Wayengubani umsunguli wokuqala emsakazweni?

NJENGOBA Popov - umsunguli we umsakazo, okungaba yokuziqhenya ngayo izwe lethu. Waqale waqala ukutadisha amagagasi kagesi, ngisho Uthisha wahlabeka izifundo ezifanele for izikhulu. It Popov uthole ukusebenza elektrovolnam evulekile Hertz. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe lokuqala ososayensi baqala ne ukuphindaphinda zokuhlolwa owathola ezaziwayo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Popov yasungulwa ngendlela ebucayi kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa ukuthola amagagasi kagesi. Idivayisi, okuyinto Wayebe esenza le njongo, uye ngokuthi "coherer", futhi yayibukeka njengesikhonyane tube ingilazi egcwele metal shavings. Ngaphakathi kuwo ezibekwe electrode amabili. On nokuxhumana ugesi kanye metal ekhiqizwa kwakugcwele wonke isimiso kokusunguliwe. Nokho, ukuthuthukisa umphumela zaba ngezikhathi nithintithe tube ukuze sawdust hhayi soldered ndawonye. Ukuze ahlale ekhiqiza le nqubo ngesandla, NJENGOBA Popov baba kudivayisi CONTACT-ukusetshenziswa. Ngemva kwalokho, kukhona isidingo sokuqinisa isenzo coherer. phansi Scientific omunye electrode, kanti eyesibili wazibuza yona futhi enamathiselwe ucezu wire. Kusukela antenna wokuqala yasungulwa for reception engenantambo. Yamanje kagesi kancane okusikhumbuza okusunguliwe nososayensi, kodwa isimiso wezenzo zazo cishe akakashintshi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle indlela yokulawula imithombo yamandla ezifana manje isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezifana amadivaysi Semiconductor.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi umsunguli odumile umsakazo Popov, njengengqalabutho kuphela nathi. EMelika, isibonelo, ibizwa ngokuthi igama elihlukile - G. Marconi. Kugcine ngempela waba ngubaba ukuba umsakazo kodwa ngomqondo kwezohwebo. Waqale kusungulwa ukukhiqizwa radio wathumba iningi emakethe, kuyilapho yethu, usosayensi Russian wasebenza ngokucophelela kakhudlwana futhi ekujaheni ukuhoxisa "eluhlaza" okusungulile ayesekhona ayezosetshenziswa umphakathi. Kuyacaca ukuthi Popov, ngokungafani nozakwethu bezentengiselwano, bakhuthalela kungekho siqu yokuthengisa imigomo. Usosayensi wayefuna ukwenza radio atholakalayo, ukubeka indlela yakhe ngenkonzo yaso sonke isintu. Impikiswano ku bokuphakama abaqambi ungayeki ngoba engaphezu kweyikhulu. Nakuba empeleni kuyoba okufanelekile ukuba singaphethi iphayona kweqiniso emkhakheni we Heinrich Hertz eyathola amagagasi kagesi futhi indlela yokudlulisela noma ibanga.

Umsunguli wendlela umsakazo phathelana owasungulwa ngo-1895. Ngokuqondene nosuku afika ngalo, lapha ngokuthi izinombolo ezimbili. Kungaba inembile inkulumo ethi umcimbi okukhulu kuye kwenzeka Meyi eyesikhombisa isitayela esisha. Lapho ukuthi le nombolo ibizwa ngokuthi, izincwadi eziningi nama-encyclopedia. Ngalolu suku, umsunguli kwethu umsakazo okokuqala wabonisa inzalo yabo ososayensi nabo emhlanganweni Petersburg. Khona-ke eyokuqala ukudluliswa isignali zomphakathi lwenziwe, ibanga kwamamitha angu-60. Kusukela ngoMeyi 7 lugujwa minyaka yonke eRussia njengoba Radio Day, iholide kuwo wonke umuntu owenza embonini nezokuxhumana.

Popov - umsunguli we umsakazo, ku nowabaprofethi baye esekelwe umsebenzi wabo onjiniyela lempi. Labo abantu ngokuyinhloko zenani hhayi usheshise emiphumeleni ophumelelayo izinga siyiqiniso kokusungulwa sokugcina. Uphawu embonini lempi kuye kwaba okubalulekile njalo, futhi ngezinga elingakanani into eza kuqala, elibuye anda ukubaluleka umsebenzi ososayensi bethu. Nokho, Ekuqaleni, uhla isignali ayiyinhle. kodwa NJENGOBA Popov njalo esebenzela kuyo, ekuthuthukiseni indlela yakhe. Eyokuqala elide ukudluliswa wakwazi ukunqoba embundwini 250 amamitha. Ngokushesha ngemva zokukhwabanisa ophikelelayo, usosayensi uye baphumelele enkulu nakakhulu - 600 metres. Phakathi aqondisa eyenziwa Sea Fleet, usosayensi inhlolo-vo waphinda emphakathini. Ezenye ngokokuqala babe emangalisa - 20 km. Umbhikisho wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1899. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili Popov ngakwazi ukuletha indlela yakhe ukuba adlulisele amasignali omsakazo uhla 150. Kwatholakala ukuthi isiginali kungenzeka futhi ngocingo. Ngesikhathi, sibonga umsebenzi abadobi usosayensi, lost on i floe ice eGulf of Finland atholakele. Ngakho, nge insindiso amadoda, eseqala umsebenzi esiwusizo okusungulile emangalisayo Popov. Ngokushesha waqala ukwethulwa zokuxhumana umsakazo kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila, kuhlanganise ngezinjongo ezempi - ukuze imikhumbi kanye ibutho Russian.