Umbono wobuzwe obusemthethweni

ERussia, kusukela ekubuseni kukaPeter Omkhulu, imibuthano yokubusa yabona isidingo sokwakha isigaba sabo sabantu abafundisiwe. Nokho, lesi simo sasiphambene kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi eRussia "abantu abafundele" bavame kakhulu "ukungabhubhisi" kwezisekelo - abaphikisi be-absolutism. Mayelana nalokhu, kamuva uNicholas ngangingenakuqhathaniswa ngokukhanyisa. Phela, umbuzo wokuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo eRussia wawusondelene kakhulu nomunye udaba, okubaluleke nakakhulu - ngokulondolozwa kwesistimu ekhona.

I-ideologist ye-"conservative", isenzo sezombusazwe ezizimele e-Uvarov (uNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo). Wayebheka njengento esemqoka ukukhomba umsuka owenza izici ezihlukile zaseRussia, kungokwakhe kuphela. Nguye owathi ngo-1832 wakhetha u-triad owaziwayo "ubuzwe, i-autocracy, i-orthodoxy". Le triad yaba yisisekelo. Kwakusekelwe enkolweni yabantu base-Uvarov.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukungafani okuyisisekelo ekuthuthukiseni komlando waseRussia neYurophu, uNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo uzimisele ukuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwamasiko nokukhanyisa kanye nomqondo wesidingo sokuba umbuso wezombusazwe njengendlela yesistimu yezombangazwe ekhona embusweni waseRussia kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imfundo yaseWestern Europe yenze izingxabano ezishintshayo. Nokho, eRussia, "i-oda" laqina, njengoba lithembele ekungaqondakali futhi engaziwa ekuqaleni kweYurophu. Umbono wobuzwe obusemthethweni wahlanganisa imibono nemicabango ekhanyisa mayelana nobumbano, ukubumbana okuzithandela kwabantu kanye nokubusa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakungekho amakilasi ahlukene. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, umbhali wenkolelo yobuzwe obusemthethweni waziwa njengezombusazwe njengendlela eyodwa kuphela ehulumeni waseRussia. Ngama-Orthodoxy, kwakusho ukuthi abantu baseRussia kuphela babenkolo kakhulu. Ngokuvumelana namakhulu eminyaka, isiphakamiso sobuzwe obusemthethweni sisho ukuthi i-autocracy yiyona yodwa ifomu elibambe iqhaza ekwenzeni ukugcinwa kobuKrestu bobuKhotho, okwakubonisa ukuziphatha kwangaphakathi nokukhulekela kombuso.

Ukulalela umsebenzi wokulondoloza uhlelo olukhona ezweni, Uvarov ubeke phambili umqondo wakhe. Kwahlanganiswa ekudalweni kwezikhungo zemfundo kanye nokuqondisa, okungeke nje kulimaze uhlelo lwezwe, kodwa luzoba yinye yezinsika ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Kuhlala nje kuphela ukuthi kunqume ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezemfundo kuthiwa kuyini. Kodwa-ke, uNgqongqoshe WezeMfundo akazange akwazi ukuphika ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezigwegwe ezintsha eRussia ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwemibono yesayensi yanamuhla yaseYurophu kwakungenakwenzeka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube yilesi sikhathi izisekelo lapho inkolelo yesizwe esisemthethweni isekelwe khona yabonakaliswa ngandlela-thile ngandlela-thile. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalo mqondo, uNgqongqoshe wazibeka umsebenzi wokuqondisa yonke uhlelo "lwemfundo yokuqala" yaseRashiya. Ngakho-ke, imfundo, ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kohlaka olusungulwe ngumqondo, ayikwazanga ukushukumisa umyalelo okhona.

Umbono wobuzwe obusemthethweni waqaphela isiphakeli njengesibusiso kuhulumeni kanye nabantu. Lolu hlelo lunikezela ukuxhomeka komuntu oyedwa komunye, ukuxhaswa komuntu ophakeme, ngokusekelwe emasimini ahlala emphakathini. I-oda nesiyalo, uthando lwenkosi, ukulalela umphakathi, ukulawulwa kwamandla kahulumeni kwakubhekwa njengezimfanelo ezingcono kakhulu zomuntu. Ngakho-ke, emfundweni yobuzwe obusemthethweni, umoya wenkathi kaNicholas I wabonakaliswa ngokuphelele.