Virunga - Ipaki kazwelonke e-Democratic Republic of the Congo. Incazelo zezitshalo nezilwane. National Parks eDemocratic Republic of the Congo: uhlu

Umngcele Uganda kanye Rwanda, empumalanga yeCongo, ke ingenye amasayithi UNESCO - Virunga. National Park iyona endala e-Afrika. It is basakaza phezu indawo 7800 amakhilomitha square, eduze homonymous iqembu wentaba-mlilo idwala kulolu hlangothi futhi echibini abadumile Kivu nezinye. Insimu ihlanganisa amathafa namahlathi, amaMoor nezigodi, nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo neziqongo ezembethe iqhwa ambozwe we Rwenzori izintaba, amachibi acwebile ithafa lava. Kuyinto ekhaya engaphezu ikota lokusinda zezintaka entabeni gorilla ezisengcupheni yezindlulamithi - okapi nezinye izilwane eziningi, izinyoni kanye nezitshalo.

Leli paki

umhlaba Olubanzi ihlanganisa endaweni kusukela lweLake Kivu kuze kufike emfuleni Semliki (Yiqiniso maphakathi) engxenyeni esentshonalanga komngcele esifundeni eMpumalanga ye-Afrika i-iphutha. Territory eqhubeka futhi ngokwemibandela ihlukaniswe emikhakheni emithathu:

• Northern - izintaba eziqongweni seqhwa Rwenzori, ICES okuyinto ungomunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamanzi ukusuthisa iNayile; kulapha kanye esigodini emfuleni. Semliki ukwazi ukuhlangabezana okapi;
• wemboni emaphakathi kuhlanganisa Lake Edward emathafeni Ishasha, Rutshuru futhi Rwindi, liyisikhungo eyinhloko ukwehluka zezinyoni nezilwane, kuhlanganise imiphakathi enkulu, izindlovu, izimvubu, njll.;
• wemboni Wik kuhlanganisa wentaba-mlilo lava ithafa iNyiragongo Nyamuragira nokuthi yiziphi esebenzayo, kanye nezinye iphakama Virunga uchungechunge; iningi endaweni embozwe namahlathi aminyene ahlala ama-gorilla ama-entabeni kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi lezimfene ekhaya.

Amaqiniso kusuka emlandweni kwepaki

Ngokokuqala ngqá nobunjalo acwebile into njengoba namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i Virunga (National Park okwamanje), babhekana ngo-1902, ibutho induna German O. iBering, ngubani phakathi ukuzingela njalo eduze kwaphezulu igorila lasezintabeni wabulala Sabino osayizi enkulu kakhulu. Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi bahlale lapha abakwazi. Hunter wasikisela ukuthi uhlobo olusha lwesitshalo, ngakho wathumela usosayensi isilwane ubulawa skeleton eJalimane. Ukuqhathanisa anatomy kwezinhlobo eyaziwa wezinkawu kusuka Afrika uthumele izinto, bathola umehluko morphological amaphuzu 34. Ngemva konyaka, lesi silwane kwachazwa umcwaningi uPawulu kaMaki, kodwa iminyaka engu-20 ezayo umsebenzi ku ekutadisheni kwenkondlo zenyathi entsha kumisiwe. Lokhu kuchazwe eyinkimbinkimbi isimo geopolitical futhi isimo engaqinisekile zensimu.

Ngo-1921 waya bomkhankaso entabeni eholwa olungisa izikhumba zezilwane American futhi umqophi semvelo Karlom Eykli. Wathola izilwane ezinhlanu eyayigcwele ukuze Museum, kodwa umphumela eyinhloko wonke umsebenzi wakhe wayengekho ke. Ukubuka gorilla omangalisayo, wafunda eziningi izici zokuziphatha, wathola ukuthi bahlala ngamaqembu alingana nomkhaya esitebeleni ekuthunjweni kungenzeka umane izolahleka ngaphandle izihlobo zabo. Yasho nokuthi inombolo yabo akuyona omkhulu kangaka, ngakho izilwane oswela ukuvikelwa kanye nokulondolozwa izindawo zemvelo. Singasho ukuthi lesi kwakuyisiqalo salokho ukusungulwa isimo esikhethekile endaweni yemvelo njengoba Virunga. National Park lavulwa ngo-1925 futhi ngaleso sikhathi wazala egameni leNkosi u-Albert. Eykli yalo kuchazwa mathupha zihlanganisa zonke izindawo uhlalwe gorilla. Igama layo lokugcina kwepaki atholakala ngo-1969, ngemva cishe iminyaka eyishumi ukuthola ukuzimela of Congo.

Zezilwane esiqiwini

Kumila epaki kanye nokongiwa yayo kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa gorilla entabeni, njengoba kunjalo, mhlawumbe, abakhileyo main, ivikelwe ngokukhulu ukucophelela kanye novalo. Ziyakwazi on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. umnikelo omkhulu semvelo wenza D. Fossey owabulawa ngokungemthetho kwepaki ngo-1985. Isinyathelo esithuthukile ku ukuphepha izinhlobo eziningana ukuba ngcono isimo, kodwa entsha empini ngo-2008 kwaholela ekuthatheni ekomkhulu endaweni evikelwe. Gorilla esizayo kanye waphinde wasongelwa kusuka ezinkulu ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. umonakalo okukhulu kwenziwe, futhi zonke izilwane zasendle bebonke. ezivikelwe, ikakhulukazi emahlatsini amathafa - iyikhaya inyathi nezindlovu, izindlulamithi, izimfene, warthogs, antelopes, amabhubesi, izingwe, njll of the Congo - .. Izwe kuphela emhlabeni lapho okapi uhlala (ngezansi) - nezinselo ezivulekile, esigqoke ukuphulula we giraffidae umndeni.

Inani okapi ncamashi akwaziwa, kusukela izilwane ngasese futhi nginamahloni, kodwa ukulinganisa anolaka kuyinto abantu 10 kuya kwezingu-20. History of the ukutholakala yefomu sekube ngasuthi main etshalwe lokujabulela kwekhulu lama-20. Okapi - isakhamuzi emahlathini kanye kunikwe amandla ngqo amahlamvu ngakho ngenkuthalo ukugawula imithi phuca hhayi kuye kuphela, ekhaya, kodwa futhi ukudla. Futhi uhlushwa nezenzo zomuntu hhayi kuphela lezi zilwane. Iminyaka 45 inani izimvubu Sehle ngo kayi-30, inyathi - e 40 Afrika ehlathini indlovu - 10.

Izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo

Ngo nobukhulu esiqiwini kubanga abangaphezu kuka-800 zezinyoni, 25 babo sendawo kuya ngokuphelele noma yikuphi emhlabeni ungayitholi aziqaphele. Eduze amanzi emaxhaphozini, ungabona cormorants, bitterns, ibises, skimmer, darters, nengqungqulu, warblers, abameleli kitoglavov ploceidae. Ezindaweni ezinkangala uhlalwe zezinyoni ezingavamile ezifana Sunbird Rockefeller pestrogrudka ezinkulu, bananoedy futhi Blackbirds Oberlander. Of abameleli besigaba ezihuquzelayo zivame kakhulu ezitholakala nenhlwatsi, yezinyoka, le Jameson Mamba, abamnyama-lukhuni amathe cobra, Nile Gada kanye ingwenya, eyabonakala futhi amanzi oMfula Semliki akunjalo kudala.

Izakhamuzi emifuleni nasemachibini

Okubonakala enkulu kakhulu kumephu, Lake Edward Kuzo zonke izindikimba omkhulu wamanzi e-Afrika kuyinto ephansi. Le ndawo yamanzi ubuso bayo - mayelana 2325 amakhilomitha square, itholakala endaweni engamamitha 920 amamitha. ukujula Maximum isethwe ngaphakathi 12 metres, kodwa eqinisweni isilinganiso -. 17 m Kuyinto, ngakho musa ihluke ezihlukahlukene esikhulu kakhulu engajulile zezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi ubuswa zinhlobo emndenini cichlids. Sinenkosi uhla enkulu osayizi - kusuka 2,5 kuya ku-1 m - nomzimba bobunjwa. Nokho, izakhamuzi zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe noma yini kodwa izinhlanzi kanye izimvubu (bheka isithombe. Ngenhla), ehola yokuphila semi yasemanzini. izilwane Huge (nesisindo esingamathani 4) ngomoya udlubulunda, futhi "ezimbi" uhlamvu ngaphandle ubudlova, futhi, kukhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka inombolo yabo sehle cishe 95% uyavuma ukuthi sibalo esethusayo. inyama yezilwane Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa bendawo ngokudla, eyangaba yayo zenani ezingaphezu kuka amazinyo endlovu, kungani kukhona ukuzingela ngokungemthetho yande kangaka.

izwe yemifino

flora esiqiwini sika wehlukile kakhulu. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi Virunga - National Park, lapho ewela ngu esishintshashintshayo eziningana biogeographic. On insimu kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 2,000 zezitshalo. Foothill nezigodi iyona amakhambi umthetho yendawo kusuka undersized kuya phezulu, esimweni sokuqala ubuswa okusanhlamvu njengommbila Imperata cylindrica. Kukhona futhi izihlahla olulodwa: .. Gingerbread isihlahla Adanson, baobab njll Shrub amathafa kanye nasemahlathini ngokuyinhloko egcwele ngomuthi futhi combretum, okuyizinto eziningi ikakhulukazi eduze kweChibi Edward. Esogwini kuyinto zebungu ezivamile, ezivamile ngomhlanga, nutsedge. Kancane kancane sithathelwe indawo emahlathini emvula esingangeneki endawo eyihlanze kanye obukhulu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho ingxenye, kwesigamu esemgwaqweni ngaphezu 1800-2300 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Kukhona ezikhulayo zasendle wesundu, uqalo, ngenhla 3000 m - Heath, Erica Arborea, nogoplodnik nabanye.

izintaba-mlilo epaki

Ingxenye eseningizimu yale ndawo kukhona ingxenye ezimboziwe lava ithafa wentaba-mlilo Virunga Massif. Yena sidlula endaweni lamazwe amathathu, yayo ukuphakama - 4.5 km. I chain entabeni iqukethe izintaba-mlilo eziyisishiyagalombili, ezimbili zazo zitholakala eCongo. Lava ithafa kwakhiwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo asebenzayo, sifikile kobuso semali basalt lava. Nyamuragira intabamlilo ubhekwa esebenzayo kakhulu yonke le zwekazi. Kusukela yaqala ngoba ukuqhuma observation lalivela izikhathi 35. Lava ithafa luthathe indawo 1.5 sq. M. km. Eyesibili mlilo - iNyiragongo (ngenhla), kusuka 1882 kuya ebusweni udaka isiqhume izikhathi 34. Umsebenzi ezimatasa sabhalwa ngo-1977, kwakungeyona into ngaphandle izisulu womuntu.

Ukuvikelwa wama-gorilla

Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ka esiqiwini Virunga ezingajwayelekile noma sendawo, kodwa focus namanje entabeni gorilla, okuyinto njengamanje esongelwa yokuqothulwa. Isimo nzima njalo sempi yezikhali esifundeni. Amaphekula abazingela ngokungemthetho bebulala izilwane hhayi kuphela kodwa rangers. Ngakho, ngo-2007, ngosuku olufanayo wabulala wonke umndeni wama-gorilla ngo-abantu abahlanu. Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi simo lithuthukile kancane, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa umsebenzi ezinikezele rangers ngubani ngokoqobo ukuphila kwabo engozini ukuze kulondolozwe lolu endaweni yemvelo. Konke lokhu Yiqiniso, kudinga capital investment global. Ingxenye livela Umhlaba Wide Fund for nemvelo, okuyisibalo ethile ivela embonini yezokuvakasha kanye isimo uqobo. Ngezenzo ukusiza kwepaki nezinhlangano ezizimele. Abaholi bekulungele ukwamukela noma iluphi usizo ngangokunokwenzeka - ngezinto nokudla ukudluliselwa kwezimali. Impela hamba kuhlanganise ekwakhiweni lukagesi, okuvumela ukuvikela izindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe kusuka Ukungena nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni kanye nezinye izimenywa engadingeki.

Ukuvikela izindlovu

Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu, eziqinile futhi zihlakaniphile, Isimanga siwukuthi, basengozini kakhulu. Ihlathi izindlovu, kanye gorilla entabeni, angabizwa ngokuthi izakhamuzi main Virunga epaki. kushushunjiswa kwetimphahla eyangaba lendlovu okubangela umonakalo imiphakathi yamazwe lezi zilwane. Ipaki gamekeeper waphenduka usizo ukuze umhlaba wonke, bakulungele ukuhlanganyela epini yokulwa nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, kodwa kudinga izibhamu iyunifomu, imishini. ukuphila Okubalulekile lesilwane ngasinye, imali eningi ichithwa kuhlanganise ekwelapheni eyayilimele futhi abagogekile. Ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi izilwane ukungenwa ukucindezeleka ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele sifo, efana kwenzekani kubantu. Ngaphezu ukwelashwa, izindlovu kudingeka nokuvuselelwa, noma ziba nolaka, ukungazinzi ngokwezomnotho ngokomzwelo futhi umonakalo kubo bonke umhlambi uwonke.

Izinja-zomsebenzi

Bloodhound inja zohlobo eyaziwa ngokuba umuzwa omuhle kakhulu iphunga ikhono udavlivat umzila. Isilwane uyakwazi ukucacisa iphunga wayefisa abanye abangaba izigidi ezinhlanu, okusenza sikwazi ukugcina umkhondo abantu, ngisho sezwe nzima. Insimu kwepaki lisabalele futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu sezwe: ezintabeni (Ruwenzori, Virunga) lava Amathafa, emathafeni futhi amathafa, amaxhaphozi kanye namachibi. Kubalulekile buthelela zonke izinqolobane ukuze kulondolozwe lolu ucezu eyingqayizivele nature. zizalela yephrojekthi ukusetshenziswa izinja kule Virunga epaki ukuvikela futhi njengoba bloodhounds eholwa uDkt Marlene Zahner. Ngo ifeze izinhloso zayo ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakho ukusebenza ndawonye amaqembu abantu kanye Bloodhound siyasebenza kakhulu futhi ewusizo.

Okunye zokulondolozwa eDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zindawo ngokuqinile evikelwe hlala 15% endaweni Imininingwane yezwe, iningi lawo, uma sibala nje eyisisekelo kunazo futhi oluphelele.

1. Garamba - epaki enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-state, omunye omdala e-Afrika, indawo - 4480 square metres. km. Enyakatho kukhawulwe amathafa kanye zezikhotha utshani obude, eduze zaseningizimu, esikhundleni ihlathi ongaphakeme kuqala bese igalari futhi amahlathi emvula. Ngo epaki nje eminyakeni embalwa edlule Ngahlala umbono esiyingqayizivele - esenyakatho ubhejane omhlophe. Manje kukhona emithathu kuphela abantu kwalesi silwane, bahlala esiqiwini Kenyan.
2. Upemba - reserve, esisogwini Kibar ithafa nokuba indawo 11,73 sq .. km. It lavulwa ngo-1939, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku zonke izitshalo nezilwane ezihlala kuwo, ezingazange afunda, futhi abanye, mhlawumbe, akwaziwa ukuthi isayensi. Flora kuhlanganisa mayelana 1800 zilwane.
3. Kahuzi-Biega - indawo sesikhashana eningizimu. amahlathi Virgin tropical welulela esinqeni izintabamlilo ezimbili yokuqothulwa, okwakunginika igama kule ndawo. Area 6 sq. M. km. Lena ngenye yezindawo zokugcina uhlalwe zezinyoni ezingavamile wezinkawu - esempumalanga gorilla ezisezansi, yenani labantu - ngabanye 250 kuphela.

Virunga - National Park, kumephu izwe nje agqoke dot obomvu. isikhundla sakhe ziyingozi ngakho nabangaqinile bakuhlanekezela, kusongela ukulahlekelwa ubuntu esiyingqayizivele izinto zemvelo kanye namakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane nezinyoni.