Isu lokuthuthukiswa emisha waseRussia kuze 2020. Uhlelo State of the Russian Federation

Uhlelo State of the Russian Federation isibe yithuluzi esiyinhloko ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho. Ukuqamba - iyingxenye ebalulekile intuthuko kwezomnotho zanoma yiliphi izwe. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukufunda isu lokuthuthukiswa komnotho waseRussia ngokuya emisha, izinhloso zayo nezindlela kokusebenza.

Kuyini emisha?

Namuhla, kunamabandla izincazelo eziningi emisha. Ithebula elilandelayo ihlinzeka Luhlatiyo zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo main angaphandle ukuthi ichaze emisha ehlukile. Umuntu owasungula le imfundiso ka Ukuqamba Joseph Schumpeter bazitshela ukuthi ngokutadisha ubunjalo eziphathelene ne izinto mezofitpoyavleniem amasha noma Tindlelanchubo ukuphila komuntu, kuchazwe noma yiluphi ushintsho emisha ezinjalo.

I kabanzi kunazo ke kudalulwe nomqondo emisha izincomo ngamazwe ngokuthi Oslo izinkombandlela kanye Frascati Manual. Kulezi amadokhumenti, elihunyushwe cishe zonke izilimi zomhlaba, umqondo emisha sitolikwa ngenxa umsebenzi, okuyinto njengoba entsha / ngcono umkhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe noma inqubo isetshenziswa umkhuba.

Innovations kuholele sokuvuselela bofeleba netinhlavu zihlanganisa hhayi kuphela emisha ngokwayo, kodwa futhi izigaba indalo, ukuqaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa emisha ukuhlangabezana ezishintshayo izidingo zomuntu.

Yiziphi ezintsha?

Ukuqamba - intokazi, isayensi asathuthuka, ngakho ziningi izindawo sesigaba labo ngemacembu. Innovations ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ubunjalo isicelo, izimbangela, ngezinga kwethonya ukukhiqizwa noma enye inqubo. Ngokwejwayelekile kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa elandelayo ngezigaba ezintsha :

1. Umkhiqizo ezintsha. Basuke egxile ukwenziwa kanye nokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha. Ngakho kukhona igunya ukunikezela phezu funa ngomqondo kwezomnotho. Innovativeness yomkhiqizo kungenziwa libhekene emnothweni Russia phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet.
2. ezobuchwepheshe. Avame ngokuthi Process, ngoba ahloselwe ukulungisa izinqubo kanye nokwenyuka kahle. ezobuchwepheshe nazo ngokuvamile enenzuzo kakhulu, njengoba bakwazi ukukhiqiza imali kwi ukudayiswa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa Umbuso indawo kumnikazi.
3. emisha Komphakathi. Lolu shintsho kule nokwakheka umphakathi nobudlelwano eqenjini elithile emphakathini. Avame owethulwa ukushintsha izinto ezibalulekile emphakathini, isibonelo, okwandisa indima umsebenzi emphakathini ewusizo njengoba kuqhathaniswa izithakazelo abasebenzi.
4. ezintsha zokuphatha. Faka update ikheli ukuphathwa kwenhlangano.
5. ezintsha Economic. Sinomthelela ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho kulo lonke lelo zwe futhi inqubo esebenza ngayo ezimweni ezimakethe ethize ibhizinisi.

UMthetho uhlela ukuthuthukisa emisha eRussia kuze kufinyelele 2020

uhlaka lokulawula ukuze isayensi nobuchwepheshe basungula kusekude ukuba lufike usuku samanje. Ngisho esikhathini Soviet, sisungule imithetho amasu ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho isimo, kuhlanganise imiyalelo ye ukuthuthukisela izimboni ebaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe. Njengengxenye yalezi zinguquko bebelokhu ethandwa emisha iziphakamiso ezivela abasebenzi ukwandisa ukuphumelela ukusebenzisa uhlelo ukusebenza. Kwaba indlela ngempela elula futhi eshibhile akhuthaza abantu yokusondela angajwayelekile ukuze umsebenzi wabo futhi kwenze kube extra imali isabelomali ngqo phansi yokuthuthukisa komsebenzi eziletha umphumela eziphathekayo kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa emisha kuyabonakala iziqondiso indaba ebaluleke kunazo zonke lezi 'bekungu-Russian Innovative Development Strategy kuze 2020 ", 8 Disemba 2011 evunywe Federal Government № 2227-ZU k.

Ludizayinelwe kakhulu ukushintsha esakhiweni setemnotfo, amazinga entsha izici kwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi abaphathi, kanye ithuba Russian kwemkhakha wetemfundvo ukuncintisana abaholi bomhlaba kulo mkhakha.

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso

"Innovative Development Strategy yeRussia kwaze kwaba 2020" inquma izindlela eziyisisekelo futhi izindlela yesikhathi sesimanje kanye ngcono inqubomgomo emisha yezwe. Iqukethe izinkomba ezibalulekile, okuyinto kuhlelwa okumelwe ifinyelelwe ngo-2020. Zingase ziyahlukahluka kuye wokuthatha amagadango elotshwe isu.

Ikakhulukazi, sihlelwe ukwandisa isibalo amabhizinisi zezimboni, okuyoholela ukwanda nokuthengiswa kanye isabelo Russia ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba ubuchwepheshe obusha. Inkomba kubonisa futhi degree kanye nobungako omema Russian ososayensi izincwadi emaphephabhukwini esayensi ngamazwe. Ukuthuthukiswa Nelungelo Lokwenza izinga imfundo ephakeme futhi unikezwa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

ukuqaliswa endleleni

Russian lwentuthuko emisha kuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha e-ejenti kahulumeni, izinhlangano isimo ngokwezimali.
• Yesimanje Inqubomgomo human resources emkhakheni isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, emisha kanye nemfundo.
• Motivation nqgo amabhizinisi ezintsha.
• iqhaza waseRussia ngemiklamo emhlabeni ezintsha kakhulu futhi ukudalwa amaqoqo idinga babe nesu.

Isu "Innovative Russia-2020" luzoqala ikhumbula eziseqhulwini ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezifundeni ezithile kuleli zwe futhi ngempumelelo nesimo usekelo izinkampani ezizimele emkhakheni ngentuthuko yakamuva.

Izinqubo esiyinhloko Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo waqala isimiso ezingeni yase orientation zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe, kanye uhlelo kwesifunda futhi eside sokuthuthukiswa isayense, imfundo kanye emisha.

Izingozi ezihlobene ukuqaliswa

Uhlelo State of the Russian Federation akayitholi njalo izinjongo zabo. Ziyini izingozi ukuthi isu elisha ukuthuthukiswa ezintsha Russia kuze kufinyelele 2020 kuyoba ezikweletini?

Okokuqala, imiphumela engemihle anganika izizathu, ngenxa izici zangaphandle:

• izinguquko izingqalasizinda.
• izinguquko Abasebenzi e izinhlangano amasu kanye apharathasi isimo.
• nokuntengantenga kwezezimali komnotho.

Okwesibili, kuneminyango kunezinkinga okuhambisana nazo:

• Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo kwezemfundo, okuyinto ukubhodloza inqubo obumba ezingaba ezisunguliwe ngokwesayensi.
• Ukushintsha inani ososayensi kwezesayensi lokubalulekile isicelo.
• Ukwehla elibukhali ngezimali umkhakha imfundo.

"Innovative Development Strategy yeRussia kwaze kwaba 2020" kuklanyelwe ukuba baphathe yangempela ukufohla emisha kumnotho wasekhaya kanye nokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle abaseRussia iminyaka eminingi ezayo. I kabusha samanje umkhakha imfundo njengoba focus uyaphinda uqinisekisa uhulumeni waseRussia kulomphumela.