Uyini interphase, noma ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu lomjikelezo cell

Uyini interphase? Igama elithi lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin "kokunye" lisho ukuthi "phakathi" kanye esiGrekini "kugcizelelwa kokubaluleka" - isikhathi. Lena inkathi ezibucayi lapho iseli luyakhula futhi aqoqana izakhi belungiselela division esilandelayo. Interphase usesikhundleni iningi umjikelezo cell, futhi u-90% wonke amaseli ukuphila ziwele phezu kwayo.

Uyini interphase

Njengomthetho, iningi izingxenye amaseli eyakhelwe kulo lonke isigaba, ngakho ukwaba ke ezinye izigaba umuntu kunzima. Noma kunjalo izazi zezinto eziphilayo interphase yizinqamu ezintathu, sokuqondiswa phezu ukufanisana ka-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ku kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana.

Izinkathi interphase: Isigaba G (1), esigabeni S, isigaba G (2). isikhathi Presynthetic (G1), ogama lakhe livela IsiZulu Gap, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "isikhawu", iqala ngokushesha ngemva division. Kuyinto isikhathi eside kakhulu, okuthatha amahora ayishumi kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kwakuphakathi wayenemfuyo izinto futhi Amalungiselelo kabili nesidoda okunikelwe: kuthathela zamagama RNA, ekhiqizwa amaprotheni adingekayo.

Uyini interphase esikhathini sakhe zokugcina? In isigaba presynthetic yenombolo elikhulayo ribosomes, okwandisa ndawo ubuso emangelengele reticulum endoplasmic futhi mitochondria avele entsha. Cell, izingilazi amandla amaningi ukhula ngokushesha.

amaseli umahluko isaba kungenzeka ukwabelana, basesimweni esigabeni yokuphumula ngokuthi G0.

Isikhathi eyinhloko interphase

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinqubo zenzeka endaweni iseli interphase, ngamunye subphases kubalulekile ukulungiswa jikelele ngoba mitosis. Nokho, inkathi zokwenziwa kungenziwa ngokuthi senguquko, ngoba kwakuphakathi Ama-chromosomes e yakhe kabili futhi ziqale ukwenza amalungiselelo ngokushesha ukwehlukana. RNA iqhubeka kwemiqondo, kodwa ngokushesha kuhambisana amaprotheni wama-chromosomes, DNA ukufanisana sokuqala.

Interphase amaseli kule ngxenye sithatha amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngamunye chromosome kakade kabili futhi siqukethe pair of udade chromatids, okuyinto ke washintsha esuka izinti lokuphotha mitotic. Esikhathini zokwenziwa isigaba, i-centrioles kuthiwa kabili uma Yebo, kukhona yezinyoni. Phakathi nale nkathi, chromosome kungenziwa akubonakali ngesibonakhulu.

isikhathi sesithathu

Chromatids Izakhi zofuzo nse, njengoba omunye wabo - umzali, kanti eyesibili - ziphindaphindwe usebenzisa isithunywa RNA.

Njengoba nje kwakukhona kabili egcwele impahla Imininingwane zofuzo iqala isikhathi postsynthetic ngaphambi division. Lokhu kulandelwa kumiswa microtubules kusukela okuzokwenziwa kamuva kwamiswa division othini lokuphotha kanye chromatids ngeke washintsha esuka izingongolo. Futhi egcinwe amandla, ngoba ngesikhathi mitosis zamagama kwezakhi kuyehla. Ubude besikhathi kwesikhathi postsynthetic uphansi, ngokuvamile kuphela kuthathe amahora ambalwa.

angabanjwa

Phakathi umjikelezo iseli iseli kumele zidlule uhlobo breakpoints - "uphawu" kubalulekile, ngemva kwalokho ihamba kwenye esiteji. Uma kwabanye isizathu amaseli ayikwazanga aphase okuseshwa kuzo, wonke izitobhi umjikelezo cell, isigaba esilandelayo Ngeke kuqale kuze kube isikhathi baze kuyaqedwa inkinga uvinjelwe ukuba badlule.

Zikhona amaphuzu amane eziyinhloko, amaningi awo nje ekusebenzisaneni. Eyokuqala ukulawula iphuzu kuseli sihamba isigaba presynthetic, uma yayinjalo isheke-DNA. Uma konke kuyiqiniso, ke iqala zokwenziwa isikhathi. It nokubuyisana iphuzu - kuyinto ukuhlola ukunemba DNA ukufanisana. Yokuhlola isigaba postsynthetic - kuyinto ukuze uhlole umonakalo noma ukweqa e amaphuzu amabili eyedlule. Kulesigaba futhi bangene ngezinga elingakanani ukufanisana livelile namaseli. Musa kulolu vivinyo abavunyelwe mitosis.

Imiraro interphase

Ukuphazamiseka lomjikelezo cell kungaholela hhayi kuphela ukwahluleka mitosis, kodwa futhi ekwakhekeni izimila okuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba omunye sezizathu esiyinhloko nesenzakalo yabo. Nokho dlala ukuthi kungenzeka, esijwayelekile ngesikhathi isigaba ngasinye, inquma kokuphothula izigaba okwalandela kanye ukungabikho izinkinga. Isimila cells Unezinguquko kuseli umjikelezo okuseshwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-cell kanye ezilimele DNA zamagama ingekho phakathi interphase. Kukhona izakhi zofuzo okuqondiswa ukuthi kuholele ekulahlekelweni noma izinguquko ezakhini zofuzo amaprotheni p53. Kumaseli akukho ukuvaleka umjikelezo cell kanye mitosis kuqala. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi zinamaphutha kuba inqwaba amaseli asabekayo, eziningi zazo azisizi. Nokho, labo elingakwazi ukusebenza, zisenza sibe amaseli abulalayo, okungase uhlukanise ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa ukuncishiswa noma ukungabi khona komuntu isigaba ukuphumula. Izici Zabantu interphase kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimila abulalayo akhiwa amangqamuzana asabekayo ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokushesha okukhulu kangaka.

Ubude interphase

Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zendlela okuningi emphilweni iseli kuthatha isikhathi interphase, kuqhathaniswa mitosis. Esikhathini epithelium emathunjini amancane amagundane abavamile "isigaba yokuphumula" kuthatha okungenani amahora angu-nambili, futhi mitosis Uthatha imizuzu 30 ihora. Amaseli akha lesi horsebean emgogodleni ihlukaniswe njalo emahoreni 25, no-M isigaba (mitosis) ithatha cishe ihora.

Uyini interphase kuseli msebenzi? Lena inkathi ezibucayi, ngaphandle kulo kwakungenakwenzeka mitosis hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi cell umsebenzi lilonke.