Ethanoic acid. Izakhiwo, ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa

Ethanoic acid (elinye igama - acetic acid) - kuyinto nemiyo organic okuyinto eyisisekelo kakhulu buthaka carboxylic acid. I-derivatives lokhu acid abizwa ngokuthi acetates. Esebenzisa yalolu ketshezi ingatholakala ethanoic acid methyl ester: ethanal = + ethanoic acid methyl ester.
Izakhiwo ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (ifomula - CH3COOH) uketshezi ngaphandle umbala iphunga futhi ukunambitheka ezingemnandi omuncu.
2. hygroscopic. Ngokungenamkhawulo oncibilikayo emanzini.
3. ethanoic acid miscible nge izihlanzi kakhulu. Kuyinto kahle amagesi encibilikayo futhi compounds wezinto ezifana HI (hydrogen iodide), hf (hydrogen fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloric acid) kanye nabanye abaningi.
4. Kukhona njengoba komugqa futhi dimers eyindilinga.
5. I njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating 6.1.
6. lokushisa ukuthungela emoyeni kuyinto 454 degrees.
7. amafomu ethanoic acid azeotropes ne-carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene futhi bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid ingatholakala ngezindlela eziningana:

1. ngu oxidizing acetaldehyde nge-oksijini evela emoyeni. Le nqubo kungenzeka kuphela khona kulethe - acetate manganese at lokushisa kusuka 50 kuya ku-60. Ukusabela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (i-oksijini) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. Izindlela oxidative esetshenziswa umkhakha. Ngaphambili I-ethanoic acid namachibi ka-butane olusetshenzisiwe futhi acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized kuphela khona acetate manganese ngesikhathi ingcindezi ephakeme kanye lokushisa. Isivuno ethanoic acid kwaba mayelana asithoba anamihlanu amaphesenti.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane ukuthi oxidized at lokushisa 150 200. Uma lokhu acetate ayibe uba kulethe.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Kodwa ngenxa Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthandwa amanani kawoyela, zombili lezi izindlela baba akuzuzisi futhi ngokushesha base ngelinye ngu inqubo esebenza kahle esengeziwe carbonylation ka methanol.

3. carbonylation okhanda amanye amathuba methanol - kuyindlela ebalulekile ukuze acid zamagama ethanoic. Kwenzeka kwesibalo okunemibandela:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Kukhona futhi kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqizwa indlela esebenzisa ikhono nezilwanyana ezincane ukuze oxidize ethanol. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvutshelwa acetic. Uma le isetshenziswa njengophawu eluhlaza impahla aqueous ester ETHYL utshwala noma etanolosoderzhaschie okusamanzi (ayo isibilile). Lokhu multi-step inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Singasho esachazwa kwesibalo elandelayo:
CH3CH2OH (utshwala ether) + O2 (i-oksijini) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
isicelo

- ethanoic acid aqueous izixazululo obusetshenziswa embonini ukudla, ukupheka kanye nokulondolozwa;

- ethanoic acid isetshenziswa ukudala izinto odoriferous nezidakamizwa (acetone, acetyl);

- asetshenziswe ukudaya nowokunyathelisa;

- njengendlela medium ukusabela ngenxa namachibi kwezinye izinto eziphilayo (i-hydrogen peroxide namachibi of sulfides);

- kusukela ethanoic acid ngazimbili abe nephunga ezingemnandi okubabayo, ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni ammonia.