Parliamentarianism - a ... parliamentarism eRussia

uhlelo lasePhalamende - a uhlelo lukahulumeni emphakathini, esibonakala by ngokwahlukana ecacile zomthetho imisebenzi. Kulokhu, sakhiwo esiphezulu zomthetho kufanele anesikhundla nelungelo. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngalokho parliamentarianism eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, izigaba lasungulwa nezici.

Kuyini ePhalamende?

IPhalamende - ephakeme umzimba ummeleli wombuso. Isebenza ngokugcwele futhi ayokhethelwa by labantu yezwe. Kwaba ukuxhumana kwakhe nabanye zikahulumeni ubizwa ngokuthi "parliamentarism". Lokhu sikhungo nakho libhekene ubukhulu emkhakheni zomthetho.

IPalamende yenza imisebenzi ethile: ummeleli, Integrative kanye zokulawula. Eyokuqala ukuthi uwukubonakaliswa intando izakhamizi. Abantu njengoba umthombo ematheni amandla kanye nabezindaba ophakeme amandla ePhalamende egameni layo ukuba igcwalise indima zomthetho. umsebenzi Integrative itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kuyinto igunya kazwelonke ukuze uxazulule izinkinga. Futhi, iPhalamende ecelwa ukuba iqondise izithakazelo ahlukahlukene zenhlalo, okuyizinto abakhulumeli amaqembu ezombusazwe. sici yakhe yesithathu wukuthi imithetho esungulwe ngazo umlamuli eyinhloko yobuhlobo nomphakathi.

izimpawu parliamentarism

uhlelo lasePhalamende - uhlelo nokuxhumana phakathi kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. izimfanelo zayo letihlelekile naletingakahleleki zomthetho, okuyinto ngandlela-thile, ingabe okuqukethwe kuMthethosisekelo, imi kanje

1. Ukwehlukanisa zomthetho neyokuphatha amandla.
2. Isimo elibusisekile abasephalamende ukuzimela ngokomthetho kusukela abavoti.

Zikhona nezinye izimpawu, kepha livikeleke umthetho.

Parliamentarism ongakaphathelani amafomu ethize zokubusa. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa sici zonke ekubuseni kwanamuhla kwentando yeningi. parliamentarism Russian futhi umi ngokomlando moya umphumela ukuthuthukiswa setepolitiki isimo.

Umlando wezwe ePhalamende

Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka VI. BC. e. Athens izakhamizi abacebe akhethwe umzimba collegial - yemidlalo yeCouncil of ezine. Kodwa kumiswa parliamentarism ngomqondo walo wanamuhla okwenzeka ekhulwini XIII. Lokhu kungenxa ukuvela e-England sehlangano ekhethekile ummeleli. Nokho, amandla angempela iPhalamende uthola kuphela emva eminyaka linemibhikisho XVII-XVIII. Khona-ke, e kakhulu emazweni Western Europe avele omele zazishintsha zaba nemizimba isishayamthetho.

Ngo 1688 eNgilandi waphasiswa soMqulu wamaLungelo, yakhishwa okokuqala kuchazwe yiPhalamende uhlelo lukahulumeni. Lapha amandla okushaya imithetho babelwa kuye. Futhi, omunye wemigomo esemqoka ye parliamentarism umiselwe. Wathi izikhonzi wemfanelo emzimbeni omele isiShayamthetho.

Ngo 1727 ePhalamende okokuqala eNgilandi lamiswa ngo-party isisekelo.

Ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa parliamentarism eRussia

uhlelo lasePhalamende - ngokuyinhloko omunye izikhungo yelinyenti. Uye muva uvele Russia. Kodwa ekuqaleni parliamentarism kuyabonakala noma ngezikhathi Kievan Rus. Omunye iziphathimandla kulelizwe kwaba Chamber ethandwa. Leli qoqo isikhungo lapho abantu ukuzibandakanya ekuxazululeni izinkinga zenhlalo. Chamber kungathatha ingxenye bonke abakhileyo mahhala isimo Kievan.

Esigabeni esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa parliamentarism eRussia - iyona ukuvela kwezindaba Zemsky Sobor. Badlala indima enkulu enqubeni zomthetho. Zemsky Sobor lalinabashumayeli emakamelweni amabili. Njengengxenye ye-izikhulu elingaphezulu kwakukhona, abefundisi ephakeme, amalungu ama-Boyar Duma. Ezansi abameleli bakhethwa hlangana kwamadoda asebukhosini kanye bendawo.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kamuva kobukhosi ngokuphelele bahlakulele umqondo ka parliamentarianism, kodwa kube khona isishayamthetho ekhethekile, uMbusi ongalawuleki.

Parlamentizatsiya amazwe ekhulwini XX

Ukuqala inguquko 1905 imakwe ushintsho kuleliya lizwe kusukela lapho sebebuswa inkosi yomyalelo zomthethosisekelo kanye ekuqaleni parliamentarism. Kulo nyaka, uMbusi wasayina manifestos eliphakeme. Bavula umzimba nomele entsha zakonosoveschatelnogo kuleli zwe - State Duma. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi akukho senzo akazange angene force ngaphandle kwemvume yayo.

Ngo-1906, iPhalamende yasungulwa, ehlanganisa emakamelweni amabili. Bottom - State Duma kanye phezulu - uMkhandlu WoMbuso. Bobabili emakamelweni atholiwe isinyathelo zomthetho. imiklamo yabo ithunyelwa kumbusi. Indlu engenhla bemvelo lomzimba polupredstavitelnym. Omunye Usihlalo walo uqokwa uMbusi, kanye nezinye bakhethwa hlangana kwamadoda asebukhosini, abefundisi, abahwebi elikhulu, njalo njalo. D. endlini ephansi kwaba uhlobo umzimba ummeleli.

Parliamentarism in Soviet Russia

Ngemva Okthoba revolution libhujisiwe ngokuphelele uhlelo ubudala kahle kwemandla embuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwathiwa uchazwe kabusha welithi "parliamentarianism" ngokwalo. Zonke-Russian iCongress of abaseSoviet - umzimba omusha ophakeme kahle kwemandla embuso yasungulwa. Yasungulwa ngokubamba ukhetho, eyaqala ngezigaba eziningana, kusukela kasihlalo zomhlangano zendawo. Kulesi simiso omele lamiswa ukuze iningi ingeyamakhosi abasebenzi, hhayi abalimi. Lokhu Congress ayisebenzi ngokugcwele. Yingakho kusukela ubulungu esibekiwe All-Russian Executive Committee of namaSoviet. Ayesebenza ngokugcwele futhi amandla okushaya imithetho neyokuphatha. Kamuva Upper Council yasungulwa. Leli gunya has imisebenzi zomthetho akhethwe ngqo ivoti eliyimfihlo.

Parliamentarism eRussia esigabeni samanje

Umthethosisekelo we-1993 eRussia yasungulwa uhlelo olusha kahle kwemandla embuso. Namuhla, i-isakhiwo yezwe libhekene umthetho futhi nendima evelele ephalamende.

Isakhiwo Assembly Federal siqukethe emakamelweni amabili. Okokuqala - oPhethe Federation, kwesibili - State Duma. Ngokokuqala ngqá endlini Russian aphansi ephalamende iqala umsebenzi wayo ngo-December 1993. It wawunamalungu 450.