"Titanic" yacwila like? Ukuwa "Titanic": umlando

Kuye kwaba ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-100 kusukela nenhlekelele edabukisayo ye omunye imikhumbi elikhulu ngesikhathi sako. Kodwa kuze kube manje, umhlaba akazi zonke izimfihlo efihla elikhulu futhi ebonakala asicekeleki "Titanic." Njengoba yacwila umkhumbi, utshela impahla.

Ukulwa imidondoshiya

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka kwenchubekelembili zobuchwepheshe. Namabhilidi, izimoto, ama-movie - bonke bakhuluma ngesivinini angaqondakaliyo. Inqubo wathinta nemikhumbi.

Emakethe e 1900s zakuqala, kwakunokuvungama okuningi wokuncintisana amakhasimende phakathi izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu. "Cunard" futhi "White Star Line" - amabili nobutha yenethiwekhi enqamula, iminyaka eminingana ligcwaliswe umholi kwesokudla ensimini yayo. Era okusha kuye kwavula amathuba ezithakazelisayo izinkampani, ngakho eminyakeni, imikhumbi yabo bathola ezinkulu, ngokushesha futhi zizinde ngaphezulu.

Kungani futhi kanjani ayecwila "Titanic" namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi. I boldest wabo - umkhonyovu. Wawunamafutha ngenhla inkampani "Star Line".

Kodwa-ke wavula umhlaba izindiza emangalisayo "Cunard". On oda ngesitimu ezimbili kwelivamile "Mauritania" futhi "Lusitania" Yakhiwa. Izethameli wahlatshwa umxhwele ubukhulu babo obubabazekayo. Ubude mayelana 240 m, ububanzi 25 m, ukuphakama kusukela waterline labagibeli isikebhe 18 m. (Kodwa lezi nemingcele kuthiwa lidlule eminyakeni embalwa, ubukhulu "Titanic"). imidondoshiya ezimbili oyiwele naye umkhankaso ngo-1906 futhi ngo-1907 ngokulandelana. Bona yaphuma phambili imincintiswano ehlonishwayo futhi beat wonke amarekhodi isivinini.

Izimbangi "Cunard" kwaba ngodumo ukunikeza impendulo ezanele.

Isiphetho trio

"White Star Line" yasungulwa ngo-1845. Phakathi rush igolide ngathola ukuthi fly kusuka eBrithani kuya e-Australia. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, inkampani ligcwaliswe "Cunard". Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwamanzi yehliselwa, "Lusitania" futhi "Mauritania", umsebenzi ukudala amaphrojekthi kumnandi ukuthi idlule izimbangi brainchild eyayibekwe i- "Star Line" onjiniyela. Isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ngo-1909. Ngakho umqondo ezintathu-class "-Olympic" ihamba. Ama-oda abazenzi inkampani "Harland Ukuphela Wolfe."

Lokhu Maritime Organization udume umhlaba wonke ngenxa izinga ekhiqizwa izitsha, induduzo okunethezeka. kuza kuqala yayingekho esheshisa. Izikhathi eziningana "Star Line 'kubonakaliswa kanjani hhayi ngamazwi kodwa nangezenzo, ukuthi uyayikhathalela ikhasimende. Ngakho, ngo-1909, ukushayisana lwemikhumbi ezimbili, umkhumbi wabo wema amanzi izinsuku ezimbili ngaphezulu kuka wazibonakalisa izinga layo. Nokho, ezintathu "-Olympic" wahlupheka amabhadi. Lo mkhumbi lokuqala lalibizwa kaningi yawela ingozi. Ngakho, ngo-1911, kube sasibhekene impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Hawke", kusukela ayamukela umgodi imitha-14, waya iyokhandwa. Wahlupheka amashwa kanye "Titanic." Ngesikhathi phansi olwandle, wayengumuntu ngo-1912. "Britannic" bathole kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho kudlalwa indima esibhedlela, futhi ngo-1916, yasha ngumuntu okwami German.

Sea isimangaliso

Manje singakwazi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi izifiso enkulu babé isizathu esenza kwakukhona baphihliza ka "Titanic."

Ukwakhiwa wesibili ezintathu-class "-Olympic" ezinkantolo akuzona ngaphandle abalimala. Ithimba Project 1,500. Imibandela zazinzima. Ukukhathalela nokuvikeleka akwanele. Ngenxa yokuthi kwakudingeka Ukusebenza endaweni ephakeme, eziningi abakhi ekhungathekile thina. Abantu abangaba ngu-250 balimala kabi. Amanxeba Amadoda ayisishiyagalombili lalingahambelani ukuphila.

Ubukhulu we "Titanic" hit. ubude balo 269 m, ububanzi 28 m, ukuphakama 18 m. Kungaba ukufinyelela ijubane 23 ifindo.

Ngosuku lapho umkhumbi wehlela phezu kwamanzi, phezu kwaleli chibi bahlangana izibukeli 10 000, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona i-VIP-izivakashi bese ucindezela ukubona isitsha esikhulu ngokungavamile,

Sibe sesiqhubeka ngemisebenzi komkhumbi.

It esake imemezele usuku ngendiza yokuqala. Ukubhukuda iye kaMashi 20, 1912. Kodwa ngenxa ukushayisana bomkhumbi wokuqala ku-September 1911 we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Hawke" ingxenye abasebenzayo wayiswa "-Olympic." indiza okuzenzakalelayo lihlehliselwe u-Ephreli 10. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwesibhamu indaba "Titanic."

ithikithi kwesibhamu

ukuphakama kwakhe akhiwa nanye ngendlu, futhi ubude babuyizingalo yomine edolobheni. Izingcingo, zommbila, siqu igridi kagesi, ingadi, esibhedlela, izitolo - konke ibekwe phezu umkhumbi. amakamelo zikanokusho, yokudlela zokudla emihle, umtapo wezincwadi, indawo yokubhukuda bese ejimini - konke yayitholakala eliphezulu ekilasini, abagibeli unqambothi. Okunye amakhasimende Ayephila ukuphila okuphansi. I amathikithi eqolo izindleko, ukuhumusheka izinga lokushintshisana namuhla, ezingaphezu kuka-50 000 zamaRandi. okufushane Economic we $ 100.

Umlando "Titanic" - indaba izingqimba ezahlukene ke umphakathi. gumbi Sawubona elalihlala yimpumelelo, ubuntu owaziwa. Amathikithi athengwe ku-yesibili ekilasini onjiniyela, izintatheli, isigungu sabefundisi. onezitezi Eshibhe izifiki.

Ukutshala iqale ngo 9:30 am mhlaka-10 Ephreli e-London. Ngemva izitobhi eziningana liner okuhleliwe saya eNew York. Sekukonke, ibhodi bahlala phansi ukuba abantu 2208.

umhlangano edabukisayo

Ngokushesha ngemva ophumayo olwandle iqembu aqaphela ukuthi umkhumbi kungekho omabonakude. Isihluthulelo ibhokisi beyigcinwa lapho, ubengekho. Lo mkhumbi ngawo kufanele asithinte kanjani umzila nephephile. okhethiweyo wakhe kuye isizini. Entwasahlobo amanzi wayegcwele zeqhwa, kodwa kwakuthiwa ungase kanzima kulimaze liner. Noma kunjalo, induna wanika ukuze ushayele emgwaqweni zonke "Titanic" ngazimbili. Njengoba mkhumbi wacwila, okuyinto, ngokusho abanikazi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sizike, kamuva bayitshela abagibeli, ababe nenhlanhla ukusinda.

Izinsuku ngomkhumbi wokuqala bathula. Kodwa ngo-April 14 umsakazo opharetha ukuthola izixwayiso eziphindaphindiwe mayelana zeqhwa ukuthi sasishaywe indiva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa ebusuku kakhulu kwehliswe. Njengoba yaziwa, iqembu benza ngaphandle omabonakude, futhi umkhumbi omkhulu onjalo akazange ifakwe floodlights. Ngakho-ke vperodsmotryaschy ngaqaphela yeqhwa amamitha 650 kuphela kude. Umuntu waziqamba isibonakaliso kwebhuloho lapho isikhulu lokuqala Murdoch wayala: ". Ake reverse" "Phendukisela kwesobunxele" futhi Lokhu kwalandelwa umyalo, "Kwesokudla." Kodwa umkhumbi hulking bekuhamba kancane kule zijike ngokushesha. IBhodi ishayisane yeqhwa. Yingakho kwakukhona baphihliza ka "Titanic."

Hhayi bezwe lapho kuhlatshwa umkhosi

Ukungqubuzana senzeke 23:40, lapho abantu kwadingeka cishe bonke babelele. On emphemeni ongaphezulu igalelo kwaba ongabonakali. Kodwa phansi kuhle zishaqeke. Ice holed 5 neminyango, basukumela phezulu sigcwale amanzi. Ngokuvamile, ubude imbobo kwaba 90 amamitha. Umklami Tomas Endryus ukuthi umonakalo onjalo emkhunjini izothatha isikhathi esingaphezudlwana nje kwehora. Amatilosi ukuzilungiselela kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Radio opharetha adlulisele i SOS.

Ukaputeni wayala ukubeka isikebhe ekunakekeleni abantu besifazane nezingane. Ithimba uqobo yafua ukusinda, amatilosi eqinile ngakho wasiphakamisa Izigwedlo. Ngokuyinhloko wabaleka abagibeli ocebile "Titanic." Kodwa amathuba bonke akwanele.

Zisuka nje, liner awuzange ngokwanele ifakwe konke okudingekile. Umkhawulo ekusindiseni abantu 1,100. Ngemaminithi ekucala kwakuwumyalezo kungabonakali, umkhumbi aqala ukwehla, ngakho abagibeli ekhululekile abazange baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi ngokungathandi akhwela esikebheni uhhafu ezingenalutho.

Izikhathi zokugcina isimangaliso-umkhumbi

Lapho liner asivumelani ngokuqinile ekhaleni bent, kukhuphuke uvalo mass phakathi abagibeli.

Ekilasini lesithathu kwesokunxele uvaliwe ingxenye yayo. Riots Kwagqashuka, futhi abantu bazama ukubaleka ngendlela engcono kakhulu ababengenza okukhulu. Ezokuphepha wazama ubeka izinto ngononina futhi bethukile isixuku isibhamu ezivela isibhamu.

Ngenkathi ngidlula eduze ngesitimu "California," kodwa akazange azamukele lapho kucelwa usizo aphuma kuso eseduze. Babelala umsakazo opharetha okuthunyelwe. Thanda aminzisa "Titanic", kanye nesivinini kuyo waya ezansi, "Carpathia" kuphela babazi ukuthi ngesibusiso ngesivinini esiphezulu balibangisa kubo.

Naphezu 'amasignali zokucindezeleka, imizamo ezimele ukubaleka baqhubeka. Pumps akhishwa amanzi wayesekhona ugesi. Ngezinye 2:15 ukuwa ipayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwacima izibani. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umkhumbi sadabuka nengxenye, ngoba ikhala amanzi yazuza futhi yacwila. Aklaba lokuqala wasukuma, bese ingcindezi siqu amaphutha ayo isisindo imoto.

Chill kwalasha

Ikhala ayecwila okusheshayo. Okuphakelayo imizuzu embalwa waya ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa ngenkathi bezinhlamvu yayo, izindlu, ifenisha bentanta phezulu. Ngezinye 2:20 kwakushintsha ngokuphelele emanzini umkhumbi omkhulu "Titanic." Njengoba mkhumbi wacwila, namuhla zibonisa inqwaba sici amafilimu nemadokhumenthari.

Abanye abagibeli abangu izama kanzima ukusinda. Kwamenywa bagxumela jackets ku black kwalasha. Kodwa kolwandle abangenasihe kumuntu. Cishe zonke eba yiqhwa kuze kube sekufeni. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lona izikebhe omabili, kodwa niphilele endaweni yesehlakalo babe amayunithi. Ngemva kwehora kwavela "Carpathia" wathatha labo abasala.

Ndawonye induna umkhumbi waya phansi. Bophulwa abantu 712 kuzo zonke abathenge ithikithi "Titanic." Abashona 1496 zenzeka kakhulu abameleli besigaba wesithathu, abantu abafuna lolu hambo uthinte ukuba okuthile kwenzeke, futhi oyifunayo.

umkhonyovu ekhulwini

Amabili "-Olympic 'isitsha ekilasini eyakhelwe eyodwa project. Ngemva Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala kwesokunxele ukubhukuda, mina ngaphuma amaphutha akhe. Ngakho, ukuphathwa isinqumo ukuze ungeze "Titanic" eminye imininingwane. Encishisiwe indawo ukungcebeleka, sanezela onamakamelo amabili. Ukuze yokudlela enamathiselwe cafe. Ukuvikela abagibeli kusukela sezulu esibi, emphemeni yavalwa. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka umehluko eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, nakuba esikhathini esidlule kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa kusukela liner "-Olympic."

Inguqulo lokho "Titanic" ngaphansi kwamanzi akuzange kuzenzakalele nje, obungagutshuzelwe Robin Rardiner, ac ezindabeni navigation. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, uyasuka abaphezulu futhi washaywa "-Olympic" sithunyelwe.

umkhumbi Changeling

Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala wethulwa ngaphandle umshwalense. Ukuba wazibonela izingozi eziningana, waba umthwalo ebuhlungu inkampani. ukulungiswa Permanent zidinga izimali omkhulu. Ngemva lomonakalo kreyseom, umkhumbi waze wathumela emuva ukuya eholidini. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba esikhundleni umkhumbi omdala entsha ukuthi kuphephile nokuthi efana "Titanic". Njengoba mkhumbi wacwila, ayaziwa kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ngemva kwale nhlekelele inkampani "White Star Line" wathola isinxephezelo round.

Hlela owayenecala ngale nhlekelele wayengekho kanzima. Bobabili mikhumbi yayingamamitha endaweni efanayo. "-Olympic" kwalungisa yezimonyo, emphemeni kabusha futhi ethe njo igama elisha. Nezimagqabhagqabha imbobo steel ezishibhile esenza buthakathaka emanzini iqhwa.

isiqinisekiso kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela

ubufakazi ebalulekile ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba.-version kunamaqiniso obungenakuphikwa. Ngokwesibonelo, yokuthi tycoons emhlabeni futhi kuphumelele, abacebile ngokucijile ngendlela engenabulungisa belahla uhambo eside elindelwe ngayizolo. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka umnikazi kaJohane Pierpont Morgan. 55 kuphela namakhasimende amathikithi unqambothi kukhanselwe. zonke imidwebo eyigugu zisusiwe futhi kusukela liner, imigexo, amasheya igolide kanye nengcebo. Kukhona umqondo wokuthi abagibeli elibusisekile "Titanic" ukwazi imfihlo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, induna esimisiwe Edward John Smith, ababesenethonya waya "-Olympic." Ngokuphindaphindiwe, waphawula ukuthi lokhu kwaba ebaleka zokugcina empilweni. Wayekanye amazwi beqonda njengoba linjalo, njengoba itilosi esezakuvula umhlalaphansi. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwaba isijeziso ngamaphutha esikhathi esidlule Commander emkhunjini odlule.

kuphakama imibuzo eminingi ngenxa yomngane womshado kuqala kukaWilliam Murdoch, wayala ukuze ujike kwesokunxele bese ujike isipele. Isixazululo efanele kulesi simo kungaba ukuze uye ngqo futhi bahlanganise ekhaleni lakhe. Kulokhu, "Titanic" ezansi kwakungeke.

Esiqalekisweni the mummy

Iminyaka, kwakukhona izindaba abebesendizeni ingcebo enkulu. Phakathi kwazo kunane-mummy ka uFaro Amenhotep umboni. Ngisho 3000 edlule, owesifazane wabikezela ukuthi umzimba wakhe uyowela amanzi futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukukhala abantu abangenacala owafa. Kodwa abagxeki anikholwa iziprofetho zeqiniso, nakuba awusebenzi ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imfihlakalo "Titanic" ongakabi wavula.

Kukhona le nguqulo: owayenecala ngale nhlekelele kuhlelwe zokumisa lobuchwepheshe ekukhuleni komphakathi. Kodwa lo mbono kuyinto ngisho esingaphansi ozwakalayo kuka inganekwane mummy.

Amanxiwa amanga ngesikhathi ka 3750 amamitha ukujula. Ukuze liner eyenziwa amashumi diving ezinkulu. Iqembu labacwaningi ubelokhu futhi Dzheyms Kemeron - umqondisi ifilimu we ifilimu abadumile.

Kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi izimfihlakalo "Titanic" namanje nesithakazelo futhi ajabulise abantu.