Zizalela isilwane: Izindlela eziyinhloko

izilwane Ngokuzalanisa yavela eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 30 BC, kanye nokuthuthukiswa inqubo ukufuywa kwamakamela zilwane zasendle. Ekuqaleni abantu esetshenziswa okuthiwa Ukukhetha equlekile ngokukhetha labo bantu ababephikisa engcono ukuzwana nomuntu kungase kusize, sibe uhlobo lithambe, walalela futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, akwazi ukuqhubeka uhlanga lwakhe zizalela eyisithunjwa.

Around 9000 BC abantu baqala ngokucophelela ukhethe izilwane ngezimfanelo ezithile eziwusizo, okungukuthi, ngenkathi Ukukhetha methodical. Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa isitshalo futhi zizalela isilwane ngaphezulu umqondo evamile. Kodwa ukufuywa, njengoba indlela Ukukhetha, uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyafaneleka kulomkhakha noboya ukulima.

zizalela isilwane Ikakhulukazi

Kufanele ukhethe imfuyo ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa zokuzalanisa izitshalo. Okokuqala, abamele nezilwane siyakwazi nokuzala ngokobulili kuphela, okungukuthi nengxenye enkulu labantu eziphilayo heterozygous. Okwesibili, banalo isikhathi eside isikhathi ukuvuthwa. Izilwane ezincelisayo yizona evundile ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Isici sesithathu siwukuthi abamele nezilwane wenzalo incane kakhulu kunaleyo izitshalo.

Zonke lezi zici aye akha izindlela zizalela ekhethekile, hhayi umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya flora. Yiqiniso, izindlela eziyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa hybridization futhi Ukukhetha, ngasinda. Kodwa kukhona ngokuphelele izindlela ezingefani awusebenzi kulo izitshalo.

izindlela zizalela

Inbreeding noma inbreeding, kuveza izilwane ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa falling nomunye abafowethu nodadewethu noma zabazali nenzalo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ezifiselekayo ungaya e isimo homozygous. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufika ukulahlekelwa noma ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo ukusebenza zezinhlobo etholwe.

Beyizalaniselana, noma outbreeding liyadingeka ukuzizuzela ezidingekayo izimfanelo umuntu, atholakale kokubili izinhlobo. Ngenxa outbreeding yatholwa kohlobo enkulu amaningi abalulekile, njenge-white-Ukrainian asemaqeleni ingulube, elisuselwa isiphambano phakathi i-English White izingulube nge-Ukrainian izingulube purebred. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhethwa izilwane bavunyelwe ukuthola uhlobo zihlukaniswa mass esikhulu, wokuqukethwe lelisetulu amafutha, inyama, futhi linesizotha kakhulu.

Hybridization kuhilela Ukunqamula imibhangqwana abangabakhe zinhlobo ezahlukene. Le ndlela has kusimo enkulu: yonke inzalo oyinyumba. Kodwa ngisho le nkinga yokuzalanisa izilwane wayekunqoba. Isibonelo okuphawuleka hybridization umnyuzi, okuyinto isiphambano phakathi imbongolo mare. Mule kuyahluka okukhuthazela elikhulu futhi elimnandi bomoya imbongolo ihhashi.

Enye inqubo kuyinto insemination yokufakelwa. Isetshenziselwa ukuze uthole njengoba abaningi inzalo nomakhi ethile.

Enye ezintsha nezithakazelisayo kakhulu indlela - umbungu ukufakelwa. Kusekelwe a imisebenzi yezokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi uma kudingeka insikazi yokwelapha i-hormone ukwandisa isibalo amaqanda. Khona-ke iqanda is avundiswa, imibungu ziyasuswa, okunikeza lift kwezinye izilwane, enza indima nomama wesivumelwano, noma simisiwe ezingeni lokushisa 273 s. Khona-ke bangakwazi ligcinwe isikhathi eside, ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa esikhathini esizayo.

Ngakho, ukukhethwa kwezilwane ukuzixazulula yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu sonke isintu - inkinga yokuthola ukudla, ukudla. Isayensi yanamuhla ikuvumela izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ukuthi ngokuyinhloko ukwanelisa izidingo zabantu. Futhi isayensi neze sisesenjalo.