Uguquko ratio transformer

Ngesisekelo ukusebenza kwe-transformer inquma mkhuba lokungeniswa kagesi. A core transformer yakhiwa ngabanye amapuleti steel behlangene ku luhlaka avaliwe ifomu. Emongweni ezibekwe ezimbili emazombezombe S₁ futhi S₂ nenombolo ematfuba kanye w₂ w₁. I Windings abe ukumelana kancane futhi inductance okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Kusebenza kokubili semikhawulweni S₁ emazombezombe, esilibiza ngokuthi primary kushintshana voltage U₁. Ngu emazombezombe pass kushintshana zamanje mina, okuyinto magnetize le steel ezingumongo ngikubeka kushintshana ecucuza kazibuthe. Magnetizing zamanje isinyathelo ezilinganiselwe nesibalo ampere-ematfuba (Iw₁).

Njengoba ukwanda zamanje kuzokhulisa yokucucuza magnetic nengaphakathi okuzokwenza sivuse ushintsho the ematfuba amandla ikhoyili electromotive self-lokungeniswa. Uma sifinyelela voltage osetshenziswayo, ukukhuphuka samanje wesifunda eyinhloko sithule. Ngakho, ngo-transformer eyinhloko izinkampani wesifunda ezosebenza U₁ isicelo voltage amandla electromotive self-lokungeniswa E₁. Kulokhu voltage U₁ E₁ enkulu lemali ye voltage iconsi e emazombezombe lincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, singaba cishe ukubhala:

U₁ = E₁.

Kushintshana ecucuza kazibuthe okwenzeka core transformer, sihamba futhi ku ohlobo yayo yesibili emazombezombe, ikhoyili ngamunye ikhoyili okuthakazelisayo yokuthi ubukhulu bale amandla electromotive njengendlela eyinhloko izinkampani usebenzisa ikhoyili enjani ngamunye.

Ngokusekelwe yokuthi isibalo ematfuba eyinhloko kulingana w₁, secondary - w₂, eyodwa inikelwa ibutho abayikho, ngokulandelana, ilingana:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

lapho e - amandla electromotive elakhiwe ngendlela ikhoyili.

Voltage enisemikhawulweni we U₂ evulekile emazombezombe amandla electromotive uyalingana ke, isb.:

U₂ = E₂.

Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi lo voltage emikhawulweni yomibili esiyinhloko transformer emazombezombe ngakho libhekisela ukubaluleka voltage enisemikhawulweni ikhoyili yesibili, inani badedelane eyinhloko iphathelene inani badedelane e secondary emazombezombe:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

k njalo - zamanje transformer okungu.

Kuleso simo, uma lokhu kudingekile ukwandisa voltage, ahlele yesibili emazombezombe nge ngokukhuphuka kwenani ematfuba (okubizwa ngokuthi isinyathelo-up transformer); esimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukuba wehlise voltage, secondary kokugwingciza we transformer ezithathwe nge abambalwa ematfuba (ushiya phansi transformer). A transformer ingaba njengesihluthulelo kokubili isinyathelo-up ukuguqulwa ratio, futhi njengoba isinyathelo-phansi, kuye esetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko emazombezombe.

Nakuba secondary emazombezombe ivuliwe (akukho AC). Transformer is idling. Ngakho-ke sisebenzisa amandla kancane, kusukela wamanje, magnetizing nengaphakathi yensimbi ngenxa esikhulu ikhoyili inductance lincane kakhulu. ukudluliswa Energy circuit yesibili kusukela eyinhloko ngenkathi ungekho kulayini. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kunikeza ithuba lokufunda isilinganiso ushintsho, ukungawi eyize futhi transformer zamanje.

Transformer umthwalo, esiphambanweni ngokusebenzisa Resistor wesifunda yesibili emazombezombe. manje kuzoqhubeka wamanje lokungeniswa, okhonjiswe incwadi I₂. Lokhu zamanje, ngokomthetho Lenz ngeke zinciphisa ka yokucucuza magnetic ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Nokho, buthakathaka yokucucuza magnetic nengaphakathi kuzonciphisa amandla electromotive self-lokungeniswa e primary emazombezombe futhi Ukungadli phakathi la mandla futhi voltage E₁ U₁, okunikezwa generator esiyinhloko emazombezombe. Ngenxa yalokho, eyinhloko izinkampani inyuka zamanje ukuba inani elithile I₁ bese uba elilingana mina + I₁. Ngenxa nesanda yokucucuza zamanje magnetic nengaphakathi transformer kuzokhulisa enanini layo odlule futhi ukungalingani kwamanani emkhatsini U₁ futhi E₁ kubuyiselwa futhi. Ngakho, ukubukeka secondary I₂ zamanje kubangela ukwenyuka samanje eyinhloko izinkampani ngenani I₁, okuyinto kuthola wamanje umthwalo oyinhloko emazombezombe we transformer.

Lapho umthwalo transformer senziwa yokudlulisela okuqhubekayo of energy circuit yesibili kusukela eyinhloko. Ngu umthetho kwemvelo kanye ukuguqulwa wamandla, samanje amandla wesifunda eyinhloko uyalingana samanje yesibili amandla wesifunda; Ngakho-ke, kumelwe senze ukulingana:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U₂.

Empeleni, lokhu ukulingana akuyona waphawula, njengoba e transformer lapho Nokho ezincane ukulahlekelwa,. Isilinganiso ukuguqulwa imayelana 94-99%.