Sulfides futhi hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide futhi ammonium sulfide

Ngu sulphides zihlanganisa organic wezinto ezingaphili chemical compounds, athomu nesibabule-molecule ayo kuhambisana ezinye izinsimbi noma okungezona izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukuze sulfides wezinto compounds ejwayelekile kukhona hydrogen sulfide (H2S), okuqondene isigaba of acid kanye ammonium sulfide (ifomula (NH4) 2S), okuqondene ekilasini nosawoti. Futhi sulfides of izinsimbi kanye nonmetals c ifomula jikelele KxSy (lapho K - kuyinto metal noma seka nonmetal, futhi S - esidi hydrogen sulphide zinsalela, x futhi y - lemali metal cations futhi anions we moiety acid molecule ngokulandelana), ubheke isigaba nosawoti. Ngokwesibonelo, yensimbi sulfide (II) Fes. sulfides Organic - a ikhemikhali, athomu nesibabule-molecule ehlobene nawo ngezinombolo ezizivelelayo hydrocarbon. Lokhu mercaptides (thioethers) jikelele ifomula RSR ', futhi R R' - hydrocarbon ezizivelelayo.

Zonke zamakhemikhali kabani molecule aqukethe athomu okusansimbi, ama-athomu abangewona izinsimbi (boron B, i-phosphorus P, i-silicon Si, i-arsenic Njengoba), exhumene athomu nesibabule (S) ne degree of namachibi elilingana lokususa 2, nosawoti ubhekwa H2S hydrogen sulphide . sulfides Inorganic (ngaphandle H2S), isib, sulfide, ammonium sulfide noma boron, kucatshangwa ukuthi abe nosawoti Ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela kokubili-hydrogen sulphide acid ne-hydrogen-athomu omoya-ziye esikhundleni ngeminye cations. Uma sulphide hydrogen acid, athomu eyodwa kuphela esikhundleni cations (okuyinto ejwayelekile ane-alikhali emhlabeni nensimbi alikhali), usawoti uzobe kwakhiwa usawoti acid. Izibonelo hydrosulfides wezinto ezingaphili (bisulfide ngenye indlela) kungase kube yingxube njenge ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS Formula) noma i-sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Ngo-molecule hydrosulfides, ngokungafani kuya sulfide, noma acid anion ezisalayo kuyinto HS-. hydrosulfide Organic zihlanganisa mercaptans (thiols futhi thioalcohols) jikelele ifomula RSH, lapho R - hydrocarbon olukhulu. Mercaptides futhi mercaptans zinezikhathi ngesilwane esifuywayo ebanzi, ngakho ezidinga ukucatshangwa ezengeziwe.

sulfides Iningi Umbala elikhanyayo. Ngo amanzi kahle encibilikayo kuphela ammonium sulfide ne sulfides ngezinto alikhali. Cishe zingaxazululeki emanzini, asele metal sulphides. Kusukela sulfides kukhona hydrogen sulfide nosawoti of acid ababuthakathaka, abameleli babo amanzi-encibilikayo kungenziwa hydrolyzed. Ukuze sulfides ezakhiwe izinsimbi kanye isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu namachibi noma, uma hydroxides zabo kukhona elisekela ababuthakathaka (isib Cr2S3, Al2S3, njll), ngokuvamile hydrolysis ukuqhutshwa itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka. Sulfides anganawo ejenti ekunciphiseni, ukuxubana-mpilo asemkhathini at okushisa ephakeme ukuze yakha nosawoti, lapho i-athomu sulphur has a degree ephakeme ka namachibi, ezifana sulfate ne-sulfur dioxide. ammonium sulfide isetshenziswa izithombe, basembonini yendwangu. Sulfides ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo Semiconductor izinto, phosphors, kwezokwelapha, kwezolimo.

I sulfides ingase ivezwe ngezindlela ezehlukene. Ammonium sulfide (eyaziwa ngokuthi elinye igama lalo usawoti - sulfide diammonium) ibhalwe ngu basabela-hydrogen sulfide ne ngokweqile ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2S. Okuningi ukumelana usawoti acid hydrogen sulfide kakhulu okusansimbi sulfide Fes, okungenza kuphela ukubola ngu Ukushisa e vacuo wayithola (lena enye yezindlela eziningi eyaziwa) by ukusabela engelapheki isibabule yensimbi: Fe + S → Fes.

isisindo yamangqamuzana ammonium sulfide ne 68,14. .. E m Gross-ifomula kohlelo Hill singatlolwa bunjesi: H8N2S. Ngokubukeka sifana usawoti zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Ammonium sulfide at 20 ° C kalula oncibilikayo emanzini. Oncibilikayo ethanol. Le into hygroscopic uyakwazi iyavuleka umswakama. In the state khulula akuyona etholwe ammonium sulfide. Kusukela (NH4) 2S usawoti ingahlalisekanga ke izixazululo zayo aqueous abasondelene futhi ngaleyo ndlela-hydrogen sulphide aqukethe ngokuyisisekelo ingxube ka NH3 futhi NH4HS nezisombululo aqueous of (NH4) 2S uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle ne iphunga ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide. Isixazululo yokusabela ane-alikhali nge pH kuya 9.3. Zinhlayiya usawoti okuqinile akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa, ngisho Ukupholisa eqinile yesixazululo. Ngenxa namachibi ngu-mpilo emkhathini futhi kumiswa polysulfides, isixazululo ammonium sulfide iphendula aphuzi ngokushesha. Ngakho isixazululo sulfide kufanele agcinwe negabha sekugcwele kuya ngesivalo futhi uvalwe uphawu.

Isisindo yamangqamuzana kuyinto ammonium hydrosulfide futhi 51,11. .. E m Gross-ifomula kohlelo Hill singatlolwa bunjesi: H5NS. Salt ngokubukeka kuyinto kungekho nto enemibala emihle rhombic zinhlayiya. I kwabantu of usawoti elilingana 0.89 g / cm3. Ukuma 120 ° C (ecindezelekile). Ezingeni lokushisa elilingana lo ukuhwamuka futhi Sublimation we umusi reagent. Le ngxube kuyinto oluyingozi emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Ingqikithi okubonakala kalula encibilikayo ETHYL utshwala namanzi abandayo, amanzi ashisayo noma ukufuthelana nge ezidabula kancane. Ukusabela aqueous alikhali. Ngo umoya uyakwazi ammonium hydrosulfide is oxidized, ngakho-ke kusukela isixazululo kungekho nto enemibala emihle lapho egcinwe ngokushesha uphendulela yellow ngenxa ukwakheka polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide angase uzilungiselele ngokuqondile kanjena ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide e diethyl (sulphur) noma odlulayo emoyeni 0 ° C ngo ikhambi ammonia lokweqisa hydrogen sulfide ngu ezothando yokusabela: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.