Soviet Russia: eminyakeni 1920

Ngo 1917-1918, kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziningi eziphawulekayo emhlabeni ibalazwe yezombusazwe. I abdication ka uNicholas II no kulandela izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kwalokho Okthoba Revolution kwaholela ekuweni koMbuso Wase-Russian kanye kumiswa ku Amanxiwa alo we isimo sezwe. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi yayihlukaniselwa-Austria-Hungary. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwadingeka imiphumela eyinhlekelele ukuze ngokuwa uthi esikhulu sezizwe ngezizwe - kuba akhanya nemiphumela yaso.

Soviet Russia: zeminyaka khona

Periodization letigaba zomlando yentuthuko izindawo, okuyinto akhiwa ngemva kokuwa koMbuso Wase-Russian, bekulokhu impikiswano njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha eside owaziwa "Russia namaSoviet". Iminyaka ye ekubeni khona kombuso okhethwe enjalo noma inhlangano indawo futhi ngokwebalazwe mlando ukuhlukanisa amaqembu ahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi isimo ngokuthi i-Russia Soviet khona kusukela ngo-October 1917 kuya ku-December 1922. Ikuphi ukucabanga kwabo? Kuze Okthoba 1917 lizwe kwadingeka Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona ukuvukela uMbuso futhi amaBolshevik athatha izintambo. Isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu kusukela phezulu kuya ku-1922 - isikhathi kumiswa isimo esisha esikhulu. Disemba 30, 1922 khona USSR waba semthethweni ngokomthetho ngokusebenzisa Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo.

Iqembu lezazi-mlando yesibili linombono wokuthi Russia phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet - kungcono umqondo ukuthi ihlanganisa yonke inkathi yomlando kusukela esikhathini Revolution kuya ekwindla ka-USSR ngo-1991. Kungani? Kukholakala ukuthi Soviet Russia, phakathi nokuba khona kwamakamu okuyinto Zisabangela impikiswano mlando, lena ohlanga efanayo, okuyinto ubutha indawo zinhlanga alien.

Isimo sezombusazwe eRussia esikhathini kusuka 1917 kuya ku-1922

Lesi sikhathi lingachazwa ngokuthi omunye elinezinkathazo kakhulu emlandweni East Slavic esifundeni. Ngamagama zezombusazwe - ukungaqiniseki ephelele, ngoba yonke le minyaka, yaphela impi yombango eqhubekayo. Ukuchitheka abathintekayo abasekeli imibono ehlukene ezepolitiki, "red" (amaKhomanisi, ukunyakaza yesigaba sabasebenzi, kweyunithi ibutho iRed Army), "Guards White" (Abasekeli ukusabela monarchical, ibutho Jikelele Denikin nezinye ngabaholi bezempi), "izidlamlilo" (ukunyakaza Nestora Mahno). Yiqiniso, Makhno eside alwa ensimini ka-Ukraine yesimanje, kodwa ithonya imibono yabo futhi lasakazekela Russia uqobo. ukuphikiswa Political kwakulandelwa izibhelu sina lempi owabhubhisa human resources futhi wabhubhisa umnotho isimo.

Russia zaseSoviet iminyaka engu-20: isimo somnotho

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, noma kunalokho, ukuntula ephelele, u kuhlobane ngokuqondile isikhathi impi. Ngemva kokuwa kwamakhosi kanye izimpi ezalandela, amabhizinisi amaningi kwabhujiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu Communist Party kusukela ngo-1919, kwaqala ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo kweMpi kobuKhomanisi insalela. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kwenziwe nokuqedwa ephelele ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali, ukusungulwa kwezikhungo zezimboni, yokudliwa komhlaba we abalimi yokusanhlamvu esitokisini. Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuletha ummbila lendawo lalingase faka ingxenye ibutho njalo. Kuyacaca kuka kwakusongela abazihlelele ...

EU.SSR njengoba isimo

Soviet Russia - miphi iminyaka? Izazi-mlando abakazi ukuvumelana ngalolu daba, kodwa ezweni elisathuthuka kungaba abizwe kuphela ngemva kumiswa i-USSR. Khona-ke aphethwe ngowokuqala Five-Year Plan, i-New Yemfihlo Economic yethulwa. Yiqiniso, ngeke sikwazi ukusho ukuthi khudlwana inhlalakahle yomphakathi, kodwa into esemqoka - impi iphela futhi ekugcineni izwe wanqoba ukuzinza.

I-USSR kwamiswa njengoba Allied Amandla. Phakathi abasunguli Union yasayina isivumelwano, okuyinto eyaba amalungu RSFSR, Ukraine, eBelarus futhi Transcaucasian Socialist Republic. Ukuphatha umbuso kwaba zibukeke sihlanganisa isimiso kwamandla uxhumano (yokuntuleka wahlukanisa kwesiShayamthetho esiphezulu).

Amachibi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet Russian

Eminyakeni yokuqala amandla Soviet kwakheka uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele kahulumeni. The main steel isikhungo collegial - Amathiphu ezazikhona kokubili maphakathi nasensimini. UMkhandlu siqukethe abamele izinhlangano ezinkulu komphakathi - izinyunyana, amakomiti endaweni yokukhanda. Ikakhulu izidumbu ukuphathwa sabaphathi kwaba Zonke-Russian iCongress of namaSoviet. Yiqiniso, ukuthi akuzange kusebenze sonke isikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kwakungekho congresses, imisebenzi yayo babelwa Zonke-Russian Central Executive Committee. Samuntu lokhu amandla ilungelo isinyathelo zomthetho kwaba oPhethe Yabantu Commissars (uhulumeni).

Ngemva kuka-1922 kwaba noshintsho kancane kancane, ngoba izitho party zitholakala endaweni yokuqala ohlelweni amandla. Nakuba esemthethweni Soviet Russia, phakathi kwempahla okuyinto kwakuseza, uhlala ezweni amaSoviet, kodwa ngempela ekuqaleni kwazo lonke ekuphileni zezombusazwe nezenhlalo iba VIP esikhathini (b).

Inqubomgomo angaphandle Soviet Russia in the 1920,

amaBolshevik kubhekwe nokukhishwa inguquko sezenhlalo, abangababi bemisebenzi yaso eyinhloko enkundleni ngamazwe emhlabeni wonke. Kulesi ensimini ngo-1918 kwaba ukwazi impumelelo abanye (inguquko German).

izinkomba ezintathu inqubomgomo angaphandle zingahlukaniswa zibe neminyaka yokuqala Soviet Russia:

• ukusayinwa Brest-Litovsk ukuthula sivumelwano;
• ekulweni kokungenela ahlomile endaweni eJalimane futhi abameleli Entente;
• Rapallo Treaty ngo-1924.

isiphetho

Ukuphela 1910s-1920 babe yezwe kunzima kakhulu. Kwakudingekile ukuba unqobe lapho kubhujiswa lesi impi futhi baqala ukwakha umphakathi omusha ngokwezenhlalo. Kodwa ngisho lokhu angeke ulungisisa ukweqisa eziye uzibophezele nguhulumeni ngesikhathi kusuka ngo-1918 kuya 1921 (neMpi kobuKhomanisi requisitioning). Nge ukuphothulwa entsha Union State ngo-1922 kancane kancane waqala ukuthuthukisa impilo, okwaholela anikezwe nenkululeko ethile ingcindezi labantu.