Battleship "iNdlovukazi uMaria". Ukufa yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria"

Umlando zamabutho asolwandle emhlabeni wonke ugcwele izimfihlakalo. umshini okunjalo eyinkimbinkimbi njengezimpi wempi, egcwele imishini, izikhali kanye nezimoto, handling okungafanele ukuthi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni bomkhumbi. Kodwa lokhu namanje alichazi konke. Disaster kaningi ukudlula futhi ngesilinganiso ukutshela zonke izimo zakhe, akekho. Izinsalela of yinqwaba metal nesisontekile, ngokuvamile ilele phansi, ngakho kuze kuzokwenziwa ngendlela uphenyo ukucaciseleka sezizathu kunzima kakhulu. Kwaba njalo "Fuso" imikhumbi Japanese, "Congo" "Mutsu", "Yamato", dreadnoughts American "Arizona", le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Italian "Roma" namaSoviet "Marat", ngesiNgisi "Barham" futhi "Hood". Esikhathini enkathini engemva kwempi 'Ukholo wanezela "Novorossiysk". Ukufa yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria" ngo-Okthoba, 1916 kungenzeka ukuthi lalotshwa kunzima ukuchaza amaqiniso angokomlando.

Uchungechunge yempi engcono

Ngokuphambene nombono ovamile, umsuka echazwe lapho sekusondela ethile wabaholi baseSoviet Party basekhaya umlando wangaphambi wamavukelambuso, uMbuso Russian kwakungelona izwe emuva. Ukuvulwa ososayensi kwethu kuqhubeke phakade yengcebo isayensi emhlabeni. onjiniyela Russian kagesi baye basungula lokuqala ezintathu okhombisa amandla supply isimo sezwe, yasungulwa motor lokungeniswa futhi ukuxhumana okungenawaya. Zonke lezi impumelelo isetshenzisiwe ekuklanyweni imikhumbi entsha ye-Imperial Navy, umkhankaso ekukhiqizweni ngo-1911. Kwakukhona emithathu: yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria" waba ngowokuqala wabo. "INdlovukazi Ekaterina Velikaya" nesithi "uMbusi u-Alexander III" ngokuvamile okuphindaphindiwe ngamacebo akhe, nakuba, njengoba kuvamisile, ikhumbula eyakhelwe ezenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza of imibono emisha. Entwasahlobo ka-1914 kuyunithi sele zifakiwe. Kwathi ngaleso i esikahle. IMpi Yezwe II, okwaqala ngokubekwa isibhamu ezibonakala okungazelelwe waduma Sarajevo, njengoba ukumangala empeleni wayengekho. Zempi uthayipha "iNdlovukazi uMaria" kakhulu ahambelana ukulingana kwamandla phezu nezinsolo yaseshashalazini laseThire elingasolwandle imisebenzi yezempi. lasolwandle Russian Tsushima waphulukisa amanxeba.

igama Porphyry

Uchungechunge imikhumbi wathola amagama abantu abathile sasebukhosini State Russian. Ngokuthakazelisayo, yempi kuphela "iNdlovukazi uMaria" Black Sea Fleet iye ogama lakhe behlonipha ukuziphilisa, Siyakwamukela ngesikhathi u-Alexander III yomfelokazi, nee Danish Princess uLouise UZandile Frederika Dagmar, isibe Patriot yangempela isiRashiya, ngasendleleni, naphezu imvelaphi yakhe yangaphandle. Nokho, lokhu kuye kwenzeka kakade, kwanele ukuba sikhumbule uCatherine Omkhulu, ogama lakhe ithole elinye yempi yohlobo olufanayo. Ngokungangabazeki, lona wesifazane ufanelwe lolu dumo, ngaphandle, yena ungunina Nicholas II. indima yayo emlandweni Russian mkhulu, namandla, wothando nokulunga zokuphila ligcwaliswe ngempumelelo nge ukubukeka kwangaphandle.

Maria Feodorovna isiphetho esiyinhlekelele, yena ushonele ekhaya lakhe e-Denmark (1928), ngesikhathi esifanayo kokuba esekudingisweni futhi samuntu kuye ingxenye isiRashiya, sathola ithuba isinkwa ebuhlungu ezweni alien, "engashiyanga soma." Futhi ngaphambi kokuba ashonelwe abantu wakhe amthandayo naseduze: amadodana amabili, nendodakazi, abazukulu ezine nomzukulu.

Izici umkhumbi

Battleship "iNdlovu- kazi uMaria" kwaba umkhumbi ezicini zonke emangalisayo. Kwakuthinta ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa isivinini cishe 24 ifindo (40 km / h) ukulayisha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. T zamalahle amathani 600 lamafutha fuel sinelungelo lokuzinqumela ngempilo yaso ngezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, iqembu lalinabashumayeli 1260 amatilosi nezinduna. Amandla isitshalo - ophephela uhlobo, kwakugcwele imishini emibili kuya ku-10, 000 amalitha. a.

Zempi - uhlobo olukhethekile imishini oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, bona abe ezingeni eliphezulu wezikhali izikhali. yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili abane ifakwe ezintathu-12 intshi izibhamu (Yaduma Obukhov ifektri) ngamunye. Ngaphezu ibhethri main, ke wethulwe nasizayo, ngenani izicucu 32. Lezi izibhamu anezincazelo ezihlukile, kwakungabafundi anti-aircraft, okhombisa ikhono onjiniyela Russian ukucabanga ngendlela efanele futhi acabangele songo olwandayo ithi ihlaselwe emoyeni. Kwakukhona nesinye isici design esihlukanisa yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria". Imidwebo superstructures enziwa ukuba alandise yimuphi ukwanda emkhakheni umlilo, ngakho amandla volley engaphansi kancane ku-engela isihlobo kwelitshe izinga.

Imiphumela torpedo amashubhu elise ngezansi waterline, kwaba impumelelo wamavukelambuso ngaleso sikhathi. Tinea izivikelo zomzimba ungqimba ukushuba 250 mm, futhi bekubonakala ivikelwe emphemeni. amazwi Special ufanelwa kagesi supply system ngaphandle komkhumbi. Battleship "iNdlovu- kazi uMaria" anika le Dynamos eziyisithupha (namuhla bebizwa ugesi). Zonke imishini esindayo ujikelezisa motor kagesi, ikakhulukazi, kwi wezikhali ngamunye umbhoshongo abangu-22 izingcezu.

umkhumbi esinjalo sasiyobonisa afeze combat ohambweni, ngisho esikhathini sethu.

Indlela walwa yempi

Ekwindla ka-1915, i-ukushuba ulwandle izimpi oLwandle Olumnyama kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba. Turkey, sizana-Austria-Hungary, wabonisa umsebenzi zesifunda, hhayi ngaphansi ngobudlova baziphathe ngwenya German imikhumbi. Besabela kuleso simemo, oLwandle Olumnyama Fleet ngaphansi wezikhali bombardment amatheku of ogwini olusenyakatho yoMbuso wase-Ottoman - Eregli, Kilimli, Zunguldak nezimbuzi. On the yempi iwuhlelo: "Mariya!", Ephethwe Naval Operations Admiral Kolchak. Ngenxa ithimba njengoba kungena imikhumbi isitha ezingasho Ngishoné. impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German "Breslau" wangisiza ngoxhaxha Turkish ngo-February, ayikwazanga zuku futhi ngokulambisa alishiye yempi isiRashiya, wathola ukulimala amaningi. Ngoba wonke ngo-1916, elinye Raider isiJalimane, "Gabin", ezintathu kuphela nitinikele ukuya oLwandle Olumnyama somfula Bosphorus Strait, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside futhi kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kusukela uhambo lwakhe lokugcina lokuya ethekwini Sevastopol yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria" wabuya 6 Okthoba 1916.

Izisulu nabasindile

Ngokungafani nezinye eziningi izinhlekelele zasolwandle, ephethwe ukuba basinde kule iningi iqembu. zezisebenzi Of 1260 washona ngokushesha ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukene esuka kubantu 152 kuya 216. Isibalo kwalimala wasishisa zazisuka abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu ukuba 232. Naphezu ukunakekela okuhle kwezokwelapha esiphuthumayo, ushonele esibhedlela ngisho ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amatilosi. Ngakho, ukulahlekelwa yempi "iNdlovu- kazi uMaria" uye wabangela ukufa abantu amathathu namashumi amahlanu (isikolo esikhulu), okumele cishe u-28% lonke iqembu. Izisulu kungaba okuningi, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, cishe wonke amatilosi abangabulawanga ethwele Watchkeeping, bahlanganyela isiguqo lwenzeka emphemeni aft. Njengoba Bathi: 'Mana njalo.

ufakazi wokuzibonela

Lokho kwenzeka ngo-yempi ekuseni ngo-October 7, wamtshela abasindile zezisebenzi. Ngomqondo othile, ubufakazi kungenziwa ngokuthi zonke Sevastopol, evuswa okwesabekayo. Abantu ngephutha kubonakala yonke isithombe inhlekelele evela ogwini nezinye imikhumbi Sea Fleet, phikisana ukuthi ukuqhuma kokuqala yashaya off izindawo foremast, phambi ipayipi nombhoshongo conning. Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko umzabalazo ukuphila kwaba ezingenanzuzo, kwaba ukubhujiswa umzimba, ebonakaliswa breaking ebhodini ukuze ngezansi waterline, bese amanzi Ulwandle lwaqala agelezele linezingxenye. Umlilo, Okwamanje, baqhubeka. Akuphelanga mizuzu mingaki, umkhumbi wafika induna Black Sea Fleet , Admiral Kolchak, ukuyiqondisa, ekugcineni ukutakulwa, izicishamlilo efika, emikhunjaneni, naso tugs, kodwa kwakunzima ukwenza lutho. Ngaphansi kwehora kamuva liqhuma izinhlamvu emiphongolweni ye turret ekhaleni, kwezwakala ukuqhuma eziningana, yempi Uthole buoyancy negative, izike yagingqika futhi yacwila.

isilawuli umonakalo

Amatilosi kulo lonke inhlekelele esebenza ngaphansi kwalesi siVumelwano futhi umthwalo njengoba yamyala abasebenzi. Ngezinye 7:20 ka amatilosi wesine casemate ngubani besemsebenzini ngaphawula shweza ongaziwa okuvela ngemuva emiphongolweni ukwahlukanisa engumakhelwane umbhoshongo acinene. Zagijima ngokushesha kubika kumphathi wakho ngalokho okwenzekayo, isikhathi ukuthi unikezele ngezinsizakalo amapayipi amanzi umlilo namanzi lunikezwe. Kwathatha imizuzu emibili kuphela. Ngemva ushintsho ukubukela amadoda ngalesi sikhathi wageza ngaphambi iholide, bonke babeyizidumbu ashisiwe kuqhuma Esihogweni Somlilo. Amandla kagesi u iphazamiseke, kwacima izibani. Ukudubula baqhubeka (kunamaseli wazamazama 25), liqhuma amagobolondo 130 mm ubukhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngemiyalo yezikhulu engineer abaphezulu mechanical Ensign Ignatiev uzame ukuqalisa futha umlilo. Akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe, itilosi abanesibindi wabulawa. Lo mzamo ukugcwalisa zewayini lesibili umnsalo umbhoshongo ukudala isithiyo amanzi futhi akuphumelelanga, akulona neze isikhathi esanele. Eqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke ukusinda, abaphathi wanikeza umyalo ukushiya amatilosi, kuyilapho bona ayengafa, uzama ukwenza umsebenzi waso. Ngemva bephakamisa umkhumbi atholakele interred izinsalela heroes ...

Inguqulo ekhaya: ingozi

Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi bheka izinto emhlabeni ofuna ukuphumela obala. Izimo ongaqondakali, lo nzima futhi iyadida basuke ngokuvamile ngayo. Ngakho-ke, the version esemthethweni ye IKhomishane Yophenyo ukuthi ukuqhuma Flagship Sea Fleet senzeka ngesizathu self-ukuthungela of evala powder kubalulekile, abaningi kwaqubula ukuphoxeka. Nokho, cishe, kwaba. isikhathi Amagobolondo eside kanye cap ungaphakathi umgqomo, ikakhulukazi uma yempi beyifuna "Gabin" futhi lokhu kungashiwo ukuqala detonation. Kodwa kukhona enye inguqulo, owawuthi ukufa okuyimfihlakalo yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria" akuzange kwenzeke ngengozi.

izinhloli German

Esivuna "ukuketula" mbono futhi bathi ezinye izimo. On the umkhumbi Kwakuseshwa ukulungiswa, zokulawula ukufinyelela wayebuthakathaka, futhi lokho kuyosho kwawayekisa ayohlola emiphongolweni mikrovzryvatel, kufana ncamashi nokwakwenzeka itholwe Italian Dreadnought "uLeonardo da Vinci" ehlobo lika-1915? Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhaklazeka eziningi azizange ikhiyiwe. Elinye iqiniso lithi unganakile inhloli ukuketula: ngo-1933 yi-NKVD ukuthi neutralized intelligence yokuhlala German eholwa eyodwa Werman. Ngokusho kwesiboshwa, yena sezempi ngaphambi inguquko. Futhi isithakazelo ipumelelo Russian electronics ezempi, ezihlanganisa izikimu "iNdlovukazi uMaria". Ukubhekisisa lokhu lapho onogada benganikezwa. Ingabe Wehrmann hlola, angazi uma abantu ufakwa yini.

Lo mkhumbi sanqunywa laqaqwa ngo-1926. Kwakukhona kuphela imemori sasiyingxenye yempi "iNdlovukazi uMaria". Model kuwukuthi Museum Nakhimov asolwandle umkhuzi ezweni - ku Smolensk esifundeni. Esinye isakhiwo ngobuciko ababulawa - ngezinga elikhulu - ihlobise ukuchayeka Nikolaev Museum of shipbuilding nomlando Fleet.