Kuyini lymphoma? Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, onalesi sifo, isinyathelo

Kuyini lymphoma? Lolu hlobo umdlavuza wegazi. Ngeshwa, inani izifo oncological manje lenyuka kakhulu. Sasiyini isizathu salokhu, akwaziwa. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke abasebenza baziqambela ikhambi umdlavuza. Nokho, it is ngokuphelele ukunqoba lesi sifo etholwe kuphela inombolo encane iziguli.

Kodwa ucwaningo akemi namanje. Ngasekuqaleni sitholakele "lymphoma" isibikezelo, enikezwa odokotela, kwaba ongenayo injabulo. Iziguli wahlala kungekho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1-3, kuye ngokuthi umzimba ngamanye. Manje amathuba okusinda kukhona okukhulu, iziguli eziningi zithola ngokwanele eside ukuthethelelwa (cishe iminyaka engu-10).

Lymphoma (Siyini ngempela lesi sifo, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi) kungathinta kabi noma isiphi isitho, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa uhlelo lymph. Lokhu ubende unesibopho ukuhlanzwa ngegazi, amalaka, ukuvikela ezifweni, umnkantsha, thymus nabanye. Ukuvuvukala Iziko kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa, kusukela cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi aqukethe izicubu lymph.

Ngakho, simazi kangcono isifo, izimpawu zako kanye nezindlela uphethwe. Lesi sihloko sibuye sibheke ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile lymphoma.

Kuyini lymphoma: umqondo jikelele

Omunye ezihlukahlukene isifo hematological kuyinto lymphoma. Kumiswa It is in the izicubu lymph, ukukhuluma bese kuba khona ukuvuvukala isici. Nge amangqamuzana amhlophe isimila enjalo igazi liguquke bese eqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Ama-lymphocyte babe ongafi, okuholela yabo. Basuke kancane kancane esikhundleni zonke egazi. Lokhu, kuthinta umsebenzi wonke izitho zangaphakathi. Lymphoma nesineke ngokushesha azizwa ukucobeka futhi ukhathele ngokushesha. Izimpawu zokuqala kulezi iziguli zingase kudingeke wandiswe lymph node, ngaleyo ndlela akukhona ngempela ubuhlungu. Phakathi isifo sabo kuthinta amaqembu ahlukene:

• inguinal;
• intamo;
• axillary.

Lymphoma, ngokungafani izimila okuqinile, akuyona kuphela bakwazi iyakhula, kodwa futhi ukusakaza wonke umzimba, ukwakha izilonda ambalwa ukuvuvukala. Le nqubo yenziwa ngemithambo yegazi nezicubu kohlelo lymph.

Lymphoma - Siyini ngempela lesi sifo? Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ngobuqili bayo. Ezinye zezinto eziphilayo yayo labo abazokwazi emabangeni kokuqala kwenzeka asymptomatic ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu kuholela nokulahlekelwa isikhathi esibalulekile lapho omunye onganqoba cishe ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Kwezokwelapha, lo mdlavuza ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: lymphoma-non-Hodgkin sika nezifo Hodgkin sika. Ngezansi sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngamunye wabo.

ngezigaba

Nokho, lymphomas ebulalayo, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza babe ngokwahlukana isinyathelo. esigabeni okunjalo kwenza odokotela ngokwanele ukunquma ngokunembile izinga lomonakalo. Futhi, lolu lwazi sisekelo sekutfutfuka ukwelashwa oluphelele, kuba esiteji kuzoncika izindlela emzabalazweni lymphoma futhi zibeka izidakamizwa.

Ngokuvamile, kuba nomphumela isimila ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa sihluke kakhulu izindlela ezisetshenziswa amafomu eziphambili. Isigaba sokuqala nesesibili kubhekwa zendawo, okungukuthi, lesi sifo singazange sande wonke umzimba, futhi eyinhloko isimila izilonda. Libhekene yesithathu neyesine ifomu metastases kanye nokusabalalisa. Basuke evamile ukubizwa ngokuthi ezivamile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yokwelapha lezi izigaba nzima impela, futhi iphesenti ezigulini afakiwe ukuthethelelwa eside, elincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke Kunconywa ngabe yikuphi hhayi uyephuza ukwelashwa uma kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo "lymphoma". Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa - indlela kuphela ukulwa izimila anomdlavuza esinyathelweni wesine, omunye akakwazi ukunika imiphumela emihle.

Izigaba sokuqala lesi sifo ihlukaniswa usebenzisa izinhlamvu:

• A - ukugeleza uphawu.
• B - ephelezelwa ebukhali kwesisindo, imfiva kanye causeless ukujuluka kakhulu, esizibonakalisa ebusuku.

Isiteji kanye nencazelo yabo

• Isigaba sokuqala.

Lona ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa yesimila. Ngokuvamile, ngalesi sikhathi lesi sifo uwukubonakaliswa omunye focus ukuvuvukala, okubandakanya eyodwa kuphela endaweni-lymph. Lapho kuhlolwa kulesigaba inikezwa ukwelashwa mnene, okunikeza amathuba okusinda cishe 80% eziguli.

• Eyesibili esiteji.

Kulesi sigaba yentuthuko lymphoma isinyathelo 2 bangase bafinyelele izilonda engaphezu kwemibili isimila ehilela ezindaweni eziningi ze-lymph node, kodwa isifo singakabi ngaphesheya thorax noma esiswini, kuye ngokuthi lapho isimila eyinhloko. Kulo sinyathelo, isimila ingelapheka ngempumelelo.

• Isigaba sesithathu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha zamangqamuzana omdlavuza eziye zasakazekela umzimba. Cishe bonke-lymph bane, okuholela isici ukuvuvukala. Ubukhulu bayo kwandisa njengoba umsebenzi ekuqongeleleni amaseli elinegciwane. Ngeshwa,% 20 kuphela eziguli etholwe kulesigaba ukuze uthole ukuthethelelwa esitebeleni.

• Isigaba sesine.

Le nqubo ihlanganisa kwezitho zangaphakathi ezifana ubende, inhliziyo, izinso kanye nabanye. Ithumba ungasakazekela umnkantsha, ngakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa edingekayo ukuze wokubhoboza kuthathwe ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lomonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkinga, esigabeni sesine libhekene kumiswa metastases. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthethelelwa cishe kungenakwenzeka kuleli fomu lesi sifo.

izimpawu kuthiwa lymphoma

Ngemva bezibona ulwazi olungenhla ukuqonda ukuthi yini lymphoma okungukuthi, kulula, kodwa manje badinga ukubhekana izimpawu, elingasebenza njengesibuko insimbi yokuqala, esiyisixwayiso ingozi. Ngokushesha ukuziqhakambisa iqiniso lokuthi izimpawu zesifo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yesimila.

Ingozi yokuqala iwukuthi izimpawu kokuqala zifana kakhulu umkhuhlane. Lokhu imfiva ka 37 degrees, ikhanda, umzimba ukuqaqamba, ukukhathala. Kulesi simo, okunqumayo isikhathi: Uma ziphikelela amasonto 2-3, kufanele ufune iseluleko eyisazi.

sokunquma inqubo isimila ngokwawo kunalokho xaka. It, ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezifana ungaba ifomu esicashile, kutuswa ukusebenzisa computed tomography.

Isibonakaliso esicace lymphoma kuyinto kweNdikimba lymph node. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhambisana nokubuka ubuhlungu emizweni, ukungakhululeki kanye nemfiva. Uma isimila yenzeka ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu, ngokuvamile baphawula ukwephulwa of sezinyawo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kanye ukuvuvukala. In iziguli abaneminyaka engu-40 kubonakala nemilenze evuvukele.

Ngakho, thina ukhethe izimpawu ezivamile lymphoma:

• evuvukele zamanzi;
• umkhuhlane;
• ajulukayo;
• ukukhathala;
• ikhanda;
• ukukhathala;
• kwesisindo;
• ukulunywa;
• ukuvuvukala amalaka;
• iphika;
• ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside.

Ngeshwa, zonke lezi zimpawu zivamile nezinye izinhlobo izifo, ngakho yobukhona babo abakwazi ukufakaza ngokucacile mayelana nesenzakalo lymphoma. Kunconywa lapho izimpawu uhlangabezana ukufuna usizo kumuntu ofanelekayo.

Yokucwaninga: izindlela yokunquma lymphoma

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ka "ukuxilongwa lymphoma '? Okokuqala, ingabe uye kudokotela uyofuna icebiso. Uhlola futhi, kuye ngokuthi imiphumela yayo, ukuqoka ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo nokulandelela inhlolovo. Imfuneko ukulethwa igazi ngoba izifundo zokwelapha kanye kwamakhemikhali. Isilinganiso iseli okuhambisanayo udokotela wakhe uphakamisa ukuxilongwa kungenzeka. Ukuze uqinisekise biopsy umiswa. Uhlaziyo esithathwayo ngosizo ukuhlinzwa, ngesikhathi lapho le ndwangu ekhishwe lymph node ukuqhuba izifundo.

Ngezinye isigaba esithile lymphoma esimisiwe ray uphethwe, okuyinto ikuvumela ukukhomba izindawo ezifihliwe kabana yesimila. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukunemba uphethwe awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela Ukutadisha umnkantsha, kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi ingakanani isifo sandile. Kukhona izindlela ezengeziwe lokuhlolwa, ezifana immunophenotyping, zofuzo yamangqamuzana izifundo cytogenetic.

ukwelashwa lymphoma

Zikhona izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha, okuyinto eyenziwa ngokuvumelana uhlobo isimila, esigabeni yentuthuko kanye isimo jikelele isiguli. Ngeshwa, cishe zonke izidakamizwa elisetshenziswa umkhuba manje, kukhona uhlobo ushevu, esithinta amangqamuzana omdlavuza hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isiwe kwezinye izitho zomzimba ezibalulekile. Cabangela izindlela ukwelashwa kuye izinhlobo zesifo.

• lymphomas Aggressive. Phezu ukuthola lolu hlobo ukwelashwa isimila kufanele waqala ngokushesha, ngoba kungaba ngokushesha zasakazeka ngokushesha umzimba. Ngemva isiqinisekiso inkinga itholakala kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe uhlelo nquma, ngokuhlanganisa ngayo omzimba "Rituximab".
• lymphoma kakhulu nolaka. Kulezi izinhlobo esetshenziswa izinhlelo ngesandla esiqinile nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ezifana e wegazi lymphoblastic. Kulokhu, odokotela aim ukubhujiswa okuphelele izimila umdlavuza, kodwa izinga basinde kulesi simo ancipha kakhulu. Umbono omuhle inganikelwa kuphela uma bekubona lymphoma esiteji 2, ku-3rd futhi 4th odokotela ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokugcina, njengoba sicabanga, njengoba umzimba uyosabela le ndlela yokwelapha, akunakwenzeka.
• lymphoma Indolent. Izindlela yokwelashwa yalolu hlobo izimila ahlukile ngamunye icala ngabanye. Kukhona ezinye izimila ukuthi akudingeki ukwelashwa. Nokho, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa njalo udokotela ngqo sebenzisa ekuqaleni inchubekelembili. Kagesi ukwelashwa ngemisebe avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa lezi zimo (ngemisebe). Le ndlela ivumela ukwenza eduzane isimila ngaphandle kokuphazamisa nezinye izitho. Ngeshwa, lymphoma ikhambi akusebenzi ngokugcwele, ngakho yonke imizamo zodokotela okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono isimo lesiguli.

ubuchopho lymphoma

ubuchopho lymphoma kungenzeka samabanga aphansi noma. Esikhathini sokuqala icala kwemizi kwasendaweni kuthathela kule ngxenye, okwesibili - ukutheleleka sandile kusukela zamanzi noma izicubu.

Ithumba eyinhloko iyindlala, Nokho, engozini cishe bonke abantu, ngisho nezingane kwasebuntwaneni. Lokhu lymphoma kwenziwa ngendlela ngamaqhubu, eyagcina baqala ukusabalalisa ezithambile izicubu metastases.

Ifomu yesibili isifo sihluke kakhulu primary. Njengomthetho, omunye isimila focus, kodwa lokhu kungase kubangele ukuba kukhule osayizi enkulu kakhulu. lymphoma Secondary elise kunjalo akukho Ukudlulela inkomba ingeqi 7%.

Lymphoma (umhlahlo uphefumulela emzabalazweni nalesi sifo) kuhambisana zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ubuhlungu bekhanda;
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• epistaxis.

Kwezokwelapha, kwaba nezigameko lapho iziguli nobuchopho lymphoma kwatholakala isithuthwane.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ifomu sesibili Nokho zenzeka ngokuphelele asymptomatically, nge 100% okungenzeka ukucacisa isifo ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ngempela.

Lymphoma zobuchopho isuswe surgically, kodwa ukuqinisekisa yimpumelelo ekupheleni yi bengayi akukho udokotela. Lezi izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ingxenye kuphela iziguli ezinalesi sifo maningi amathuba okuthi i-ngukuthethelelwa eside.

ezinkulu-cell lymphoma

Elikhulu iseli lymphoma kukhona izinhlobo eziningana:

• ekubhebhetselisa;
• mediastinal;
• e-large-;
• anaplastic.

Ingozi le fomu ukuthi konke evamile amaseli umnkantsha esikhundleni wuhlelo normal, abalahlekelwe ikhono sikhiqize futhi bafe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-indices zama-erythrocyte nama-platelet encishisiwe ngokushesha, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni hypoxia ukopha oluqinile yangaphakathi. Ukubolekisa seli lymphoma unekhono zasakazeka ngokushesha umzimba. Okokuqala zisetshenziswa lymph node, yegilo kanye salivary nezindlala, ubuchopho kwezicubu amathambo. Ngemva kwalokho, le nqubo usabalala kwesibindi, nezinso emaphashini, okuholela ziwohloke masinyane esimweni lesiguli zempilo. Ukudlondlobala okusheshayo iqala esigabeni sesithathu. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa kungaba ngamakhemikhali.

Ehlasela umzimba omkhulu cell lymphoma

lymphoma ehlasela umzimba lunamandla engqondweni. Sici Its yiyona ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza evamile emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa banesibopho ekutholeni emizimbeni onegciwane noma angaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lymphoma uyakwazi okwasekhaya kunoma iyiphi izicubu, wazifihla ngokucophelela, ama-lymphocyte B-amaseli azikwazi ngokuzimela ukubona igciwane futhi udlulise isibonakaliso izivikeli mzimba.

Thola lymphoma ehlasela umzimba kalula. Okokuqala, i-lakhulisiwe izindlala zamanzi wazizwa kalula i engaphansi komunwe wakho. Futhi ngesikhathi X-ray kanye ultrasound kungabonwa mahhala isimila izilonda.

Symptomatology we-lymphoma akahlukile yezinye izinhlobo. Lesi sengezo okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa, futhi amadlingozi kwesisindo ngesikhathi sokulala ukujuluka.

Ekubhebhetselisa ezinkulu cell lymphoma singenzeka njengenhlangano isifo ezimele, noma endaweni yesibili (umphumela imiphumela yezinye izinhlobo umdlavuza). Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi nge ukuqhubeka ke likhula ngokushesha, kodwa esabela kahle ukwelashwa.

ukugula Izici

Lymphoma igazi okwamanje kuphenyisiswe ngokucophelela. Sekutholakele ukuthi isizathu nesenzakalo salo ukuchayeka ubuthi ngemisebe umdlavuza. Musa siqambe ematfuba iziguli kungenzeka sitholwa njengefa. Futhi engozini abantu ababusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ababhemayo ngomuzwa, futhi labo ube nohlobo ezingamahlalakhona izifo hematological.

Okusanda une-lymphoma igazi njalo ngokwanele, nge kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Uma uqala ukwelashwa, amathuba wokutakula 70%. On the izigaba sesithathu nesesine ukuthethelelwa kubhekwa yalokho okuhle, isikhathi kuba iminyaka 5-7. Nokho, lokubuya kwesifo ayikwazi ayifakiwe ngokuphelele, futhi nenombolo yabo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ebudeni bokuphila.

Kuyini Hodgkin lymphoma?

isifo Hodgkin sika yaqale ezichazwe 1832 by usosayensi T. Hodgkin. Lesi sifo ngokungakhethi, Nokho, ngezinye linobungozi abantu babo bonke ubudala zenziwa, waphawula umkhuba othile: amadoda iyathinteka kabili njengoba ngokuvamile ngaphandle ubulili fair. Kuze emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, lymphoma Hodgkin sika kubhekwa isifo esingalapheki. Okwamanje, sibonga ucwaningo lososayensi emhlabeni wonke, iziguli abe amathuba okusinda. Nokho, indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa isipiliyoni kanye namakhono of udokotela ukuba khona. Into esemqoka - ukuxilonga isimila kahle futhi ifike ngesikhathi, kanye indlela ukusebenzisa imiphumela ezindaweni onesifo. Isinyathelo ezine ukunikeza lymphoma Hodgkin sika, ekutholweni edlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi ukukhethwa Izindlela zokwelapha.

Izimpawu kanye izimpawu zesifo zifana nezinye izinhlobo. It uvame ukuhambisana kwegazi, ukunqwabelana namanzi emaphashini, ukopha. Mayelana 30% eziguli esekhala ukulunywa njalo futhi ububomvu izici isikhumba.

Ukwelashwa lymphoma Hodgkin sika

izilonda Suspect ungaba phakathi kokuhlolwa isimiso. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa inombolo ephezulu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka inhlolovo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela esigabeni sesithathu, lizinga emakamu kancane kancane kunciphisa. Ukuqinisekiswa uphethwe encompasses Ucwaningo olunzulu, okungukuthi, imaging, biopsy, wokubhoboza,-X ray.

Okubalulekile: esiphezulu impumelelo kuphela azuzwe ne ukuxilongwa esifike izifo ezifana lymphoma Hodgkin sika.

Zingaki iziguli aphila nale inhlobo yesifo? Lezi zinombolo abasakwazi esiyingqayizivele. Uma impatho ithoma okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa, kukhona awokuthi ekufinyeleleni imiphumela emihle. Kwakulwiwa esigabeni sesithathu Kuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungenzeka 50-50. Icala elinzima nakakhulu ubhekwa uhlobo ukugijima, esibonakala by metastases, futhi amaningi isimila foci.

Into esemqoka - ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukufeza ukuthethelelwa eside bese uyazama aluqede ngokuphelele kungenzeka umuntu uyahluleka uma elwa entsha. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu indlela ebalulekile kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezifana lymphoma Hodgkin sika. Zingaki iziguli aphila nale Ihlahlubo? Lokhu kuzokwenza kakhulu zincike endleleni yabo yokuphila, ngakho-ke Kunconywa ukuba banamathele isimiso efanele nsuku zonke nokudla, kungcono ukulishiya ngokuphelele esebenzayo kakhulu esivuna isigqi elinganisiwe.