Isakhiwo Admiralty, Petersburg: umlando, incazelo

Petersburg Admiralty isakhiwo ingenye izimpawu liyabonakala kakhulu emzini. Yakhiwa phakathi nokubusa uPetru mina ibilokhu isetshenziswa kusukela njengendawo indawo amabhodi, zezinkonzo kanye nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi.

Brainchild of Peter mina

Ukubaluleka ukuthi isakhiwo Admiralty limelela i-edolobheni, siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi yayakhiwe ngokushesha ngemva kokumiswa inhlokodolobha entsha. Peter ngineminyaka engu mathupha esibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo kanye nemidwebo ye ngisemsebenzini adingekayo izakhiwo kanye izimoto yokupaka. Zonke umsebenzi odingekayo wokulungiselela okuye kwenziwa nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi ngo-1705 kwaba khona isakhiwo sokuqala ngqá Admiralty.

Ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi Russia ilwa Sweden (kuhlanganise ulwandle), zonke izakhiwo zebhizinisi kwafakwa ngu okuvimbezela futhi zibuswa ukuzivikela. Kwakumelwe kudingekile esimweni ukuvinjezelwa Petersburg, nakuba bengakaze esetshenziswa. Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala, wenza ngokuphelele Admiralty, wethulwa 1706.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwabonakala oda (inkonzo okulingana), obhekene yonke imikhumbi yaseRussia. Njengoba uPetru ngagcina ukuze uqaphele iphupho lakhe-dolobha entsha, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba inhliziyo shipbuilding yayo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphezu nezakhiwo zokuqondisa, ke kwaku sokukhanda, workshops kanye slipways, okuyinto wadala kweguma elitsha. Isiteshi Admiralty owawuse kanye isakhiwo, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye uhlelo esinobunye iziteshi ezisemadolobheni. Ngakho, le ndawo wayebuye zokuthutha thutha.

Thumela i-Spire

Isakhiwo sokuqala Admiralty lakhiwa kabutjha 1711, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, ke wathola Spire zayo ezidumile. Phezulu umkhumbi isebangeni niwubone umzimba wakhe, eyenziwe okuyinhloko-Dutch, ezazidume ngokutshala uthando lwakhe Navy. Kuyinto isipiliyoni sabo European, uPetru wazama ukuyifundisa edolobheni amaphupho abo.

On isikebhe embhoshongweni namanje ibukhali izingxabano abacwaningi kanye nezazi-mlando zendawo. ithiyori Enobunye yesithombe yayo ephambene khona. Kukhona iphuzu ezimbili ezidumile umbono. Omunye uthi imodeli umkhumbi wawususukile Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala, athatha port yayo Petersburg. Zisuka nje, bekukhona emnandi kakhulu, futhi Wharf elula isibe ekhaya ngoba nabasebenza eziningi. Ngokusho omunye umbono, sibalo womkhumbi kukhotshelwe kusukela ngalé kwezindaba frigate "Lokhozi". Kwakuwusuku wempi lokuqala imikhumbi Russian, ezakhiwe ukuze kayise kaPetru, u-Alexei Mikhailovich, eminyakeni 60 kwekhulu XVII.

I Spire ka Admiralty salungiswa izikhathi eziningana. Kulezi izinqubo, umkhumbi washintsha. Kulokhu, lesi sibalo yokuqala, eyenziwe kwamaDashi zeminyaka uPetru mina, ubelahlekile. ngokushesha Spire ukhangwa abantu bomuzi. Kubo sekuyindlela uphawu emthethweni Petersburg. Umkhumbi Admiralty ngalolo isikhundla ongaphumelela ancintisane Bronze owehhashi drawbridges kanye uPetru noPawulu Cathedral.

Ekhulwini XVIII

Phakathi neminyaka engu-eside khona, isakhiwo Admiralty Petersburg, lavuselelwa kaningana. Ngo-1730-yalolucwaningo. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Ivan Korobov lakha isakhiwo itshe entsha, esikhundleni kwezindlu akusebenzi. Kulesi phrojekthi nombhali uPetru walondoloza kusakhiwo ubudala, kodwa ngashintsha nokubukeka wasinikeza omkhulukazi.

Ukubaluleka olungaphambili lwesonto lemukelekako yayiphezulu kakhulu ngenxa Admiralty kwaba ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kwamakhamera ocingo ezitaladini esimatasa kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha - saseNevsky Prospekt, Voznesensky Prospekt futhi Gorokhovskaya ezitaladini. Kwabe sekufika okuthiwa "inaliti" - a Spire eyayibhalwe.

Emashumini eminyaka alandela, iziphathimandla zedolobha basuke ehlelekile wahlanganyela ennobling futhi kabusha izindawo ezincikene eziyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi nenkathi kaKhisimusi, baba intandokazi ukuhlangana komphakathi endaweni. Ekupheleni wokubusa Elizabeth kwaba edlelweni egandayiwe ngokuphelele ukuthi sazungeza. Lokhu umzila izintaba ngokushesha kwaduma phakathi izakhamuzi nezivakashi.

Phuzisani ezungeze Admiralty wakhonza njengephayona platform esimaphakathi Navy umzimba. Isiteshi thoroughfare wangaphambili ongaphakathi kwamasango ngezikhathi ivimbekile. Lapho u-Elizabeth eqala ukuba afeze umsebenzi njalo ku yokuhlanza.

Zakharov iphrojekthi

Esikhathini maphakathi nekhulu XVIII yayakhiwe Winter Palace. It olufana isitayela, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uqambe Elizabethan yezobuciko. Palace liseduze kakhulu Admiralty. Labo abatelekile dissimilarity futhi okuqondene kwezinkathi ezahlukene kalula sigqamile. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esithile ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, iziphathimandla zedolobha kuxoxa ngazo imisebenzi eminingana ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kabusha isakhiwo Admiralty.

On indima wezakhiwo phambili wakhethwa Andreyan Zakharov. Waqala umsebenzi 1806 futhi wafa bese anginaso isikhathi ukubona ingane yakhe. iphrojekthi wawo waqhubeka abafundi. Abazange ushintshe zithembiso eziyisisekelo futhi ihlele Zakharov.

Olungaphambili lwesonto entsha Admiralty

Ngokusho isiphakamiso umakhi sika lavuselelwa cishe zonke Admiralty. Kusukela esakhiweni esidala lisengumbhoshongo eyadlula, iyisiqhingi lapho uyaphumula Spire elihlotshiswe ngegolide umkhumbi. Ladilizwa le izinqaba ubudala, waqhubeka ehlala edolobheni kusukela Great Northern neMpi. Manje inhlokodolobha ukujabulele ukuphila okunokuthula, kanye nesidingo ku zibuswa wanyamalala. On indawo abakhululiwe uvele lidumile izakhamuzi Petersburg Boulevard. Manje nansi okungenani yafuna Alexander Garden.

Isikhathi olungaphambili lwesonto entsha kwaba ayi-400. Zonke izixazululo yezakhiwo Zakharov ukusebenza zinenjongo eyodwa vó - ukugcizelela ukubaluleka ebalulekile isakhiwo Admiralty ngesimo dolobha. Petersburg bese, futhi manje-ke kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle olungaphambili lwesonto odumile we eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphatha.

isakhiwo umhlobiso

Ukubuyiselwa imisebenzi kwekhulu XIX Wengeze Ensemble we Main Admiralty ukubaza eziningi ezintsha umphelelisi isithombe ocebile lesi sakhiwo. Imifanekiso okuhlobisa, adalwe amakhosi isiRashiya, ukuboniswa izindaba lasendulo futhi allegories, kanye umlando ngoxhaxha Russian. Konke lokhu ugcizelela isimo imperial njengoba amandla enkulu zasolwandle, ogama imikhumbi bamhlohla ezilwandle zomhlaba.

Ngonyaka ukwakhiwa (1823) elaklanywa Zakharov eziyinkimbinkimbi ithole elingaphakathi yayo siqu eliyingqayizivele. Iningi usekhona kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi namuhla ukubaluleka okukhulu kwamasiko. izici ezibalulekile amahholo Admiralty kukhona okukhulu zabo ezihlukile kuhlangene ocebile, ukukhanya okukhulu, kwakha umoya isimanga.

citadel imikhumbi

indaba abathandwayo Admiralty kuhlanganisa izinkathi ezahlukene zokusebenzisa. Ekuqaleni, ngokuvumelana eziyimiyalo uPetru, ibhodi asolwandle ngaphakathi ehholo, futhi kamuva - Ministry of Navy.

Kukhona endlunkulu, elimalungu alo kwakungamadodana osesikhundleni kakhulu Admirals Empire. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindonga, izinqumo zenziwa zaba ngosuku olwandulela ukhiye nomkhankaso wempi emlandweni we Romanovs. Isu ozalwa futhi esihlelwe at Admiralty, yasetshenziselwa ngesikhathi imisebenzi lezindiza ku iMpi YaseCrimea kanye neMpi Yezwe II.

Naval Museum

Abazihlelele ukufinyelela kuphela amabutho athile isakhiwo omkhulu. Ikakhulukazi, kusukela ukubukeka Admiralty kulo wathola Naval Museum. Kube wawugcinwa ezikhumbuzo ebaluleke kakhulu i-Petrine inkathi. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaba umkhumbi onobuhle, imidwebo kanye ukuxhumana siqu umbusi wokuqala, maqondana nokusungulwa kwezikhungo aseBaltic Fleet.

Ngaphambi 1939 lokhu Museum ocebile isingathwe ngu- isakhiwo Admiralty. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Zakharov enwetshiwe isikhala nemibukiso ukuthi nge zonke izizukulwane zonke sakhula futhi lakhula. Esikhathini Stalin inkathi, umnyuziyamu wathuthela esakhiweni ayengaphansi Petersburg Stock Exchange ku umcibisholo Vasilevsky Island.

Lapho lokugcina Romanovs

izimoto Ukwakhiwa ensimini ka-Admiralty yaphela ngo-1844. Zonke imishini washukumiseleka ukuba Novoadmiralteyskuyu igceke lemikhumbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, asikho isidingo e imiselekazi ezungeze eziyinkimbinkimbi. Baphathwa ubuthongo balala. Ngakho okwamanje kwakukhona Horseguards Boulevard.

Ngo-1863, ngo-esinqumweni uMbusi u-Alexander II, ibandla elincane ngaphakathi letilukhuni Admiralty wathola isimo Cathedral Engcwele Saint Spyridon. Khona-ke umbhoshongo insimbi lamiswao. Lezi zinguquko kumele iboniswe ekubukekeni isakhiwo omkhulu. Orthodox akakuthandanga imifanekiso esibonisa onkulunkulu bamaqaba - nebalingisi izindaba basezinganekwaneni lasendulo.

Esikhathini esithile phakathi kwabefundisi Ministry Naval kwaba emncintiswaneni eduze. Ekugcineni, u-Alexander II bavumelana ukuya esabelweni isonto. Lesi sakhiwo iye bancishwa ukubaza okumbalwa nezinye izinto art. Ukubhujiswa izikhumbuzo iphutha naphezu imibhikisho oshisekayo abaklami abaculi Petersburg.

Ngo-1869, i-Admiralty Tower atholwe Ukudayela ayo akhishwe Europe. Wayilengisa iminyaka engamashumi amane, okwathi ngemva kwalokho salandelwa analog entsha kagesi phakathi nokubusa uNicholas II. ngokuvamile Admiralty bekulokhu indawo umsebenzi amalungu Romanov lwamakhosi, njengoba ezinye izihlobo zamakhosi wathola ezinhlwini ephakeme kakhulu kuleli Navy. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich wayephethe zonke Ministry Naval esikhathini kusukela ngo-1855 kuya ku-1881.

yesimanjemanje

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, uhulumeni kwamaBolshevik ubeke esakhiweni Naval School. Ngokushesha wathola igama Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo. Indawo yokudlela futhi ulungisa onjiniyela. Kule ndaba, eminyakeni engu-30 e-Admiralty kwaba laboratory osendaweni ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-izinjini ngoba imicibisholo.

Ngenhlanhla, isakhiwo cishe kabana air kuphangwa German ngesikhathi evimbezela Leningrad. I Spire abadumile nge umkhumbi Unamekwe. I last sokubuyiselwa ezinkulu isakhiwo esenzeka uBrezhnev inkathi ngo-1977.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi post-Soviet lezakhamuzi ezihlaselwa Petersburg kuyinto eshubile ngekusasa Admiralty. Ngo-2013, umbhoshongo nge Spire kwakukhona sesonto lobu-Orthodox, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo wakhe ubuhanjelwe ojenene phezulu imikhumbi yaseRussia.