Ukuqedwa serfdom: kafushane ngezimbangela nemiphumela

Ukuqedwa serfdom, kafushane ngezizathu, preconditions nemiphumela iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, kwaba isici oye ihlukaniswe ukuphila kwabantu futhi emlandweni wezwe lethu ibe izingxenye ezimbili: ngaphambi nangemva. Naphezu ukuguqulwa ovulekile abalulekile esinjalo, u-Alexander umkhululi ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ezimpilweni zabo. Kodwa namanje, yini nako kwamenza ukuthatha leso sinyathelo?

Ukuqedwa ka serfdom: kafushane ku izimbangela preconditions

Ngakho, njengoba wazi, uMbusi u-Alexander II ethathe ubukhosi ngesikhathi omunye izimpi, eyabonisa ukuthi izwe lidinga ukuba kulungiswe. Lesi ngiso sizatfu sekufa lokuqala - iMpi YaseCrimea, noma kunalokho umphumela wayo. By the way, ngokwazi ukuthi iRussia idinga kwekuhlela kabusha yesimanje, isibe omunye imiphumela le nkathi. Okwesibili, kungase kuqashelwe futhi inhlekelele ohlelweni izinduna emphakathini kanye ukukhathala okwengeziwe kwezomnotho ka. Okwesithathu, esimweni ngaleso sikhathi lanqoba , kungevani kahle kutenhlalo, okungase kungabi isisekelo sokuguqulwa olwengeziwe. Ngakho, izizathu ukuqedwa serfdom (uhlu kafushane nabo) elele phezu futhi ayikwazanga kungaqashelwa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kabusha Sekuyisikhathi eside uthuthuva. Ngokwazi izici ezengeziwe ukuthi bafake backwardness lobuchwepheshe kanye nokungathuthuki embonini, umkhakha esindayo xaxa, kanye umkhiqizo aphansi kakhulu.

Ukuqedwa serfdom: kafushane ngenqubekela yezinguquko

Ukuze afeze ushintsho ezinkulu isakhiwo somphakathi kwakungelula, kodwa u-Alexander II wanquma ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo. Kuze kube yimanje, e 1858 uyala ukusungula ikomidi (main wendawo nasezifundazweni), okuzokwenza ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona sokuthuthukiswa lo mbono. Phela izinkinga ziye ihlaziye, ngemva konyaka based Special Commission, okuyinto uhlela esinye isimo ebese izingozi. Ngokulandelayo, ngobusuku bangaphambi izinguquko, uMkhandlu State esekelwe lolu shintsho, okunikeza imvume yayo ekusebenziseni. Futhi, njengoba wazi, ngoFebhuwari 19 ngonyaka ofanayo kufika Manifesto abadumile, etshumayela abantu Russian manje khulula.

Ukuqedwa serfdom: kafushane ngokubaluleka

Ukubaluleka kwalesi isenzo ovulekile u-Alexander II lalinabashumayeli iinjamiso ezilandelako:

• Ukwakhiwa emakethe enkulu zomsebenzi.
• isinyathelo esikhulu yekwakha zomphakathi esikhathini esizayo lwenziwe.
• nokungathuthuki wezoMnotho kanye retardation ngakwazi ukubona kancane iqedwe.
• Saqala ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba ukungalingani lombhalo.

On top of ukuthi kwakukhona amaphuzu negative kulolu hlu. Ngokwesibonelo, indlala ongumlimi umhlaba, okuholela izintela ezimba eqolo, ngivuka kungevani kahle kutenhlalo ngenxa ukunganeliseki bamazwe, abalimi unpreparedness ngokwengqondo ngoba inkululeko.

Ngakho, ukuqedwa serfdom ngo-1861, esifushane okwakubekelwa ezichazwe ngenhla, isinyathelo sokuqala ezitebhisini esikhulu omude izinguquko ezinkulu zika-Alexander umkhululi, eqinisweni kwanikeza abantu inkululeko namalungelo.