Endryu Dzhonson - UMengameli lweshumi nesikhombisa United States of America: Biography, umsebenzi

Endryu Dzhonson wakhethwa ukuba likaMengameli we-United States ngo-1865. Wabusa esinye isikhathi futhi wakwazi ukubhala igama lakhe emlandweni kuze kube phakade.

Kwakuwuhambo sibalo impikiswano. Ngisho kwamanje, umphakathi wase-America, kungekho ukuvumelana phezu nokuhlola imisebenzi eyayisenhliziyweni yale ndoda. Abaningi izinqumo zakhe ngeke phakade nkambiso basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle American. A izibonelo zomthetho Johnson wakhuthazela iminyaka leminyenti.

Endryu Dzhonson: A Biography

Kudabuka khona umengameli lweshumi nanhlanu ngo-Ephreli 1865 e North Carolina. Abazali bakhe gade babalimi abavamile. Little Andrew isebenza nabo, ngokusiza banakekele sokuvuna. Ngemva kokufa umdala Johnson ilungiselelo umndeni wakhe uwela emahlombe unina, osebenza njengoba wezingubo. Ngenxa yesimo esinzima kwezezimali, Andrew ithatha umsebenzi njengoba umthungi. Ukusebenza ngiqeqeshwe, naye uthola amakhono ayisisekelo yokufunda nokubhala. Ngakho workshop esikhundleni kuye esikoleni. Ngemva kweminyaka engu Endryu Dzhonson eshiya ekhaya futhi zayiswa Grenville. Kube kuvula umsebenzi walo - esitolo. Okudingekayo Ukuze unkosikazi indodakazi sokuthunga izicathulo wendawo.

Qala sezombusazwe umsebenzi

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, uhlale wahlanganyela self-imfundo. Funda isayensi eyisisekelo. acumen yakhe ebhizinisi futhi wathola ngesikhathi namakhono yokufunda ukuvumela izinto phezulu. IMITHETHO workshop ikuvumela Johnson ukwenza utshalomali. Ngo Tennessee, uya ekolishi wendawo. Uthatha ezombangazwe. Ngokuvamile uyakwazi ukusebenzelana nabantu izilomo isimo.

Ngomnyaka wamashumi amane nantathu Endryu Dzhonson wakhethwa ukuba Congress. Ngenkathi uhulumeni, uqala ngenkuthalo ukusakaza usithonye. I inzuzo ibhizinisi ezikhulayo, okuvumela ukuba nomthelela izinqubo zezomnotho kulo lonke isimo. Johnson wakhethwa umbusi eminyakeni eyishumi.

U-Abraham Lincoln uqobo eze emhlanganweni ephethe ikhanda entsha isimo. Ngalesi sikhathi injabulo iyaqala eningizimu kakade. I ukungqubuzana kusondele senyukele ngxabano ahlomile, ngakho umongameli kunesithembiso izinkulumo nabo bonke abantu abanethonya aseNingizimu.

Ukuqala kulwiwa

Endryu Dzhonson emelelwa Tennessee - isimo senceku. Ngesisekelo umnotho walo wawenziwe wezolimo. emazweni Wik babe evundile kakhulu, isimo sezulu is ezifaneleke ukutshala ukotini, ugwayi, nokusanhlamvu ahlukahlukene. Nokho, kwakukhona ukuntula kwezimboni. Cishe bonke umkhakha wezwe u bagxila kule North. Abantu njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu Tennessee babe slaveholders. ukusweleka Labour (cishe zonke abasuka elaseYurophu azinza North) ukuthi inxeshezelwa izigqila yaletha esuka Afrika. Unyaka sixtieth yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ku Southern United States ayeyizigqila abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

Industrial North kwadingeka izihlalo ngaphezulu Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye olwenziwa imithetho yayo siqu, ezazingekho ezigqila inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, sizama ukulondoloza ukuphila senhlalo nesomnotho uthi abo, South aphume Union. Lokhu kuholela ekuqaleni kulwiwa. ngokushesha-Abraham Lincoln ukumemezela ukugqugquzela, futhi iqala nokuvinjelwa. Johnson uhlala ayesekela umongameli. Ngokungafani nezinye nababusi South, ke ayisekeli umbimbi kanye secession.

Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ke unawo isikhundla salo. Ngo-April, ayisithupha nanye Andrew ohilelekile ukuthuthukiswa Crittenden-Johnson Ukulungiswa. Lithi amabutho Union ukuphishekela izinhloso zokuthula futhi ezilwa ngenxa isimo, hhayi ngoba nokuqeda ubugqila.

Turncoat noma Patriot?

Ngemva nje kokugqashuka impi Johnson siphela izindawo ezazilawulwa northerners. Akutholayo Lincoln iphini likamengameli. Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe ukuthi le aphoyintimenti ehlangene nezifiso populist Lincoln. Uma ekholelwa ukuthi aphoyintimenti a high post southerner ezinjalo kuzonciphisa igagasi nobutha uthi ukuvukela. Kuyaphawuleka entsha Vice-President of the United States of America ukuthi vusmert ephuzile kokugcotshwa kwakhe njengomengameli. UJohnson uthe, "somlilo" inkulumo lapho yena eqhosha ngokubhubhisa ukuthi ivelaphi (okuthiwa "ethandwa") futhi wagxeka isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona of the Empire, Russian.

Ukulandela aphoyintimenti Andreya wabuye wathola isikhundla kwezempi. Nokho, iqhaza ngqo ezingxabanweni bengalamukeli. Apreli lweshumi nanhlanu ubulawa Lincoln.

Ababulali zahlela susa futhi Johnson, kodwa behluleka ukufinyelela kuye. Ekugcineni, 17 UMengameli waseMelika uthola isikhundla hhayi ngenxa ukhetho, kodwa ngenxa kokufa eyandulela.

Johnson Board

Njengoba umengameli, Johnson waqhubeka inqubomgomo anokuhambisana, inkambo eye yathuthuka, kuyilapho umbusi. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha isikhundla, waqala unezinkinga. Ukusekela ke wenqaba Democratic Party. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengesona kubuketa Inqubomgomo ekufezeni uthi wanqoba. U-Andreya waya okukhulu ukuqashelwa secessionists. Abaningi ngisho aqala ukusola kwakhe wokuba nozwela umbimbi. Ngemva ukuxabana eqenjini ngo Johnson uqalise nge iCongress of the inkinga. Phakathi kwemithetho yokuqala umongameli 17 US vetoed umthethosivivinywa, owenza izindlela isibopho esiphathelene uthi eningizimu.

Ingxabano ngamandla esiphezulu

Ngemva kwalokho, Congress uvotela bill, okuyinto usungula ukulingana yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe US, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaluphi uhlanga. Johnson yakhe futhi ivinjiwe. Crisis kwaqina emva le ngxabano ngqo iKhabhinethi. Omunye the ningi ardent bangi umengameli bekulokhu Defense uNobhala Stanton. Wenqaba ukwenza eziningi oda we-White House.

Administration yehlulekile ukuthola izinto esivumelana ngazo kule inkinga Congress, ngakho Stanton kuchitha Endryu Dzhonson. US President mathupha ikhipha umyalelo efanele. Nokho, Umkhandlu Wezigele akazange ayisekele isinqumo esinjalo. Cishe ngazwi linye uNgqongqoshe wabuya ehhovisi lakhe. Kuvele ukuvukela evulekile ngokumelene White House izinto zaba zimbi nakakhulu Johnson.

Yena enquma ukungaqhubeki azinikele futhi ungene ngxabano evulekile. Esikhundleni okuthiwa aphanga Defense uNgqongqoshe Andrew ukhombe protege yakhe Jikelele Thomas. Lesi sinqumo vzbudorazhivaet Congress. Stanton uyenqaba ukushiya kokuthunyelwe kwakhe kuleli zwe kukhona ngesimo esingavamile. amagatsha amabili uhulumeni akhiphe oda engqubuzanayo. Ukuphendula izenzo umongameli amakheli iSigele ukuze the House of Abamele. Kwakamuva ukuqalisa kuthathelwe izinyathelo ekuqhutshweni. Nokho, Johnson ophethe ukuvumelana namanye amalunga, futhi uhlala kokuthunyelwe kwakhe.

Ekupheleni kokubusa

Ngonyaka ayisithupha nesikhombisa Andrew kuphetha idili kwesibhamu noMbuso Russian mayelana Alaska.

Ukuze imali akukuningi ukuthenga US endaweni enkulu, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo uzokhokha zonke izindleko ukuze ithengwe yayo. Nokho, nakuba lesi sehlakalo waya engabonwa. UMongameli wase-United States of America ekugcineni salahlekelwa ukuqiniseka abantu akazange ngisho inkathazo ukusebenzisa ihlandla elisha.