Zitholakale futhi yini kukhona izimiso zomthwalo von Neumann

Mhlawumbe ngeke ngibe senza iphutha uma ngithi ukuthi abantu abaningi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuthola ukuthi kukhompyutha futhi wonke axhumene naso - kungcono impumelelo yesayensi namashumi okugcina eminyaka yawo leminyaka elidlule. Empeleni, izimiso computer umsebenzi von Neumann sika, izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo lwekhompuyutha zokuxhumana, ziye zavela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Umthuthukisi main computer science ngaleso sikhathi isazi sezibalo esidumile Dzhon Fon Neyman-United States. By endleleni kufanele kusho ukuthi ezinye lokhu kuye kwenzeka maqondana ingozi. Neumann ngo-1944 kwahlanganiswa iqembu labacwaningi, okuyinto wasebenza phezu kwendalo kwesibani lokuqala yekhompuyutha ENIAC. Ngandlela-thile phakathi nezingxoxo eziqhubekayo nozakwethu usosayensi hhayi ngesibindi ezihlongozwayo umqondo ngokuyinhloko omusha ukudalwa kumadivayisi Computing. Lamangala Neumann, umlingani wakhe G. Goldstein futhi A. Burks Neumann babesekela umbono, futhi kwakungekho ephepheni ngokwesayensi eminyakeni emibili. Kanti inikeza izimiso ngokuphelele ezazingaziwa of Computing kudivayisi, bese wathola igama "izimiso ka von Neumann." Sekuyisikhathi amahlanu kusukela isethulo yokuqala yeningi imibono Neumann, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku, izici ezifana computer izakhiwo nezimiso von Neumann enze theory classical ekwakheni izinhlelo zekhompyutha. Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi umqondo omusha kwaba ukuthi kwahlongozwa ukuba asuke ajwayelekile idesimali uhlelo kolwazi isitoreji futhi ukushintshela kanambambili. Kwaba sikuvumela ukusetshenziswa okunjalo ematfuba abaningi ukuze wandise ivolumu lolu lwazi, kokubili ngokoMthetho isitoreji yayo kanye ne-transmission.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ka von Neumann kwenza kwaba lula ukuthumela ulwazi hhayi kuphela zezinombolo, kodwa futhi umbhalo, umsindo nabanye.

Enye ukutholakala abalulekile Neumann kwaba isixazululo yakhe yokugcina ulwazi. Ngaphambili, lo msebenzi wenziwa cishe ngesandla, by ekuvaleni izakhi ezidingekayo computer ndawonye ukuqinisekisa exchange kolwazi ukuthi lilondolozwe ngalinye kulawa linezingxenye. On the ENIAC ikhompyutha oshiwo ngenhla, le nqubo ithatha okungenani eziningana izinsuku, futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu ekuqhubeni le ndlela izinqubo iphuka - ukungasebenzi kwesibani. Neumann futhi ezihlongozwayo ukushintsha uhlelo futhi okubhalwe ngesimo ikhodi kanambambili futhi agcinwe kwikhompyutha uqobo.

Usosayensi akuyona washayelwa imibono ukuthi kamuva baziwa kakhulu izimiso ka von Neumann, kodwa futhi lobu buchwepheshe isakhiwo computer kuphela, lo mqondo ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi "ikhompyutha izakhiwo". Izingxenye ezisemqoka a izakhiwo ezintsha, Neumann kufanele kube:

- idivayisi okulawula;

- logic iyunithi;

- emaphakathi processing unit;

- inkumbulo eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa zangaphakathi nezangaphandle;

- idivayisi I / O.

Ngo isakhiwo ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwa ikhompyutha zifundwa imiyalelo ezikhethekile kwimemori, bese kukhona mayunithi processor. I-oda ukubulawa imiyalo kuchazwe uhlelo counter ekhethekile. Ukuba khona leli thuluzi manje ungomunye izici izakhiwo computer, ehlongozwayo ngu Neumann.

Ngokuvamile, yathuthukiswa, futhi eqinisweni, ihlolwe bese zilandelwa ngu kuye, izinqumo mayelana nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu amakhompyutha, babé jikelele ngakho ayingqalasizinda, ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla imvelo professional umshini eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana nale mithetho, ngokuthi - umshini von Neumann. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela kulabo lapho kungekho esiphikisayo hlelo.

Ukuhamba kunokwenzeka kusukela lezi zimiso kungenzeka kuphela esikhathini esizayo, lapho asisekelo sekutfutfukisa computer science, umbono bazothola logic ukucubungula.