ESA: umlando indalo, imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi

было создано в 1975 году. ESA (European Space Agency) yadalwa ngo-1975. Namhlanje, yakhiwa emazweni angu-22. Injongo eyinhloko yawo nhlangano ukubambisana kwamalungu ayo nomunye futhi ezingeni international emkhakheni yentuthuko kanye Ukuhlolwa emkhathini ukusetshenziswa kwaso izinjongo zokuthula.

Umlando sokudalwa

Le nhlangano kwamiswa ngesisekelo izinhlangano ezimbili European ngu ekubumbaneni yabo. Eyokuqala yalezi abathintekayo ukudalwa izimoto kwethulwa, kanti eyesibili - ukuthuthukiswa satellites. indlunkulu ESA Paris. Ngaphezu amalunga agcwele, lokhu kuhlanganisa amazwe ingqapheli eziningana, kuhlanganise Canada, okuyinto ethatha ingxenye kwezinye izinhlelo. Njalo njengengxenye ejensi ohlwini amazwe nane: eFrance, eJalimane, eBelgium, e-Austria, e-United Kingdom, Netherlands, e-Italy, eSpain, eSwitzerland, eNorway, eSweden, eFinland, e-Ireland ne-Denmark.

phetho

Injongo eyinhloko enhlanganweni kukhona isikhala yesayensi ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa, kwethulwa kanye nokusebenza iziteshi othomathikhi interplanetary, laboratory Spacelab, Hubble nabanye. Le nhlangano ngenkuthalo ibambisane National Space Program kwamazwe onengxenye ke. Amazwe ngobukhulu, namalungu enhlangano eyengamela ezindaweni ezithile. Germany eyabelwe umsebenzi ukudala othomathikhi wezimpahla imikhumbi ukuqeqeshwa izikhungo yenkonzo yawo. France ethuthuka namarokhethi kanye iziphuphutheki, okumele kakhulu lula ukuhlola isikhala, futhi kubuye obhekene nomsebenzi we naseKourou. Italy ethuthuka iphenya interplanetary kanye amamojuli ngabo.

izingxenyana kwesakhiwo

Ukwakheka ESA siqukethe ukwahlukana ezinhlanu. Basuke ngokwendawo sisabalale Europe. Eyokuqala Secretariat, ogama yomhlaba wonke ise-dolobha French. Edolobheni i-Dutch of Noordwijk limi Centre for Space Technology and Research, okuyinto kubhekwa main ejensi lobuchwepheshe. Siqukethe amaqembu project eziningi, futhi umnyango ukwesekwa ubuchwepheshe. Kukhona futhi ahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola imishini ezihlobene isiqondiso ezifana ukuhlola umkhathi. EJalimane, wamisa ezimbili nje yebhizinisi. E Darmstadt Space Operations Centre izibandakanye satellite futhi izindawo eliwumhlaba ngokuxhumana nabo. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo itholakala Portsvane osomkhathi owelapha ngokukhethekile ukuqeqeshwa of Cosmonauts esizayo Kanye nokudidiyela zonke spaceflight bavimba European. Edolobheni Italy Frascati usebenza Research Institute, elimalungu alo ahlaziye futhi isebenzise idatha eyatholakala kusukela izinhlelo zokuqapha planethi ukusuka endaweni.

ukuphathwa

I-European Space Agency iholwa CEO kanye neBhodi. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo enza yonke imisebenzi ebhekene inhlangano. Umzimba eyinhloko Council, eyakhiwa abameleli wonke amazwe angama- lungu. Ayamukelayo zonke izinhlelo kanye imisebenzi yenhlangano, avumela isabelomali futhi avuma zonke izindaba zezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhandlu ihamba emazwini noma umbeki ukungena amalungu amasha ku-European Space Agency. Izwe ngalinye has nevoti elilodwa lapha. Bonke gwebo enza ngesisekelo a ngevoti leningi. Maqondana nezindaba zezimali, ukuvunywa zabo kudinga ukusekelwa 2/3 abawugijimayo. UMkhandlu enezinto eziningi imizimba osizayo, indima okuyizinto amakomiti obhekene izinqubomgomo zokuphatha nezezimali, ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo zocwaningo, kwamaZwe nezinqubomgomo ezimbonini.

UMqondisi Jikelele - kuyinto chief executive officer kanye wezomthetho ejensi. Elalela umyalo wakhe konke amayunithi isakhi inhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, limelela izithakazelo zayo NASA nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.

umsebenzi

I-European Space Agency isebenza izinhlangano eziningi futhi amazwe angekho ingxenye yayo. umsebenzi International ingenye izenzakalo ezivelele izinqubomgomo ESA. Ngo-February 2003, i-Isivumelwano esasayinwa ekubambisaneni inhlangano nge ezweni lethu. izivumelwano ezifana nayo namazwe ezifana Poland, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Czech Republic futhi Romania. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imisebenzi ye-Ejensi akugcini Europe. Ikakhulukazi, ngoba eliphezulu satellite esungulwe ubudlelwane ethelayo Japan. Lenhlangano bamatasa ekusizeni ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi ehlobene isikhala-kwamanye amazwe, okuyinto ihlelwe kwabamele izifundo ezifanele.

активно сотрудничает со многими международными организациями. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-European Space Agency ngenkuthalo ibambisane izinhlangano eziningi ngamazwe. Ikakhulukazi, manje ngoba ukuba afeze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo esizayo Meteorological, izifundo ezihlukahlukene emkhathini ukuze ukuqhubekisela phambili ngokusetshenziswa kwayo izinjongo zokuthula, ukuqeqesha izisebenzi ezintsha lezi imisebenzi.