Isivumelwano sokuthula Rapallo

Entente ahlinzekwa Russia ngo-1921, wahlanganyela kube nomhlangano wamazwe omhlaba, ngenhloso owawungumnyaka ukuxazulula ingxabano phezu izimangalo kwezomnotho lamazwe aseNtshonalanga ukuthi isimo Russian. Esimeni lapho kwemukelwa kwalamatleyimi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu balamukele olusemthethweni Soviet Russia. Le ngqungquthela lavulwa ngo Genoa ekuqaleni kuka-April. amazwe Samashumi Amabili Nesishiyagalolunye wathatha ingxenye uma kwenzeka. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka England, Russia, eJalimane, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe.

izimfuno ahlangene amandla Western eRussia ayehlaselwa ukuze uvale isikhala isikhathi kanye tsarist uhulumeni izikweletu (ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-nesishiyagalombili igolide), ukubuya impahla uhulumeni nge amaBolshevik esifundeni entshonalanga ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe aseNtshonalanga yafuna ukuqedwa we esinakho namanye amazwe, kuvulele dolobha angaphandle, kanye ukumisa ze Yokuvukela uthi yabo.

Besabela kuleso simemo, uHulumeni waseSoviet yafuna isinxephezelo umonakalo odalwe kokungenela angaphandle ngesikhathi kulwiwa (ruble amathathu bhiliyoni ayisishiyagalolunye), ukuhlinzeka ukubambisana kwezomnotho olunzulu ngesisekelo ukubolekisa eside kwezincwadi eNtshonalanga. Phakathi kwezimfuneko ukubeka phambili kwaba ukwamukelwa Uhlelo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Ukwehla kwezinga labantu yezikhali kanye nokuvimbela yezindlela zobuqaba kakhulu zempi.

Ngakho, uma sicabangela zokungazimiseli mutual ukuya ebucayini zezombusazwe, izingxoxo zifika kwangqingetshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba sekube nesicelo yokuhlukanisa phakathi amandla Western ngesikhathi kuqhubeka ingqungquthela. Ukucasuka we Entente uthi ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemiphumela emihlanganweni kwakuba buhlungu nakakhulu ngempumelelo isicelo amaqhinga umdlalo amaBolshevik 'ku kuwukuphikisana phakathi ebumbene. "

Phakathi kwe-sessions plenary omhlangano Apreli 14, 1922 emaphethelweni Genoa, uNgqongqoshe Foreign German Rathenau kanye Yabantu Commissar eMnyangweni wezangaPhandle Chicherin, Soviet Russia ngemvume isivumelwano zamazwe amabili (iSivumelwano Rapallo) ku ekunqanyulweni mutual izidingo lokuqoka. Ukuyekelela kuhlanganisiwe waiver of yokulungisa umonakalo izimangalo, kanye nokubuyiselwa enobudlelwane nawo. Ngokungena ngemvume iSivumelwano Rapallo, Russia Soviet lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-eJalimane, de jure (ngokomthetho).

Ngenxa isimo nzima yayo ezomnotho nezombusazwe, Germany waphoqeleka ukuba abambisane Russia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSivumelwano Rapallo enze imisebenzi Lenin ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwababusi amazwe zama-Capitalist.

Kamuva, ngo-1924, banesithakazelo kakhulu ubudlelwane ukuhweba neRussia, eNgilandi lokuqala ekugunyazeni wayeziqaphela khona likahulumeni waseSoviet. kamuva Isibonelo sakhe kulandele France, Italy futhi eminye imibuso yezwe.

Ngokungangabazeki, iSivumelwano Rapallo kwakuyisinyathelo esidinga yimpumelelo nakwezombusazwe Soviet Russia. Ngenxa ukusayinwa kuchithwa eJalimane, amazwe aseNtshonalanga akakwazi yakha isikhundla esihlanganisiwe empikiswaneni ukubuya impahla uhulumeni waseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwenqaba kukahulumeni eMoscow kulezo Kulindeleke by the Versailles iSivumelwano le yokulungisa umonakalo share eJalimane ukuze acekele phansi isikhundla uhulumeni waseFrance, okuyinto babefuna ukuba la Berlin yokulungisa umonakalo izinkokhelo uqhubeke.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivumelwano Rapallo kwaba nemiphumela akubalulekile futhi okungekuhle. Nge ukusayina yakhe waqala nokubambisana Russian nesiJalimane ngesisekelo antiversalskoy. izibopho Military-technical, kwezomnotho kanye namasiko phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili aqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni ilunga Russian-German ukuqeqeshwa-ezempi. Phakathi Germany neRussia, ngaphakathi spite of Versailles uvala nokubambisana imfihlo usumisiwe, eyathatha kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika amaNazi.

ISivumelwano Rapallo-1922 yafaka France isizathu sokwesaba ubudlelwane Russian-German.