Gerts Genrih: Biography, okutholwe yisayensi

Kuwo wonke umlando yesayensi bathole okuningi. Nokho, a ngcosana of them kuphela, kufanele babhekane nazo nsuku zonke. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukucabanga zokuphila kwanamuhla ngaphandle owenza Gerts Genrih uRudolf.

Lokhu physics isiJalimane, kwaba umsunguli Dynamics futhi wabonakala emhlabeni ukuba khona amagagasi kagesi. Kuyinto ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe, sisebenzisa TV nasemsakazweni, okuyinto ama aqine emphilweni wonke umuntu.

umndeni

Genrih Gerts wazalwa ngo 02/22/1857 Uyise - Gustav - ubunjalo nemisebenzi yabo isazimthetho, ngemuva kokwenyuka kuya Hamburg idolobha lephalamende, lapho umndeni owahlala khona. Umama womfana - Shwi Awugustu. Yayiyindodakazi we umsunguli edumile Cologne ebhange. Kuwufanele ethi kulesi sikhungo namanje obusayo eJalimane. Henry kwaba Siphesihle izibulo futhi Gustav. Kamuva, lo mkhaya waya abafana abathathu nentombazane eyodwa.

izinsuku School

Ngiseyingane, Genrih Gerts esengumfana bebuthakathaka futhi bexhwalile. Yingakho akakuthandanga imidlalo ongaphandle futhi umzimba. Kodwa uHenry ngentshiseko enkulu ukufunda izincwadi ezihlukahlukene futhi wafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela ukuqeqeshwa memory. Kukhona amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo Biography of the usosayensi esizayo, abathi umfana wakwazi ngokuzimela ukufunda Arabhu futhi isi-Sanskrit.

I bazali babekholelwa ukuthi abo-owamazi ngabe qiniseka ummeli esenyukele ku ezinyathelweni zikayise. Lo mfana eyanikezwa emhlanganweni Hamburg School. Wayelapho utadisha umthetho. Nokho, omunye amazinga yokufunda esikoleni yaqala ukunikela amakilasi e-physics. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izithakazelo uHenry kwashintsha ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, abazali bakhe abazange singaphoqi luhlolo icala lomthetho. Bavumela umfana ukuthola ukubizwa kwakhe ekuphileni, futhi idluliselwe ukuba sokuzivocavoca. Ngezimpelasonto, uHenry wafunda School of yezandla. A esiningi umfana wachitha imidwebo yakhe, ukutadisha wokubaza. Njengoba wesikole, wathatha uhambo emzamweni wakhe wokuqala ukwakha amathuluzi kanye apharathasi lapho kutadishwa imihlola ngokomzimba. Konke lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi ingane igijime olwazini.

studentship

Ngo-1875, Genrih Gerts lathola isitifiketi kamatikuletsheni. Lokhu wamnika ilungelo ukungena eyunivesithi. Ngo-1875 wathuthela Dresden, lapho owaba umfundi we Technical College. Ekuqaleni, ukutadisha ngale isikhungo bathandile nsizwa. Nokho, maduzane nje, Genrih Gerts waqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wobunjiniyela sika - kwakungeyona ukubizwa kwakhe. Umfana ngiyeka esikoleni ngiya eMunich, lapho wangeniswa ngqo onyakeni enyuvesi yesibili.

Indlela yesayensi

Njengoba umfundi, uHenry waqala ukubabela ucwaningo. Kodwa ngokushesha le nsizwa aqaphela ukuthi ulwazi etholakale kule nyuvesi salokhu akwanele. Yingakho, ngemva kokwamukela idiploma, wathuthela Berlin. Lapha, enhlokodolobha yase Germany, uHeinrich owaba umfundi eyunivesithi ngayofuna umsebenzi esebenza njengomdwebi umsizi endaweni yokucwaninga Germana Gelmgoltsa. Lona zesayensi elikhulu isikhathi waphawula insizwa abanamakhono. Ngokushesha phakathi kwazo wamisa yibuphi ubuhlobo obuhle, okuyinto kamuva ihlanganiswe ne hhayi kuphela ubungane obuseduze kodwa futhi ukubambisana ngokwesayensi.

zobudokotela kwezemibhalo

Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso physics esidumile Hertz bavikela mqondo akhe futhi waba uchwepheshe waqaphela emkhakheni electrodynamics. Kuyinto kule isiqondiso Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi etholakale eliyisisekelo immortalize igama usosayensi.

Ngaleyo minyaka ayizange wafunda noma ensimini kagesi noma kazibuthe. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona uketshezi elula. Okuthiwa abe inertia, lapho umqhubi uyafika uya kagesi.

Genrih Gerts olwenziwa ucwaningo eziningi. Nokho, imiphumela emihle ukuhlonza inertia ekuqaleni kwakungasebenzeki etholwe kuye. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1879 ucwaningo kwakhe, wathola umklomelo we-University of Berlin. Lo mklomelo usekhonze njengephayona isisusa esinamandla ukuqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe. Imiphumela zokuhlolwa yesayensi Hertz kamuva kwakheka isisekelo mqondo. 5. 02.1880 Ukuvikelwa walo wawenziwe ekuqaleni career ye usosayensi osemusha ngesikhathi kwagcwaliseka iminyaka engu-32. Hertz ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele zobudokotela kwezemibhalo, I diploma noma beqeda Berlin University udumisa.

Manual laboratory siqu

Genrih Gerts, ogama biography njengoba usosayensi akuphelanga ku ukuvikela ocwaningeni, isikhathi, ngaqhubeka nezifundo zakhe theory e-Institute of Physics, etholakala e-University of Berlin. Nokho, ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi wayengumuntu ezingasho sebeqala ukuheha ucwaningo.

Ngo-1883, ngokutusa kuka-the Helmholtz usosayensi zentsha zathola iposi elisha. Waba likaprofesa e Kiel. Eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemva kwalokhu aphoyintimenti, Herz ukhushuliwe UProfesa Physics, waqala umsebenzi wakhe emzini Karlsruhe, lapho kwakukhona khona Ephakeme Technical School. Hertz yisikhathi sokuqala wathola laboratory ayo zokuhlola, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola inkululeko zokudala futhi ikhono ukubhekana ucwaningo yayo ezithakazelisayo. Isiqondiso eyinhloko ukucwaninga kwesayensi kuye kwehluleka abe mkhakha wocwaningo okusheshayo oscillations kagesi. Lawa kwakungamadodana imibuzo Hertz esebenza, kuyilapho usengumfundi.

Ngo Karlsruhe uHenry washada. u-Elisabethe umkakhe baba Doll.

ubufakazi Ukutholakala okutholwe yisayensi

Naphezu umshado, usosayensi Genrih Gerts akazange amshiye imisebenzi yabo. Waqhubeka afeze yocwaningo inertia. Ocwaningweni lwakhe yesayensi yayisekelwe Hertz theory ukubeka phambili uMaxwell, owawuthi Isivinini ngamagagasi omsakazo kufanele kube efana ngejubane lokukhanya. Esikhathini kusuka 1886 kuya 1889. Hertz olwenziwa ucwaningo eziningi kulesi siqondiso. Ngenxa yalokho, usosayensi uye wazibonakalisa ukuba khona amagagasi kagesi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ucwaningo zabo physics abasha asebenzisa imishini yokukhulisa bakudala, wakwazi ukuthola imiphumela kuyindaba eqakathekileko. Umsebenzi Hertz baba hhayi kuphela isiqinisekiso khona amagagasi kagesi. Izazi zesayensi ziye zakhomba futhi ijubane esiphelweni sabo, kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona nekucabangisisa.

Genrih Gerts, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo okuyinto kwakheka isisekelo electrodynamics yesimanje, lithole lenqwaba imiklomelo ehlukahlukene kulo msebenzi wakhe. Phakathi kwabo:
- Baumgartner Award, wethulwa Vienna Academy;
- wasebusika. Matteucci, eyethulwe Society of Sciences e-Italy;
- Prize Paris Academy of Sciences;
- Order Japanese we Igugu Engcwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sonke siyazi Hertz - iyunithi imvamisa yaqanjwa iphayona abadumile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uHenry waba ilungu ohambelana we zezifundiswa wesayensi waseRoma, Berlin, eMunich Vienna. Lawo maqiniso, okwakwenza usosayensi, a eliyigugu ngempela. Ngenxa yokuthi Genrih Gerts wathola, ezisunguliwe, ezifana engenantambo yocingo, umsakazo nethelevishini, kamuva owaba kukghonakale ngesintu. Futhi namhlanje, ngaphandle kwabo akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ezimpilweni zethu. A hertz - iyunithi yokukala ijwayelekile ngamunye wethu esikoleni.

Ukutholakala umphumela Photoelectric

Kusukela 1887, ososayensi baqala ukucabanga kabusha imibono yabo theory mayelana nohlobo ukukhanya. Kwathi sibonga ucwaningo Genriha Gertsa. Ngomsebenzi nge umgodi ovulekile, physics esidumile, waveza ukuthi uma zikhanyiswa nge ultraviolet fuses lula kakhulu ukudlula ube yinhlansi phakathi kwazo. Lo mphumela sithombe licwebile by Russian physics A. G. Stoletovym e 1888-1890 GG. Kwatholakala ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa nokususwa kwensimbi evele ugesi ezimbi ngenxa ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni ultraviolet.

Genrih Gerts - physics, wathola lo mkhuba (kwaba kamuva wachazela Albertom Eynshteynom), okuyinto namuhla kabanzi art. Ngakho, umphumela Photoelectric esekelwe isenzo photocells, kuyinto lapho kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ugesi elangeni. Amadivayisi anjalo ehambisana ikakhulu mayelana isikhala, lapho kungekho ezinye izinhlobo zamandla. Futhi ngosizo nama-solar nge ifilimu ubuye udlalelwe umsindo orekhodiwe. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke.

Namuhla, ososayensi baye bafunda sihlanganise nama-solar kanye edluliselwe, esiye saholela ukudalwa ezihlukahlukene "babona" imishini. Lezi amadivayisi akwazi ngokuzenzakalela evulekile avale umnyango, cisha bese uvula izibani, ngemihlobo kwezinto, nokunye. D.

meteorology

Lo mkhakha wesayensi Hertz njalo nganginesifiso esijulile sokuya. Nakuba usosayensi meteorology ngokujulile uphenyo, wabhala ezihlokweni eziningi nesihloko. Lokhu kwaba yinkathi lapho esebenza e Berlin physics Helmholtz umsizi. Futhi, izifundo ziye olwenziwa Hertz phezu ukuhwamuka uketshezi, ekutholweni izakhiwo ngaphansi izinguquko adiabatic air olumanzi, ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi amasha ingcaca kanye hygrometer.

contact Mechanics

I Hertz ethandwa kakhulu alethwe nokwatholakala in electrodynamics. Ngo 1881-1882 GG. isazi banyathelisa izihloko ezimbili isihloko contact Mechanics. Lo msebenzi kwakubaluleke kakhulu. It kwaholela imiphumela, zonke esekelwe ithiyori zasendulo kuyaqina kanye continuum Mechanics. Ukuthuthukisa lo mbono Hertz okuqhubekisela Newton izindandatho okuyinto akhiwa ngokubheja kwi lens ingilazi sithombe. Kuze kube manje, lo mbono kancane elibuyekeziwe, futhi kusekelwe wonke imodeli ekhona ukudluliswa contact in isibikezelo imingcele nanosdvigov.

Spark umsakazo Hertz

Lokhu okusungulile kwaba usosayensi eyandulela dipole lukamakhalekhukhwini. Radio Hertz sidaliwe kusuka eyodwa baphendukela inductor futhi capacitor we eyindilinga, okuyinto ushiywe lamashumi inhlansi emoyeni. Idivayisi wafakwa mnyama ibhokisi physics. Lokhu kwasenza sakwazi ukubona kangcono inhlansi. Nokho, lokhu okwenzeka Genriha Gertsa selukhombisile ukuthi ebhokisini inhlansi is kakhulu ziyancipha. Khona-ke usosayensi isuswe ifasitelana ngengilazi ukuthi yafakwa phakathi umamukeli bese umthombo amagagasi kagesi. ubude inhlansi ngesikhathi esifanayo lenyuke. Yini eyabangela lokhu mkhuba, Hertz akazange abe nesikhathi ukuchaza.

Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela, sibonga ekuthuthukiseni isayensi, okutholwe yisayensi ziye ayiqondakali kahle abanye futhi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukuzalwa "Inkathi engenantambo." Ngokuvamile, bonke ucwaningo wachaza Hertz nokwehlukana kagesi, kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona, reflection, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nesivinini, okuyinto abonise amagagasi kagesi.

uvumelanise umphumela

Ngo 1892, ngesisekelo ucwaningo lwabo Hertz wabonisa ukudlula cathode imisebe ngokusebenzisa ucwecwe mncane ezenziwe metal. Lokhu "ugongolo umphumela" waba ngokugcwele liphenywa umfundi we-physics omkhulu Filipom Lenardom. Wabuye ithuthukiswe imfundiso yokuziphendukela tube cathode futhi wafundelwa Ukungena kwama-X ray materials ahlukahlukene. Konke lokhu yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo kokusungulwa enkulu, okuyinto kabanzi namuhla. Kwakuwusuku ukutholakala kwama-X ray, zavela usebenzisa theory kagesi ekukhanyeni.

Imemori usosayensi omkhulu

Ngo 1892, Hertz wahlupheka migraine sina, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi lesi sifo kwabanye. Academic eziqhutshwa izikhathi eziningana, ukuzama ukuqeda lesi sifo. Nokho, lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amathathu-nesithupha Gerts Genrih Rudolf washona ngenxa yegazi elinobuthi. physics esidumile abasebenza umsebenzi wakhe "Izimiso Bezobunjiniyela okushiwo Uxhumano elisha" ukuze ezinsukwini zokugcina kakhulu. Kule ncwadi Hertz wazama ukwenza umqondo lokho abakutholile, ukukhomba izindlela ukutadisha imihlola kagesi.

Ngemva kokufa umsebenzi usosayensi sika yaqedwa futhi uzilungiselele ukushicilelwa Germanom Gelmgoltsem. Esanduleleni sale ncwadi, uJehova wayekhomba yokuthi Hertz kwaba abanamakhono kakhulu abafundi bakhe, futhi kwasivulela kamuva ukunquma ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi. La mazwi ayenencazelo engokwesiprofetho. Isithakazelo okutholwe yisayensi wabonakala abacwaningi kakade eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Futhi ekhulwini lama-20 esekelwe umsebenzi Hertz kwaqala ukuthuthukisa cishe zonke izindawo ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu physics zanamuhla.

Ngo-1925, i-kokutholakala imithetho ukushayisana ka-electron kanye sesayensi athomu uMklomelo KaNobel. Ngathola umshana wakhe, le-physics omkhulu - Gustav Ludwig Hertz. Ngo-1930, i-International Electrotechnical Commission yokutholwa iyunithi entsha nesilinganiso izinhlelo. Waba Hertz (Hz). Lokhu imvamisa elihambisana eyodwa inkathi oscillation for yesibili elilodwa.

Ngo-1969 on ensimini yeMpumalanga Jalimane yamisa yesikhumbuzo kubo. H. Hertz. Ngo-1987, indondo esasungulwa Heinrich Hertz IEEE. umklomelo wayo wango esenzelwe ezifezwayo emkhakheni lokuhlolwa futhi imfundiso kungekho amagagasi. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Hertz ngokuthi ngisho wentaba kwenyanga ukuthi itholakala emva onqenqemeni esempumalanga nendikimba ethile esemkhathini.