Izici isakhiwo kanye ukuphila crustacean. Inani shellfish ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu

Yegatsha wezinto eziphilayo kwakuphathelene cwaningo eziphilayo ezihlala wonke ophilayo, ibizwa ngokuthi wesayensi yempilo yezilwane. Omunye izingxenye zalo ukhuluma ngokuqondile iqembu izilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi - crustacean. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-, izici zokuphila, kanye ukubaluleka shellfish ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu zizohlolwa lesi sihloko.

systematics ezinamagobolondo

Phakathi eziphilayo ezilwane ezingenamgogodla ayehlala iplanethi yethu, izilwane ukuma, okuyinto ehlangana eyisinambuzane hlobo. Ezinamagobolondo ungomunye superclasses lokhu taxon, elimalungu alo baphile ikakhulukazi amanzi ahlanzekile noma ulwandle. ezinye zazo, ezifana woodlice nezwe izinkalankala kuphela abantu abahlala ezindaweni umhlaba ezimanzi. Esikhathini Superclass ezinamagobolondo zihlanganisa: ephansi grade umdlavuza kanye ephakeme ekilasini (decapod) nomdlavuza.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngasinye salezi taxa siqukethe amaqembu amancane taxonomic - amaqembu. ezinamagobolondo Lower ziyisisekelo zooplankton, ngakho zibalulekile ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu. Ngokuyisisekelo, njengoba isixhumanisi esisodwa kuqala amandla eziwukudla, umdlavuza aphansi umthombo ukudla izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo yasemanzini. Ngenxa amalungu oda isopods, copepods futhi cladocerans, izidalwa zasolwandle uthole amaprotheni yokudla egcwele njengoba ingxenye engezansi zomdlavuza umzimba zihlanganisa polypeptides digestible.

Ngo isigaba ezinamagobolondo ephakeme kuhlanganisa eyodwa - decapod, okumelelwe izilwane ezifana izinkalankala, ama-lobster, ama-lobster nezimfanzi.

ezinamagobolondo Avilable

Ngesisekelo division zibe amakilasi kwezilwane ifakwa phezu kwazo zonke umehluko Sakhiwo sangaphandle la magciwane. Ngo umdlavuza aphansi ezifana Cyclops (copepods lamabutho), daphnia (Cladocera lamabutho), chickweed (Isopoda lamabutho), umzimba yakhiwa inombolo-non-njalo izingxenye (izingxenye) ku esitho esiswini nalabangekho. Esikhathini ingxenye yokugcina, kuba imfundo ethize - ekuphambukeni. Umzimba uthambile futhi mncane chitin igobolondo, okuyothi ngalo ayevumela izibilini izilwane.

Ayanda ezinamagobolondo, kabani abamele abe igobolondo kanzima chitinous elifakwe ngomcako, futhi ngisho nhlobo yomzimba phezu cephalothorax nesisu ngenombolo njalo izingxenye kuzo. Ngakho, isikhuphashe golovogrudnom esigabeni 5 futhi 8 izingxenye, ngokulandelana, nesisu has 6 izingxenye. Futhi malacostraca, ngokungafani kuya imilenze ephansi, baye ebhukuda ku esiswini.

Umzimba nangawo imisebenzi

Njengoba kwashiwo phambilini, ukuphila ikakhulukazi ezinamagobolondo emanzini. Ngakho-ke, baye okuthiwa idioadaptation ngokucacile manifest - lithathelwe endaweni ethize: umoya kuyo ebusweni umzimba noma gills kulayini komzimba, igobolondo ehlanganisa chitin futhi ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali amanzi-oxosha izidakamizwa - calcium carbonate.

Systems of ezinamagobolondo ezifana kwegazi, zokuphefumula futhi kwezinso ukunikeza homeostasis - ekugcinweni kokuthula evamile ezingeni umzimba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke ezinamagobolondo hhayi irherho le-closed kwegazi, futhi inhliziyo isikhwama libukeka umzimba pentagonal nge 3 namabhuzu valve. Kusukela ku-cephalothorax nesisu suka imithambo ukuthi athwala igazi athwala izakhi ne-oxygen ukuze zonke izinhlaka izilwane, kuphumele okuxubile umzimba ingaphakathi, ngokuthi miksotselem. Kungoba ihlangene kakade igazi emithambo yegazi ingena gills, okuyinto ebugqilini-carbon dioxide futhi athole nomoya-mpilo, kuphenduke ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Ngokusebenzisa emigodini pericardium, yena ukuba inhliziyo samaqanda.

Szczytno - iqembu uhlobo ezinamagobolondo

Lezi zilwane, okuyizinto iqembu angenasawoti abakhileyo bangaphila amachibi eziyize. Lapho amanzi iyasha, yena schiten wemba emhlabathini futhi isikhathi esithile akaphelelwa ubungqabavu yayo. Amaqanda esabekwa izinsikazi ezansi kwesigubhu zingagcinwa kuze kube iminyaka engu-15. Iyathwalwa kalula ngumoya kanye izinhlayiya inhlabathi, ngakho Szczytno ukuphila cishe kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle Antarctica ezingwadule zase-Afrika.

sokuphila ezinamagobolondo

Abameleli lokhu superclass ukuhlangabezana nazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ayo elula, njengokuhlosa nokumila ngqo ka isikhuphashe, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise izigaba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa libizwa engesobala. Kuyinto ejwayelekile amaqembu copepods futhi cladocerans, futhi kwenzeka komdlavuza ephakeme, isibonelo, ama-lobster noma isikhuphashe. Ezinamagobolondo, abameleli okuyizinto izinhlanzi noma ifomu planktonic elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu, ngokuthi nauplii futhi zoea, esakazwa ngokwemvelo: kuba abakhileyo emanzini asogwini-Australia, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Zonke izigaba ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe ezinamagobolondo ilawulwa isimiso endocrine ethulwa androgenic postkomissuralnymi futhi itheku nezindlala. Bona hormone elawula izinqubo zokuthomba moult futhi tingucuko izibungu zibe abantu abadala.

Inani shellfish ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu

Izilwane okuqondene lamabutho ka decapods ezifana lobster (ama-lobster), isikhuphashe, izinkalankala, ezingaba inzuzo eyigugu ukuhlinzeka uju womuntu futhi kakhulu wamaprotheni amaningi inyama. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kukhona abamele isikhuphashe engezansi: Cyclops, daphnia, nezimbongolo amanzi, okuyizinto ukudla inhlanzi, isibonelo, ka ezifana salmon Sturgeon.

Crayfish, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izikhonzi esibhedlela, ukuhlanza phansi izinsalela ezifile. Nakuba ukubaluleka shellfish ngokwemvelo futhi impilo yabantu esizukulwaneni amacala omuhle iyisikhukhula, kepha ezinye izilwane eziyingozi, ezifana carp izintwala ukubangela ukulahleka okukhulu commercial zinhlobo izinhlanzi. A Cyclops kukhona Sebawoti Lesisemkhatsini izibungu yisinanakazana: Guinea ngiyimphethu, tapeworm ububanzi.

Sesibonile ukuthi lezi zilwane afakiwe uhlobo eyisinambuzane, kuba zinendima ebalulekile zemvelo kule planethi yethu futhi ukubaluleka ezinamagobolondo ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu akufanele ithathwe kancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lezi zilwane (isibonelo, umfula shirokopaly umdlavuza, mantis) ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini, futhi ukubhujiswa kwabo kuyinto yisigwebo umthetho.