Gidon Kremer: Biography nemisebenzi

Phakathi violinists eziningi owanika izwe isiko Soviet umculo esikoleni, Kramer akaconsi. Talent, iphindwe echichima umsebenzi umthamo, kanye esicacile yomphakathi - zonke lezi izimfanelo efanelwe udumo ezinkulukazi emhlabeni wonke. Into esemqoka ukuthi lokhu kwakuhluke Gidon Kremer ekuqaleni kwakhe umsebenzi Ukusebenza - ukuphishekela ukujula semantic, ukuthola facets entsha ingokomoya.

Lokhu kubonakala ukukhethwa kubulawa imisebenzi bomculo ababefuna amafomu amasha - engavamile futhi original. Ekwenzeni i-violin classical, yena - a virtuoso ngomqondo esiphezulu igama.

Violin esizukulwaneni sesine

Waqale wacosha ithulusi ezandleni zakhe Kuthe eseneminyaka engamashumi amane nesigamu. ngokuvamile Gidon Kremer akushilo ukuthi Isiphelo sakhe kokuvalelwa ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Umndeni bonke babengaphansi violinists, kanye nekhono umculo kwadluliselwa a ezakhini zofuzo. Lapho ngo-February 1947, Riga emndenini uMarianne UMlungisi Karlovna Povich Kremer watala indvodzana, ukukhetha umculo wakhe umsebenzi babebonakala lemvelo.

Umkhulu nal - Karl Bruckner - wayaziwa e-Europe, i-violin futhi musicologist, futhi Riga - uprofesa wase-Conservatoire. Yena naye wazalelwa emkhayeni abaculi eJalimane, futhi lapho kufika amaNazi waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele, okokuqala e-Estonia, bese eLatvia. Mhlawumbe, e isiphetho abadingisiwe, noyisemkhulu, noyise, ogama umndeni kwadingeka abantu abangaphezu kuka-30 - izisulu Kwesizwe, singabona umsuka umbono wepolitiki Gidon, oye waphikisana njalo nodlame nesimo amelane nalowo muntu, ngokumelene enolaka inqubomgomo kazwelonke kunoma yiliphi izinga.

School of ubuhle

Uthisha wakhe wokuqala Gidon Kremer ubelokhu kubhekwe uyise. Kusukela ke wathatha umqondo oyisisekelo ukuthi ingaba yimpumelelo kuphela ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi onzima. Njengoba kwaphawula UMarkus Filippovich, inqubo ye ukudlala i-violin kuyadingeka ukuze balukhulume engu-16, kungenjalo kuyobe sekwephuze kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amahora yansuku zonke amakilasi baye sekuyinsakavukela ngokuba umculi odumile kusukela zisencane. Ukuthola imfundo methodical zomculo, waqala ukutadisha ngesikhathi Riga Umculo School. Emilya Darzinya.

Ngo-1965, wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yeSoviet Union, bangena eMoscow Conservatory, lapho eba umfundi we-violin brilliant Davida Oystraha. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukuqeqeshwa mfundi osemncane ekhetha ukusayinda kakhulu nzima ngobuchwepheshe imisebenzi, futhi ekupheleni somculo wazakhela udumo lokhu virtuoso, okuyinto esivela kule musicality ekhethekile nowokuqonda kokubili yobuciko zakudala izitayela ezintsha ukujula ubuciko violin.

Ukuqashelwa lokuqala

Ekupheleni isigaba Ngonyaka Oistrakh okukhulu, ngo-1969, Gidon Kremer uhlanganyela Violin Umncintiswano Genoa. Uhlelo umncintiswano kuhlanganisa phakathi kwezinye izinto Caprices ukukhishwa Paganini, ogama lakhe igqoka lokhu mncintiswano abadumile. I abasha violin Soviet umklomelo wokuqala. Ngawo lowo nyaka waba owawina umklomelo wesibili emncintiswaneni yendabuko owawusedolobheni Montreal, uphuthelwe kwasekuqaleni Vladimira Spivakova.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke e ukuthuthukiswa umsebenzi umculi zaqala Tchaikovsky Umncintiswano eMoscow. Ngo-1970, baqala umnikazi we umklomelo wokuqala phakathi violinists Gidon Kremer. Izithombe umculi osemusha ishicilelwe zonke ehola izincwadi umculo emhlabeni wonke. Ukunqoba Ezinhle wamenza igama violin abasha adume ngempela. Njengoba liqala ekhonsathini umsebenzi asebenzayo Kremer ezindaweni embulungeni yonke.

abakwamanye amazwe

Yena akazange azibheke njengoba ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni ecacile, futhi izinkulumo zakhe isekhona namanje qakala izinkambiso zakulelo zwe, okuyinto uqulekile ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, futhi lowo baba owalandela eSoviet Union. Kodwa akazange wazama angena ukuphila olusemthethweni Soviet, okuyinto kulawulwa imiyalelo izikhulu nemizimba ngemibono. Phakathi umculo wakhetha ukwenza okuningi lowo awuzange Kunconywa ngabaphathi imisebenzi eminingi labo ababengabendlu ahlaza bomculo amaSoviet nasemakamu mva entshonalanga.

Wayengumuntu abangane nge Alfredom Shnitke, yena waba umculi wokuqala umculo wakhe. Wayedlala Sofyu Gubaydullinu, Edison Denisov, Giya Kancheli - bomculo omsebenzi wakhe lingatholi ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe ku kohlaka art ideologically lesifanele. Violin, winner yangaphambili imincintiswano eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe, awuzange ukhishwa noma isiphi isiqu olusemthethweni ekhaya.

Ngo-1980, phakathi ngalabo ababeshiye eSoviet Union futhi ogama lakhe wawuvinjelwe kuleli zwe, waphenduka Gidon Kremer. Biography of violin Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye elihlobene ne Germany. Ikhonsathi kuqala ezweni ngemva kwekhefu Kwabathatha iminyaka eyishumi kuphela kamuva.

izinto eziza kuqala

It kungokwalabo abaculi abazizwa ukuzijabulisa nokungcebeleka isici awuwona yini ongelutho kunayo art yakhe. , Cabangela izilaleli abakwazi ukuba ngiziqonde umculo, ezahlukene kusukela imiklamo bagqugquzela futhi kungase kutholakale wathi ecasula kakhulu kuye. Ngenxa yalokhu, Kremer ngokuvamile eshayisana izinkampani irekhodi futhi ekhonsathini abagqugquzeli, ongathandanga engozini ukunakwa lomphakathi, ukunikela imisebenzi yakhe engavamile futhi zokuhlola, umculo kudinga umzamo ethile engqondweni nangokomzwelo.

Violin zakudala uhlala ngaye impahla eziyisisekelo ukusebenza bukhoma. abathandi Umculo baziswa incazelo yakhe eyingqayizivele imisebenzi ohlwini isigaba ethandwa. Kulokhu, Gidon Kremer ka Schnittke, Gubaidulina ka mayelana Astor Piazzolla, Filippe Glasse uthi, njengoba iphakama zomculo akuzona zincane kunalokho Bach, Beethoven noma Tchaikovsky. Cacisa izilaleli endleleni kubo - umsebenzi uyakufanelekela yimuphi umculi sina.

Gvadalini, Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati

I virtuoso abadumile Kremer wake wathi, ukuthi engazizwa kuye ithuluzi anakho isipiliyoni ukudlala i-violin imisebenzi wesimanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wagcizelela ubuhlobo obukhethekile phakathi umculi ihabhu lakhe, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezingaqondakali. Ukuvumelana lobudlelwane ingafinyelela le magic, uthi Kremer. Gidon Markusovich yathi lucky ukudlala kwi amasampula esivelele ekukhishweni le genius.

Violin wenza Dzhovanni Batista Gvadalini, yena wayezuze kumkhulu wakhe - noKarla Bryuknera. Langisiza ukuba bawine i-Tchaikovsky Umncintiswano. Empilweni yakhe babe Stradivarius futhi Guarneri, awunikela limelela abaculi abadumile ekamelweni-orchestra wasungula "Kremerata Baltica". Namuhla, idlala i izinsimbi zomculo zasendulo nakakhulu, wadala e 1641, umsebenzi Nicolo Amati.

Sendleleni

He is ngaphakathi indiza njalo. recitals eziningi, ukusebenza nge abasha abaculi Baltic bahlangana "Kremerata Baltica", ephelezelwa impumelelo efanayo. Yena wakhulelwa ihlelwe Chamber Music Festival e Lockenhaus, Austria, okuyinto sekuneminyaka eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Kremer ishicilele izincwadi eziningana temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ngokuphila kwakhe, ukuthi ngenkuthalo uphendule imicimbi emikhulu, kuhlanganise indawo eRussia.

"Kuze kube namuhla, ukufunda ukuphila ...!" - ngakho wabhala esihlokweni Gidon Kremer. ukuphila Siqu njengoba ngumculi kusho ngempela ivumelane. Indodakazi - Anastasia futhi ethandwa e actress Russian ne-TV lika Kremer - by wavuma siqu, qhubeka ajabulise uyise kuze kube manje. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo umculi - ukuthuthela yokuhlala unomphela ngo ezweni mlando, ngaphandle ukunciphisa ijubane umsebenzi wokudala.