Monosaccharide - a ... Izakhiwo kanye izibonelo monosaccharides

Amakhabhohayidrethi monosaccharides - kalula izinto digestible ukuthi abaluleke kakhulu kule yokudla komuntu. Uma udle umkhiqizo ocebile ketshezi, inani ophethe namandla adingekayo usuku lonke.

Ngakho monosaccharide - ekhuthaza heterofunctional. Ngokulandelayo, sihlolisise uhlobo izici awusizo futhi izibonelo ngamunye.

izakhiwo monosaccharides

Ngakho, iyini inzuzo lezi izinto? Ukuze uqale, khetha ukuthi monosaccharide - ushukela elula. Thina ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• glucose;
• galactose;
• fructose.

Phawula ukuthi yize indlela efanayo yamangqamuzana (C6N12O6) Bonke baneziphiwo isomers ahlukahlukene. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, banayo izakhiwo ezahlukene, okuyinto sizohlola ngemininingwane enkulu, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho-ke kubalulekile ukuphawula sezindawo amakhemikhali monosaccharides.

chemical izakhiwo

I-molecule monosaccharide Kungaletha omunye amaqembu amathathu obusebenzayo:

• carbonyl;
• hydroxyl utshwala;
• hydroxyl hemiacetal.

Labo uhlobo iqembu obusebenzayo iqukethe monosaccharide, kunquma yawo yamakhemikhali izakhiwo. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuvutshelwa ushukela, okuyinto angaphansi ikakhulu hexoses. Ngenxa ubunjalo enzyme, ukuhlukanisa ukusabela ezilandelayo:

• ukuvutshelwa utshwala ;
• malolactic;
• icwecwe;
• lemon Ukuthoma;
• acetone-butonolnoe.

Qaphela ukuthi monosaccharide - a carbohydrate ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya namachibi inike semali kakhulu amandla, ngakho lezi izinto zibalulekile ngakho empilweni. Thina uqhubekele ukuhlaziywa monosaccharides ezifana glucose, fructose kanye galactose.

glucose

Mhlawumbe, ekuphileni kwabo, wonke umuntu wezwa glucose kanye nenzuzo yayo. Kuyinto siwumthombo omuhle kakhulu amandla ibaluleke kakhulu emishinini yokuphefumula yeselula kuyinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni amaprotheni.

Glucose - a monosaccharide, okuyinto wokudla ubuchopho. Kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo engokwengqondo yomuntu, nge kusilela we ketshezi, uba nenhliziyo encane, alahlekelwe ukuzithiba, abakwazi yenza isinqumo esicatshangelwe ngokucophelela.

Ngokuvamile, i-glucose e umkhiqizo alikho ifomu okuhlanzekile, iyingxenye ye- carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho zivela imikhiqizo ukudla emzimbeni yethu, cleavage izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwabangcwele lula. Ngakho umzimba wethu uthola amandla yi-glucose ne ezidingekayo.

Qaphela ukuthi monosaccharides (kuhlanganise glucose) ngokushesha kakhulu angena igazi, ngakho kwakudingeka emva ukuqeqeshwa ekuseni. Akumele ukudla kusetshenzwe okunoshukela futhi okunoshukela, bese umthamo adingekayo usebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo efana izithelo, yogurt, kanye nokunye.

fructose

is the monosaccharide equkethwe kuphi? Lokhu izithelo nemifino, uju kanye nemikhiqizo ezinoshukela. Kusukela lapho kuyinto fructose, engaphansi impahla yayo ezuzisayo. Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo, ngcono umzimba, wena bazogcwalisa umzimba nge namavithamini namaminerali ezibalulekile ukuze ukusebenza evamile izitho.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, incike umthombo fructose impahla yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha isiraphu apula zemvelo. I isiraphu kungaphezu lo shukela elula onikelwa ifomu lula futhi umkhiqizo yemvelo kunethemba elincane, kodwa lihambisana namanye izakhi mkhondo ebalulekile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, iphezulu kakhulu, kodwa udle apula kuwusizo wokuqukethwe soda ye fructose. I isiraphu iqukethe fructose eyodwa kuphela, futhi izithelo nemifino lunezinto kubalulekile ukuba asize umzimba ukuncela ngcono.

Kungani-ke, uma isiraphu iqukethe esiningi fructose, kufanele ucabangele sisebenzela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo? Ake uqale nge yokuthi babutha a monosaccharide emzimbeni kuholela ukuwohloka kwempilo, isisindo somzimba, i overabundance cholesterol kanye ukwehla ukulawula iphango. ukusetshenziswa fructose ezimbi kakhulu njengoba Sweetener. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo anjalo kufanele kube ngokulinganisela.

galactose

Into yokuqala Ngithanda ukubalula - wukuthi galactose, fructose noma glucose, ayitholakali imvelo njengoba injalo emsulwa. Kumiswa It is ngesikhathi ukugeleza ukuphendula ezifana hydrolysis-lactose. Yikuphi lapho kutholakala? Yiqiniso, kule ubisi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu amandla umthombo ezincelisayo (kuhlanganise abantu).

Qaphela ukuthi yakha glycolipids futhi glycoproteins okuyinto kudingeka kwezicubu. Yini enye edingekayo galactose? Yiqiniso, ukuze umzimba angakhiqiza-lactose. Lokhu kusebenza abesifazane abancelisayo. Njengoba kwenzeka, futhi kanjani ukuze uthole galactose? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka udle ukudla aqukethe esiningi glucose, umzimba bese iyiguqule ku galactose, esithinta ngqo ekukhiqizeni ubisi emabeleni. Njengoba ungase ubone kulolu Ngokwesibonelo, bonke monosaccharides ahlanganiswa ndawonye, abanye bangase bavele bangakunaki abanye.

Ngokuphathelene izakhiwo galactose, zingabantu ngokuphongoza nawabanye monosaccharides. Nayo ungakwazi ukulawula isisindo sakho, kuba ngesisekelo ezemidlalo umsoco ngoba kunikeza umzimba amandla, okuyinto kwanele eningi isikhathi eside. Yingakho abasubathi kukhona indoda hardier kakhulu ubani akuhlangene ne sport.

Monosaccharides. izibonelo

Nanku-ke umbuzo obalulekile: lapho iqukethwe lezi izinto? Imithombo eyinhloko yamandla nenhlalakahle - ke monosaccharides. Izibonelo nemikhiqizo equkethe lezo semali lezi izinto:

• Okusanhlamvu. Uma bakudla kanye noshukela, ziqukethe kokubili fructose kanye glucose. Yini Kungaba? imikhiqizo Bakery, okusanhlamvu, iphalishi, pasta nokunye.
• Izithelo kanye amajikijolo. Emkhakheni uthola ngisho isoso njengoba utamatisi - berry. Lihlanganisa iyiphi izithelo eqandisiwe nemifino, sezimoto, Syrups, compotes, sezimoto kanye neminye imikhiqizo.
• Imikhiqizo yobisi. Ziqukethe glucose ne-lactose, lapha sibeka ubisi, iyogathi, ukhilimu ushizi, ice cream nokunye.
• Med.
• Amaswidi.
• Kumasayiraphu.
• Iwayini.

Lokhu akulona lonke uhlu nokudla okune carbohydrate kukhona monosaccharides. Njengoba eziqukethwe amandla ezahlukene, okuyinto ziyingozi kakhulu ukuba abantu. Kufanele makudle imikhiqizo yemvelo.