Umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL. Isakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL futhi zezinzwa

Indwangu - iqoqo amaseli bese imfuyo intercellular. It has izici ezivamile isakhiwo futhi yenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Emzimbeni izinhlobo ezine izicubu: EPITHELIAL, abakaze, kwemisipha ne zezinzwa.

Isakhiwo EPITHELIAL izicubu womuntu nezilwane wakubangela, okokuqala kunakho konke, kwasendaweni yayo. izicubu EPITHELIAL ungqimba umngcele amaseli azungeze integuments umzimba, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kwezitho zangaphakathi kanye izimbotshana. Futhi, kwakhiwa epithelium eziningi zensimbi umzimba.

izici Jikelele

Isakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL enezinto eziningi izici esingokwemvelo kuphela epithelium. Isici esiyinhloko kuba ukuthi indwangu ngokwayo ngendlela ungqimba okuqhubekayo amangqamuzana in close contact nomunye.

Epithelium abami zonke evele emzimbeni, ine uhlobo ukwakheka, kuyilapho esibindini, amanyikwe, yegilo, izindlala salivary, nabanye kuba qoqo lamangqamuzana. Esimweni sokuqala-ke ibekwe phezu ulwelwesi engaphansi esasihlukanisa epithelium kusukela ezicutshini. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho, lapho isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL futhi zezinzwa umongo ubonisa nokuxhumana yabo. Ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lymph, alternation EPITHELIAL futhi zezinzwa izicubu amaseli. Lolu hlobo epithelium libizwa atypical.

High amandla okuzivuselela - kuyinto ngesinye isici epithelium.

amaseli Polar ijwabu, okuyinto okubangelwa umehluko ezingxenyeni basal apical of isikhungo cell.

Isakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL kungenxa yokungabikho umngcele isikhundla salo, esiwulwazi yena, kwenza epithelium kuyinto zinendima ebalulekile inqubo exchange. Lokhu izicubu ehilelekile ukumuncwa nezakhi emathunjini phakathi igazi lymph, umchamo ngokwahlukana ngokusebenzisa epithelia izinso nokunye. Vuliwe. Ungase futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana umsebenzi zokuzivikela, okuyinto ukuvikela izicubu emiphumeleni elimazayo.

Isakhiwo impahla obumba ulwelwesi engaphansi, ebonisa ukuthi iqukethe semali mucopolysaccharides, kanye inethiwekhi fibrils esihle.

Njengoba wabeka izicubu EPITHELIAL?

Izici isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL bezilwane nabantu ngokuyinhloko isuke ibangelwa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa yayo yenziwa wazo zontathu izingqimba lwegciwane. Lesi sici nobuntu kuphela zalolu hlobo lendwangu. Ectoderm yakha isikhumba epithelium, ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ingxenye enkulu emphinjeni, i-cornea; endoderm - the epithelium yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini; ne-mesoderm - the epithelium kwezitho urinary nemisipha serous.

Ekuthuthukisweni embryonic uqala ukwakha nasezigabeni zokuqala. Njengoba ukubunjwa isamba elanele izicubu esinomhlapho EPITHELIAL, kuba party exchange of izinto phakathi kukamama embungwini.

Ukulondoloza ubuqotho amaseli EPITHELIAL

Ukuxhumana lamaseli engumakhelwane kwetinhlavu kungenzeka ngenxa yokubakhona desmosomes. Lesi sakhiwo ekhethekile amaningi yobukhulu submicroscopic, okuyinto aqukethe halves ezimbili. Ngamunye wabo, ukuqina ezindaweni ezithile, oluthatha evele eduze lamaseli engumakhelwane. Igebe umqhewu-like phakathi neengcezu of desmosomes kuyinto carbohydrate okwenzeka izidakamizwa.

Ezimweni lapho izikhala intercellular are banzi, desmosomes zitholakala enisemikhawulweni ebhekene bulging cytoplasm ukuxhumana amaseli. Uma sibheka ambalwa bulging ngesibonakhulu, uzothola ukuthi banayo ifomu kwamabhuloho intercellular.

Esikhathini esincane amathumbu umphetho ubuqotho alondolozwa Fusion of cell ulwelwesi of amaseli aseduze emkhakheni contact. izindawo ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ezilula zibe Trailing.

Zikhona nezinye izimo lapho azikho izakhiwo esikhethekile ubuqotho. Khona-ke ukuthintana engumakhelwane amaseli Kwenziwa ukuxhumana phakathi esipara noma amaseli ezimazombe. Emaphethelweni kwamaseli kungase imbricate ukugqagqana.

Isakhiwo EPITHELIAL izicubu amaseli

Izici okhethekile EPITHELIAL izicubu amaseli khona surface kwabo ulwelwesi plasma.

Amaseli abathintekayo ekwabiweni imikhiqizo umzimba e ulwelwesi plasma engxenyeni basal yomzimba cell siyenzeka ukusonga.

amaseli EPITHELIAL - the okuthiwa isayensi kwamaseli obumba izicubu EPITHELIAL. Izici isakhiwo, umsebenzi amaseli EPITHELIAL ezihambelana eduze. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana uhlobo sabo flat, cubic kanye columnar. Emongweni owandile euchromatin, ngaleyo ndlela-ke uba nombala ukukhanya. Umnyombo elikhulu kunalokho, ezakheke olufana ukuma amaseli.

polarity Sikuveze kubangela indawo nuclei kule basal Ngokwengxenye, mitochondria ngaphezu ke, ama-apharathasi Golgi futhi centrioles. Ngo amaseli, umsebenzi secretory lenza ikakhulukazi athuthukiswe kahle reticulum endoplasmic futhi Golgi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Epithelium uhlangabezana mkhulu umthwalo mechanical amaseli ohlelweni lwabo has lokuluhlaza ekhethekile - tonofibrils okuyinto anikezwa isithiyo ezihloselwe ukuvikela amaseli ngokumelene ukusonteka.

microvilli

Amanye amaseli, noma kunalokho cytoplasm zabo phezu ungakheka amancane, iqondiswe phandle, neziqu - microvilli. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke i-cluster ayatholakala phezu apical we epithelium emathunjini amancane futhi izingxenye eziyinhloko we tubules convoluted nezinso. Ngenxa yelungiselelo parallel we microvilli e ulwelwesi engaphakathi emathunjini epithelium nezinso ibhulashi umngcele emapheshana akhiwa, okuyinto kungabonwa ngesibonakhulu optical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, microvilli kulezi zindawo aqukethe eziningi enzyme.

ngezigaba

Izici isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL ezindaweni ezahlukene asivumela ukuba uhlukanise kubo ngezizathu eziningana.

Kuye ukuma amaseli epithelium kungaba cylindrical, cubic, futhi flat, futhi kuncike indawo amaseli - eyodwa ungqimba futhi multilayer.

Futhi secrete a epithelium yezindlala, wenziwa umsebenzi secretory zomzimba.

A epithelium olulodwa-ungqimba

Igama ungqimba elilodwa epithelium liyazikhulumela: kuba wonke amaseli zitholakala ulwelwesi engaphansi e isendlalelo esisodwa. Uma ukuma wonke amaseli kuyafana (isb. E. Ziyakwazi isomorphic) kanye cell nuclei kukhona ezingeni elifanayo, uthi mayelana olulodwa irowu epithelia. Uma amaseli monolayer epithelium waphawula alternation ezihlukile, nuclei zabo zitholakala emazingeni ehlukene, ke anizomorfny noma epithelium pseudostratified.

epithelium wakubo

Ngo epithelium multilayered kuphela ungqimba aphansi nabo ulwelwesi engaphansi nezinye izingqimba engaphezulu ke. Ukuma emangqamuzaneni izingqimba ezahlukene zihlukile. Isakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL yalolu hlobo evumela ukukhetha izinhlobo eziningana epithelium multilayered kuncike ukuma isimo ka olwelwesini amaseli: a multilayer flat keratinizing multilayered (iyatholakala izikali keratinized phezu), neorogovevayuschy multi.

Kukhona le okuthiwa epithelium zesikhashana abami izinhlaka uhlelo excretory. Kuye ngokuthi umzimba kuyehla noma welulela, indwangu iba uhlobo oluhlukile. Ngakho, thinning of epithelium isebujameni ukwakha ezimbili zamatshe amaseli esinyeni eqine - basal ikhava. Futhi lapho isinye onomfutho (olujiyile) ifomu EPITHELIAL izicubu sikhula kakhulu, i-basal ungqimba amaseli polymorphs kanye nuclei yabo ashiyashiyanayo ngamazinga. amaseli Coverslips ukuthola umumo eliphakathi kwe futhi laminated nomunye.

Gistogeneticheskaja Ukwahlukaniswa epithelia

Isakhiwo izicubu EPITHELIAL bezilwane nabantu ngokuvamile kungaphansi ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi wezokwelapha. Kulezi zimo, ukusebenzisa gistogenetichekuyu ngezigaba avame akhiwa N. academician G. Hlopinym. Ngokusho ke, kukhona ezinhlanu izinhlobo epithelium. Umbandela Kuyaphawuleka lokho nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula ekuthuthukiseni kwezicubu phakathi embryogenesis.

1. Epidermal uhlobo, ekuqaleni iye yanikezwa yi-ectoderm kanye plate prechordal.

2. Enterodermalny uhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa okwakumele endoderm emathunjini.

3. Tselonefrodermalny uhlobo, zavela ulwelwesi coelomic futhi nephrotomy.

4. Angiodermalny uhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa eyaqala kusukela ingxenye mesenchyme, ukwakha endothelium semithambo ebizwe angioblasts.

5. Ependimoglialny uhlobo, elaqala wanika neural tube.

Izici isakhiwo EPITHELIAL izicubu ukwakha nezindlala

epithelium yezindlala wenza umsebenzi secretory. Lolu hlobo lwe-Indwangu iqoqo yezindlala (secretory) abizwa ngokuthi granulocytes. umsebenzi wabo ukuze lelisu zamagama nokuhlukaniswa kwemihlambi izinto ezithile - izimfihlo.

Kuyinto ngenxa uketshezi somzimba akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Izindlala secrete izimfihlo esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ngaphakathi izimbotshana eziningana izitho zangaphakathi kanye igazi lymph. Esimweni sokuqala, singabeqiniso exocrine, kanti eyesibili - of nezindlala endocrine.

uketshezi Exocrine ivumela ukukhiqiza ubisi (umzimba female), esiswini nesiphuzo emathunjini, ngamathe, Bile, umjuluko sebum. Izimfihlo endocrine nezindlala kukhona nama-hormone enze umthethonqubo humoral emzimbeni.

Isakhiwo lolu hlobo izicubu EPITHELIAL zingahluka ngenxa yokuthi granulocytes kungathatha ezihlukile. Lokhu kuncike esigabeni uketshezi.

Bobabili izinhlobo nezindlala (endocrine kanye exocrine) lingabhalwa elilodwa iseli (kuseli eyodwa) noma sebuningini amaseli (amaningi).