Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Izincwadi
Biography kanye umsebenzi Tsvetaeva
Omunye siyiqaphele nzima kakhulu abafundi Umlandvomphilo zabantu omkhulu - lena iqiniso elisobala ukuthi bangabantu abangafundile kuphela. Ukudala, indiza okhazimulayo umcabango - lena nje kungesinye isici ubuntu. Yebo, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo zizowubona ncamashi - kodwa ubuso olulodwa eyodwa kuphela. Abanye bangase babe neze. Abantu besikhathi Abaningi engathandeki wabhala mayelana Pushkin, mayelana Lermontov, mayelana Dostoevsky. Ngineminyaka engu azihlukile futhi Marina Tsvetaeva. Life and nomsebenzi lokhu imbongi abekade njalo ukungqubuzana kwayo okujulile kwangaphakathi.
ebuntwaneni
Tsvetaeva - Muscovite. Kulapha 26.9.1892, yena wazalwa. Midnight phakathi ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto, leli holidi Ioanna Bogoslova. Tsvetaeva, njalo nomusa kuqondana izinsuku, futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo ungeze angavamile amadlingozi, ngokuvamile waphawula lokhu Eqinisweni, wabona ke njengophawu ezifihliwe.
Umndeni wayenothile kakhulu. Ubaba - uprofesa, isazi nomcusumbuli. Umama - wopiyano, yena zokudala futhi ngomdlandla. Uhlale wazama oyibonayo izingane amagciwane of wayeyisazi esizayo, bagxilisa inzondo uthando zomculo nezobuciko. Eqaphela ukuthi lab 'Marina kuhlale kunokuthile imilolotelo, umama ngentshiseko wabhala: "Mhlawumbe iyokhula isuka imbongi" I wokwenama, ngoba ahlonipha art - ngaphansi kwalesi simo wakhula Tsvetaeva. Ukudala, ukuphila lonke ikusasa lakhe wazala uphawu lokhu nendlela abakhule ngayo.
Ezemfundo futhi ekhuliswe
Tsvetaeva wathola imfundo yekhethelo, wayazi izilimi eziningana, wayehlala nonina eJalimane, e-Italy naseSwitzerland, lapho owelapha isifo sofuba ngokuphumelelayo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16, wahambela Paris ukulalela izinkulumo ku nezincwadi zakudala Old French.
Lapho Marina engu-14, umama wakhe eshona. Ubaba alalelwa kakhulu ezinganeni: Marina,
nodadewabo ababili nomfowethu. Kodwa wenza imfundo izingane kunemfundo. Mhlawumbe yingakho umsebenzi Tsvetaeva sika inobufakazi ukuvuthwa ekuseni futhi infantilism ngokomzwelo sobala.
Abangane babo abaningi wemikhaya waphawula ukuthi Marina bekulokhu yokubonisana uthando kakhulu futhi ingane nomdlandla njalo. imizwelo ngokweqile, ugqozi kakhulu. Ukuzizwa awusibekela Marina, wayengenakukwazi ukulawula, futhi babengafuni ukwenza into. Akekho ukuthi akazange afundise, kunalokho, wakhuthaza ngokubeka uphawu lwemvelo zokudala. Marina alikho uthando - nonkulunkulu bezinto ezingabonakali into imizwa yabo. Futhi lokhu ikhono liyaziqhenya ngalo mlando omuhle imizwa yabo, ukuze azijabulele, usebenzisa uphethiloli wobuciko, Marina igcinwe kuze kube phakade. Love in umsebenzi Tsvetaeva njalo Phakama, amadlingozi, nomdlandla. Bengazizwa nenhlonipho kubo.
Amavesi lokuqala
Bhala izinkondlo Marina uma kusheshe kwaqalwa, eneminyaka engu-eziyisithupha. Eminyakeni 18 ishicilele iqoqo siqu sakhe - ku imali yabo, wabhala isihloko ezibucayi nomdlandla enikelwe Bryusov. It kwakungomunye sici nobuntu - ikhono zibabaza ngempela Thixo etemibhalo. Ngokuhlanganyela undoubted isipho epistolary lesi sici wasiza tie Marina ujwayele izimbongi eziningi odumile isikhathi. Yena bayahlonishwa hhayi kuphela izinkondlo, kodwa futhi umbhali, futhi wabhala ngemizwa yakhe ngakho ngobuqotho, ukuthi ukubuyekezwa tetemibhalo yaphenduka isimemezelo uthando. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, unkosikazi Pasternak sika, ukufunda izincwadi nomyeni Tsvetaeva sika, bafuna ukuxhumana yekani ngokushesha - futhi ngokuseduze futhi inkanuko izwa amazwi imbongi.
Inani intshiseko
Kodwa lokhu kwaba Marina Tsvetaeva. Ukudala, imizwelo, intshiseko nothando zokuphila kwakungokomnikelo yakhe, hhayi kuphela e izinkondlo kodwa futhi izinhlamvu. Yilokho okwakuyinkinga wakhe - hhayi njengoba imbongi, kodwa ngenxa yalokho ayikho njengomuntu. It is hhayi nje wazizwa ke wondliwa yimizwelo.
indlela Ngokucophelela ithalente lakhe wasebenza uthando, injabulo, futhi baphelelwe ithemba njengoba kubaswa ngazo umlilo, evutha kubo. Kodwa iyiphi imizwa nganoma yisiphi ubuhlobo kudinga okungenani ezimbili. Labo ababhekene nezimo Tsvetaeva, abalala ngaphansi kwethonya siyakhazimula wakhe, njengomlilo Bengal, imizwa, njalo ekugcineni ingajabuli njengazo zonke ezinkulu yimuphi ekuqaleni. Ngangihlale ngingajabule futhi Tsvetaeva. Life and nomsebenzi ekuphileni kwakhe eduze kakhulu okwakuthandelene. Yena ubuhlungu abantu, futhi akaqondanga. Okuningi ngokunembile, kubhekwa zemvelo. Just another isisulu phezu kwelathi Art.
umshado
Eminyakeni 19, Tsvetaeva wahlangana Brunet elihle eliselincane. Sergei Efron kwaba smart, yokubukisa, wajabulela ukunakwa, izintokazi. Ngokushesha UMarina no Sergei baba nomfazi. Iningi lalabo abathatha uhlangothi wayazi wezinkondlo odumile ukuthi ngaso umshado wokuqala, wajabula kakhulu. Ngo-1912, indodakazi yakhe Ariadne wazalwa.
Kodwa ukuphila futhi umsebenzi Marina Tsvetaeva bangaba khona kuphela ngezithukuthuku nomunye. Noma impilo wazishwabadela izinkondlo, noma izinkondlo - ekuphileni. Ukuqoqwa 1913 kakhulu lalinabashumayeli izinkondlo abadala nabasha kwakudingeka nogqozi.
Injabulo yemndeni isime Marina siswele. uthando zasemshadweni ngokushesha laba yisicefe, lokusungula Tsvetaeva edingekayo fuel entsha, nakho ezintsha nobuhlungu - kulapho, ngcono.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuye kwaholela empeleni ukushintsha. Marina uyakuthanda, zagcwala umunyu nokubhala, bhala, bhala ... Yiqiniso, the ngeshwa Sergei Efron akubone. Marina akazange bebona kudingekile ukufihla intshiseko yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubandakanywa esingokomzwelo vortex omunye umuntu ungeze idrama kuphela, kukhuphuke mandla kwemizwelo. Lokhu kwaba emhlabeni lapho Tsvetaeva wahlala. Izihloko lokusungula imbongi, kuba elikhanyayo, engacabanganga, Ukwanelisa inkanuko abanothando uThandeka amavesi - base izingxenye ezimbili linye.
ubuhlobo Sapphic
Ngo-1914 Tsvetaeva wafunda ukuthi uthando kungaba amadoda hhayi kuphela. Sofia Parnok, imbongi abanamakhono futhi umhumushi brilliant, Russian Sappho, sina ukwazi Marina. Washiya umyeni wakhe, eliphefumulelwe futhi wathumba behlobene okungazelelwe ukuzwakala kanyekanye. kweminyaka emibili yathatha lesi ubungani ongaziwa, uthando nenjabulo kanye ithenda simthande. Kungenzeka uxhumano kwaba kaPlato ngempela. Imizwelo - lokho okudingekayo Marina Tsvetaeva. Life and nomsebenzi imbongi like ukuphishekela engapheli into uthando - ngoba uthando uqobo. Happy noma abangajabule, mutual noma unrequited, ukuba indoda noma owesifazane - Akunandaba. Kubalulekile imizwa ecstasy kuphela. Tsvetaeva wabhala izinkondlo Parnok ezizinikezele, kamuva eqoqweni "Umngane."
Ngo-1916, ubudlelwano wayephezu, Tsvetaeva wabuyela ekhaya. Efron engakhonondi waqonda futhi bathethelelwe.
Peter Efron
Ngonyaka olandelayo, izenzakalo ezimbili kungenzeki kanyekanye: Sergey Efron waya phambi njengengxenye White Army, futhi uMarina okuzelwe indodakazi yesibili, u-Irina.
Nokho, indaba nesifiso yokushisekela izwe Efron akuyona ocacile ngakho. Yebo, weza umndeni esihle, kwaba lezinceku Narodnaya Volya, izinkolelo zakhe ngokuvumelana ngokugcwele izimiso White ukunyakaza.
Kodwa kunesihlahla esisodwa kuphela into ngaphezulu. Futhi ngo-1914, Tsvetaeva wabhala izinkondlo ohlolayo anikezelwe umfowabo Sergey, uPetru. Wayekade ukugula - ukusetshenziswa, njengoba umama Tsvetaeva sika.
ipholigoni uthando
Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uzizwa, uSergei Efron? Umuntu kusukela umyeni wakhe ebe isicefe. Unkosikazi idabukile phakathi umngane ongaziwa nomfowabo befa, wabhala izinkondlo abanothando futhi shrugs off Efron.
Ngo-1915, Efron yenza isinqumo ukuze umuntu abe umhlengikazi bese uya phambili. Uya izifundo, uthola ukusebenza isitimela esibhedlela. Gade kuyini lokho? ukukhetha Conscious nje isuke ibangelwa kokubonwa umlandu namkha isenzo yokuphelelwa ithemba?
Marina ukuhlupheka futhi uhlangabezana, idabukile, akabe ukuthola indawo yena. Nokho, lokusungula Tsvetaeva sika kuwo uwina kuphela. Tinkondlo anikezelwe umyeni wakhe ngalesi sikhathi, ezinye ohlolayo kakhulu futhi esabekayo. Yithemba, ukulangazelela nothando - kulezi imigqa umhlaba wonke.
Passion, buqeda umphefumulo, yanqamula ezinkondlweni kule - konke Tsvetaeva. Biography kanye umsebenzi le mbongi balolonge nomunye, ukudala nomuzwa izinkondlo kanye nemicimbi, kanye nemicimbi - izinkondlo umuzwa.
Inhlekelele ye-Irene
Lapho ngo-1917, Efron, siphetfo ugunyaza esikoleni, kokushiya phambi, Marina wasala yedwa nezingane ezimbili.
Kwabe sekwenzekani, Tsvetaeva wokuphila uzame ukugwema ukuthula. Indodakazi encane imbongi Irina, yokubulawa indlala. Yebo, ngalezo zinsuku kwakungeyona into engavamile. Kodwa kulokhu isimo engajwayelekile. Marina ngokwayo akushilo ngokuphindaphindiwe wayengahambisani ingane encane. Abaphila Besikhathi umangalele ukuthi wabhula intombazane, ngokuthi crazy futhi beyiziphukuphuku. Mhlawumbe ingane akazange banezinkinga zengqondo, futhi kungenzeka nomthelela ukushushiswa unina.
Ngo-1919, lapho imikhiqizo baba ngokuphelele okubi, Tsvetaeva enquma ukuthumela izingane zabo kulesi sibhedlela ku gosobespechenii. Poet neze uthande ukuba bahlanganyele inhlokomo yasekhaya, bona bamcasula wakhe, kwavusa intukuthelo futhi bephelelwe ithemba. Ayikwazi ukumelana nenkinga nezingane ezimbili ogulayo, it is, eqinisweni, ibanika yokukhosela. Futhi-ke, ukwazi ukuthi kukhona cishe awekho ukudla, ukudla ingenye kuphela - lo mdala, bathandekayo. Buthaka ingane ngeshwa ka emithathu awukwazi ukumelana nobunzima futhi bafe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Tsvetaeva yena, kusobala, uma kungekhona zondliwe ngokufanele, ngakwazi ukukhuthazela. Phoqa ngokwanele ukusebenza ukuhlelwa ebhaliwe kakade ngaphambili. I Tsvetaeva kakhulu efanayo wakhuluma nhlekelele: uthando Akwanele ukwenza ingane. uthando nje akwanele.
Impilo ka-genius
Lokhu kwaba Marina Tsvetaeva. Ukudala, imizwa kanye nezifiso umphefumulo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu lokuphumula lakwakhe eseduze. Wonke umuntu wayesondelene kakhulu umlilo lokusungula Tsvetaeva abangu olwaluhangukile.
Kuthiwa imbongi waba yisisulu ukushushiswa kwabantu, hhayi zatholakala ziyiqiniso ubumpofu nokuswela. Kodwa ngo-1920, usizi emhlabeni isobala - iningi ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu okwakhuthazelelwa Tsvetaeva - iphutha lakhe. Ngokuzithandela noma ngenxa yezimo abhekene, kodwa kuye. Tsvetaeva bakucabange ukuthi kudingekile ukuba alawule imizwa nezifiso zabo zisesimweni esifanele, wayengumhlali umdali - futhi konke lokho kwase wathi. Izwe lonke babekhonza iminyaka workshop wakhe. Kunzima okulindele ezungezile Marina abantu ukuba ngiziqonde lesi simo sengqondo ngomdlandla. Genius - Yebo, emangalisayo. Kodwa kusukela ohlangothini. Labo abakholelwa ukuthi abadali eduze kufanele bakhuthazelele ukunganakwa, unya, nokuzibona komuntu uthando kuphela ngenxa yenhlonipho ithalenta, kepha-nje asiphili ezimweni ezinjalo. Futhi Akukho ilungelo lokwahlulela abantu.
Funda incwadi nge izinkondlo brilliant - into eyodwa. Zibulawa yindlala, lapho umama akazange bebona kudingekile sakunika ukudla, ngoba nje akathandi wena - kuhlukile. Yebo, umsebenzi Akhmatova futhi Tsvetaeva - yobuciko of izinkondlo Isiliva Age. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ngakho qiniseka ukuthi abantu abahle.
Konstantin Rodzevich
Nge zonke izici ubunjalo Tsvetaeva, ngoba bonke abendlu yakhe, impracticality esisebenzayo Efron namanje wamthanda. Uma impi e-Europe, wabiza umkakhe nendodakazi. Tsvetaeva waya. Okwesikhathi esithile babehlala eBerlin ke iminyaka emithathu - kwasePrague. Lapho, eCzech Republic, Tsvetaeva Kwakunenye indaba - ne Konstantin Rodzevich. Nalapha umlilo uthando, izinkondlo futhi. Ukudala Tsvetaeva yaceba ngu izinkondlo ezimbili ezintsha.
Wokuphila bathethelele lokhu Craze ukukhathala poetess, wakhe yithemba nokucindezeleka. Rodzevich Tsvetaeva wabona owesifazane, futhi uMarina ngakho abalangazelela uthando nenhlonipho. Kuzwakala ngempela iyakholweka. Uma ungenalo cabanga yokuthi Tsvetaeva wahlala ezweni ukuthi indlala. Tsvetaeva, e yokuvuma ayo, kwaba imbangela yokufa indodakazi yakhe. Marina ngokuphindaphindiwe uyakuthanda amanye amadoda, hhayi amadoda kuphela, akhohlwe umyeni wakhe. Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze asize umkakhe ukuphuma ezweni belamba. Angazi uyiphonse - nakuba Yiqiniso, ngingakwazi ukuhlala khona. Hhayi ohlukanisile lapho usufika kuleyo ndawo. Cha Ngamnika yokukhosela wakhe, ukudla ukuba aphile ngokuthula. Yiqiniso, lokho lutho ngempela romance ... kungcono isidina. Ordinary. Yini umehluko fan entsha.
intshiseko European Tsvetaeva
Ngokusho abathile ababephila, indodana ka Tsvetaeva, George - hhayi ingane Efron. Kukholakala ukuthi ubaba womfana kungaba Rodzevich. Kodwa ulwazi olunembile leli phuzu. Labo bezikungabaza ubuyise Efron, Marina akakuthandanga, kwakubhekwa njengento ezingemnandi kakhulu, ezinzima futhi indoda abangathembekile. Futhi-ke, nazo zonke izincazelo kungenzeka, bakhetha ezingemnandi neze, ukujivaza igama imbongi. izizathu zabo kule ukungathandi Were? Mhlawumbe. Le mithombo kufanele omethembayo? Cha Ubandlululo - isitha ubuqiniso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela wakhonza njengephayona isihloko lwaya Rodzevich Tsvetaeva. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke futhi ukuthi ubeyisibenzi ukuxhumana ihlazo lokulala Pasternak, okuyinto siphazamise unkosikazi wale mithandazo, ekutholeni njengento embi ngokwesabekayo, nekhono lokukhuluma. Kusukela ngo-1926 Marina wabhala Rilke, kanye nebudlelwane ihlala isikhathi eside - kuze kufe imbongi edume.
Life ekudingisweni Tsvetaeva edabukisayo. Umkayo unxanela Russia, efuna babuye, ekhononda nalesi sifo nokuthi isizungu. Homeland ngemisebenzi Tsvetaeva iba indaba ephathwayo okuholela kule minyaka. Marina umxhwele temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Uyabhala mayelana Voloshin, mayelana Pushkin, mayelana Andrew White.
Indoda ngalesi sikhathi balithanda imibono wobukhomanisi, uye olubukeziwe salo sengqondo sokungafuni ukuba kombuso wamaSoviet, ngisho wanquma iqhaza benze umsebenzi omningi ngomshoshaphansi.
1941 - Suicide
Hhayi umuntu ogula Marina homecoming. Ndodakazi, Ariadne, kakhulu, odlula ekhaya - futhi ngempela bavunyelwa ukuba bangene ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Khona-ke wabuyela ekhaya Efron, kakade ngesikhathi we zameshenny lokubulala olwalusikisela zezombusazwe. Futhi ngo-1939, ngemva kweminyaka engu-17 of ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, Tsvetaeva ekugcineni, futhi ibuyisela. Injabulo yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngo-August walowo nyaka, eboshwa Ariadne, ngo-November - uSergei. Efron ngo-1941 wadutshulwa Ariadne wathola iminyaka engu-15 esejele, kulandela ukulahlwa ngamacala ubunhloli. isiphetho sabo Tsvetaeva ngakho noma yini futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola - nje ukuthi eduze usaphila.
Ngo-1941, kwagqashuka impi, emtateni ne eyishumi nesithupha indodana waya Yelabuga, e esiphuthumayo. Awunaye imali, akukho msebenzi, ugqozi kwesokunxele poetess. Kuphelile, icasuke Tsvetaeva engenabantu yaphuka 31.08.1941, le wazibulala - walengiswa.
Ubethula wangcwatshwa emathuneni endawo. Indawo ngqo akwaziwa indawo yokuphumula ye imbongi -only cishe endaweni lapho kukhona amathuna amaningana. Kwakukhona eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, isikhumbuzo isikhumbuzo. Iphuzu elilodwa ekubukeni ngqo lokungcwatshwa akuyona Tsvetaeva.
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