Uhlu imisebenzi eziyingozi - kafushane mayelana nokubaluleka. Ulwazi abasebenzi nabaqatjhi

Ngokwezibalo, namuhla eRussia yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 abaqashwe emkhakheni wezimboni, abangaphezu kuka-5 million (u-40%) abasebenza e-amabhizinisi okuqondene ukukhiqizwa elimazayo. Lawa iyiphi ukukhiqizwa yokusansimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni, izimayini, izinhlobo ezahlukene ifayela eliwumthombo (kwezomnotho, kogandaganda, umgwaqo wokwakha), amabhizinisi akhiqiza zokwakha, ugodo nabanye abaningi. Kukhona lonke uhlu imisebenzi enobungozi kabani abasebenzi basengozini lelitfutfukile ukulimala nezifo emsebenzini.

Hlobo luni izinto ezingabangela ingozi? Aqondakala izimo womsebenzi professional kungaholela ukwehla kahle, ingozi okunoshevu nokwenza imisebenzi izifo, okuyinto yena, kungadala nemiphumela yesikhathi eside enqabayo ngesikhathi impilo, kuhlanganise ingozi yokuba engenanzalo okungenampilo.

izici ezilimazayo zokukhiqiza zihlukaniswe izici ukukhiqizwa imvelo nezinto ezihlobene inqubo zabasebenzi. Izingozi ngokomzimba zokusebenza imvelo (amazinga aphakeme okushisa aphansi, uthuli, umsindo, vibration), amakhemikhali (intuthu, ephefumula amanyela elimazayo futhi m. P.) Futhi imvelo yemvelo. I izici zokwakheka zihlanganisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ingozi yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, isifo sofuba bacterium nezinye esiyingozi igciwane lohlobo esithinta abasebenzi sphere yezokwelapha futhi wezilwane.

izici ezingezinhle yenqubo zabasebenzi - anda ukungezwani ngokomzimba noma wethuke (okusezingeni eliphezulu umsebenzi umfutho).

Uhlu imisebenzi enobungozi kumba eqolo, kuba idokhumenti sivunyiwe, futhi inikeza eziningi izinzuzo ezengeziwe futhi isinxephezelo abasebenzi zokukhiqiza elimazayo. Ngokomthetho Russian, lezi zisebenzi ujabulele ilungelo:

1. Paid ikhefu ezengeziwe inikezwe unyaka ngamunye isikhathi okungenani izinsuku 6 ukusebenza (kufika ku-36) noma ngaphezulu uma kudingeka yinqubomgomo sangaphakathi ibhizinisi. Isisekelo esingokomthetho leli holide iyona "Uhlu zokukhiqiza izindawo, workshop, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi nge izimo zokusebenza enobungozi, umsebenzi lapho litsi ufanele ikhefu eyengeziwe kanye amahora emifushane ukusebenza ', leyemukelwa Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu iKomiti Yombuso wase-USSR ngo-1974 (N 298 / P- 22) futhi ukungabi khona ezinye izenzo ezisemthethweni namanje imibhalo eyinhloko zokulawula in the field. Lolu hlu ubuchwepheshe nelungelo egunyazelwe ukwenza izimboni ngabanye kanye izitolo, futhi iqukethe uhlu imisebenzi enobungozi, inani kuzo zonke izimboni.

Umqashi angeke lenqabele ukunikeza umsebenzi ikhefu noma ukuhoxisa umsebenzi eholidini, ngaphandle namaholide ezengeziwe iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze ngokonyaka futhi ayikwazi sithathelwe indawo isinxephezelo semali. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko abasebenzi banelungelo lokuthola sekhefu esinjalo - abantu emsebenzini komhlaba noma imisebenzi yomphakathi ngasezinkwalini entabeni, izindawo radioactively angcolile, abasebenzi bezempilo, odokotela bezilwane.

2. Ukwehla kokusebenza amahora Imodi, kanye amakhefu ukuphumula futhi Ukushisisa.

3. iholo ngesilinganiso ephakeme, kanye isinxephezelo izimo ezinzima zokusebenza.

4. Personal imishini zokuzivikela, ukudla ezempilo, ubisi daba.

5. wezokwelapha bayohlolwa njalo kwenziwe njalo saziso ngezithukuthuku umqashi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa ubunikazi. Ukuthatha ikhandidethi, umqashi ubophekile ukuhlela kwangaphambilini zokuvimbela wezokwelapha isheke-isisebenzi ukuze abone Izimo kungenzeka lolu hlobo lomsebenzi futhi kuvimbele ozobhapathizwa khona izici ezingezinhle zomsebenzi. Kungenjalo, icala lokulahlekelwa okungenzeka abasebenzi abakhubazekile nokukhokhwa ukunxeshezelwa ngokwezimali kanye nezinye imiphumela umthwalo wonke lomsebenzi. Uhlu imisebenzi enobungozi inikeza ezihlukahlukene nokuphazamiseka kwempilo lapho contraindicated kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.

6. ubudala oyithandayo ngoba impesheni. Kulokhu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abantu afakwe ohlwini imisebenzi enobungozi, ukuqinisekisa umusa yesevisi yempesheni kudingekile ukuba emlandweni ibhuku kwegama isikhundla ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile ngezigaba ikwamukele ngokusemthethweni ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqondi kahle, futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ubukhulu umusa ibalwa amahora langempela wasebenza isikhathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezikhathi umsebenzi, umsebenzi kanye nengxenye lezinsuku zokusebenza ezimweni ezifanele.