazo. Umculi zaveza cishe hornblende - ukucabanga amaphiko manje ukuxegiselwa ukuze fly up futhi zinyamalale ukushisa kwehlobo. Njengoba protagonists real - yobuso babo, izandla kanye izingubo. umsindo Real futhi imizwa evezwayo ngumuntu intombi ingane, futhi okubaluleke - umuzwa palpable ka balijabulela kanjani Venetsianov.

"Ekuseni Umninindawo" (1823)

Venetsianov indima njengoba umsunguli ukwehluka uhlobo ubuciko Russian akunakuphikwa. Omunye wabantu bokuqala wazama ukuziqhakambisa ubuhle ekhethekile bemvelo isiRashiya, kuvuleke indlela esizayo brilliant landscape umdwebi - Levitan, Shishkin, Kuindji Savrasov. Esikhathini portrait asibonise izinhlamvu esingavamile ngempela main - abantu ngamasiko esizwe. Kodwa poetizatsiya uhlobo lomkhuba kwaba ezintsha ikakhulukazi.

Kukholakala ukuthi namaqhawekazi umdwebo wakhe master wenza umkakhe - UMarta Afanasevnu - futhi serf wakhe amantombazane. Lokhu kuchaza nomuzwa ofudumele kwandile lezi zinto ngendwangu. Akukho udweshu phakathi inkosikazi nezinceku zakhe kwezigqila - kungcono kakhulu njenge-yesehlakalo umndeni lapho amantombazane isithunzi sabo nobuhle ezolile. Ayikho indima ezingabalulekile kangako udlalwa imvelo ifilimu: ngothando ebhaliwe ephuma okuqukethwe elingaphakathi - kunazo yesiteleka - soft, kodwa namanje ugcwalise ukukhanya.

"Zakharkov" (1825)

izingane ongumlimi - njalo izinhlamvu ekumeni futhi imidwebo uhlobo, okuyinto wabhala Venetsianov yena. Ukudweba "Sleeping uMalusi", "Lawa batkin kanye dinner", "Yalusani uphondo" zibonisa akuzona izingane amakherubi ehlukaniswe nemizimba izithombe nemidwebo zakudala - a izinhlamvu agcwele nge uhlamvu ayo, uhlangabezana imizwelo enamandla ayingxenye nokuvumelana jikelele. Njalo is Zakharkov - protagonist we umdwebo Venetsianov. Nge igama nencazelo imisebenzi enjalo ngokuhlangenwe umculi Ungaqonda ubizo lakhe nguthishela, okuyinto zashiya izibazi in umdwebo Russian.

Wazibuza ngekusasa serfs abanamakhono abantwana abazalwa, lapho ebona umfana egcekeni uzama ukuyichazela okuthile wokulinganisa ebhodini. "Venetsianov esikoleni" Ngokushesha lokhu wazalwa. Ngaphezu ukufunda amakhono mkhakha umculi, wanika ongumlimi izingane indawo yokuhlala, ukudla futhi banisela kubo, abaningi wazama ukuthenga zaya ehlathini. Phakathi abafundi Venetsianov - genius UGrigory Soroka nabaculi mayelana 70, abaningi babo abaye bathweswa iziqu eMoscow Academy of Fine Arts. imisebenzi yesikole kwenzeke naphezu kokuphikiswa kusukela izifundiswa olusemthethweni abangabhalisile ukhishwa isihloko Venetsianov art uthisha.

"Ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Summer "(182)

Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo ayikwazi ngokuthi ngokunganaki, kube njalo wagcwala lwemishikashika lezinhlupheko. Nezikulu ezingalindelekile kwaba sekupheleni wakhe - Alex Gavrilovic wabulawa ngo-1847 lapho ihhashi, usetshenziswe ukuba inqola yakhe, kungazelelwe wayethukile futhi ehluphekile, kanti wayezama ukubavimba, wawa endleleni.

Le ndoda emhlabeni, ngokuvumelana ubuhlobo bakhe bemvelo, nabo bonke nezwe elibazungezile - isihloko umculi Venetsianov Ingqikithi oyinhloko futhi ukubaluleka igalelo lakhe, okuyinto igama lakhe lihlonishwa Ongoti kanye nayizimfundamakhwela yokudweba Russian. Umdwebo obonisa ovunayo ku isizinda liyabonakala Russian landscape, kanye nokubaluleka isikhala - omunye vertices of umdwebi omkhulu Russian.