Inhlekelele e-Ecological eRussia. izinhlekelele Environmental: izibonelo

Kuwo wonke umlando saba khona, isintu siba nomthelela ongemuhle imvelo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umthelela zomuntu emvelweni ikhuphukile kayikhulu. izinhlekelele Environmental eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke eziye zenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kakhulu zaba zimbi isimo ebuhlungu kakade kule planethi yethu.

Izimbangela izinhlekelele zemvelo

Cishe zonke izinhlekelele ezinkulu zemvelo Emhlabeni bube khona ngenxa yokuthatha umuntu. Basebenti labasebenta amabhizinisi ezimbonini nge ezingeni lelisetulu ingozi, ngokuvamile engawunaki imisebenzi yakhe. Iphutha kancane noma ukunganaki kwabasebenzi kungaholela nemiphumela engelapheki. Ukungasinaki imithetho yokuphepha, izinkampani ezisebenza okusongela ukuphila kwabo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuphepha labantu.

Esikhathini isifiso ukulondoloza uhulumeni amabhizinisi kubuye zifa zisebenzisa ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, ukuthi alahle kwemfucumfucu enobuthi ku misele. ukuhaha kwabantu kukwenza ukhohlwe ngemiphumela imvelo, okungase kubangele wesenzo.

Emzamweni ekunciphiseni netwetwe Ohulumeni sabantu ngokuvamile ebanjwayo kusukela abantu imiphumela engokoqobo eziwumphumela izinhlekelele zemvelo. Izibonelo ezinjalo sokwaziswa okunganembile izakhamizi - yingozi yaseChernobyl kanti ukukhululwa yalesisifo e Sverdlovsk. Uma isikhathi uhulumeni ukuba sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile futhi wazise ezindaweni zomphakathi wadalula ukungcola, kungagwenywa sigameko, lenqwaba izisulu.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinhlekelele zemvelo kungabangela izinhlekelele. Ukuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami, iziphepho kanye neziphepho labo abazokwazi ingqondo izingozi amabhizinisi lokukhiqiza enobungozi. izimo zezulu ezingezinhle kungaholela emikhulu ihlathi imililo.

Inhlekelele esibi kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke e emlandweni wesintu ingozi, entailing kokubhekana nemiphumela ebuhlungu ngoba labantu eRussia, Ukraine kanye nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, senzeka ngo-Ephreli 26 1986 ngonyaka. Ngalolu suku, iphutha abasebenzi kwedolobha eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi iphutha kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva ku Unit.

Le ngozi iholele ekukhishweni ngemithamo omkhulu emisebeni siye kwaveza emkhathini. Ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha angu-30 ukusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona abantu ukuqhuma bangaphila iminyaka eminingi, futhi emhlabeni wonke ehlakazekile amafu enemisebe. Imvula neqhwa equkethe izinhlayiya enemisebe ukuthi zaziba nezingxenye ezahlukene zomhlaba, enza umonakalo ongalungiseki zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Nemiphumela ukuthi inhlekelele ngeke sinomthelela imvelo, hhayi omunye leminyaka.

Inhlekelele ye-Aral Sea

ESoviet Union iminyaka eminingi oluthukuswe ngokucophelela isimo njalo eziwohlokayo we Aral Sea, Lake. Kwasukasukela kwaba chibi ezihlukahlukene izakhamuzi kwamanzi, a flora ocebile nezilwane kanye ogwini lwayo sesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Amanzi Abstraction emifuleni ukusuthisa ne-Aral Sea, kuye kwaholela yokuthi echibini waqala ngokushesha sikhule ngenkasa mbumbulu yalesi izitshalo yezolimo.

Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka, ezingeni yamanzi Aral Sea yawela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-9, cishe 7-nesibaya anda usawoti. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba ukushabalala ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga echibini. embhedeni Dry of umzimba kanye ngokubabazekayo amanzi isibe ehlane ezingaphili.

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali wezolimo, ivaleleke amanzi ne-Aral Sea, abangu imali phansi olwandle omisiwe. Basuke eyalo umoya endaweni enkulu emhlabeni ne-Aral Sea, kuphumele Ukuwohloka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, futhi abantu balapha uhlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Aral Sea uye kwaholela emiphumeleni engelapheki kokubili imvelo kanye nabantu. ohulumeni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, ensimini ka okuyinto manje echibini, ungenzi lutho izinyathelo ukuze kulungiswe isimo. Isikhombi eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo isivele yokulungisa.

Okunye Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo e-Russia, kufakwe indaba

ERussia kula mashumi eminyaka amuva ukuba kwenzeke nabanye ukuthi zifakwe umlando izinhlekelele zemvelo. Izibonelo zazo - futhi Usinskaya Lovinskaya inhlekelele.

Ngo-1994 kwaba khona inhliziyo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni e Russian kukawoyela ezweni. Esikhathini Pechora imithi umzamo iphayiphi ezinhle ezichithekile ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu amathani uwoyela. Zonke izimila nezilwane endaweni intuthuko siphangiwe. Imiphumela yale ngozi, naphezu umsebenzi nokuvuselelwa Kuyoze kube kuzwakale.

Enye ipayipi elithwala uwoyela ukufohla eRussia kwenzeka ngo-2003 eduze Khanty-Mansiysk. Kwaqoqwa amathani angaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane lamafutha ezichithekile emfuleni Mulymya, esehlanganise it nge ifilimu oily. Izimila nezilwane lomfula nasezindaweni ezizungezile wahlupheka nokuqothulwa.

izinhlekelele zamuva kwemvelo eRussia

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo eRussia ezenzeke eshumini leminyaka eledlule - yengozi Novocheboksarsk isitshalo JSC "Khimprom", okwaphumela isimo chlorine ekushayweni livelile, futhi imbobo "Druzhba" uwoyela iphayiphi ku Bryansk esifundeni. Bobabili izigemegeme ezenzeka kwenzeka ngo 2006. Ngenxa yalokho lwenhlekelele abathintekayo izakhamuzi namaphethelo, kanye nezitshalo nezilwane.

Ihlathi umlilo ovuthayo yonkana Russia ngo-2005, kungase futhi kwenziwe isibaluli izinhlekelele zemvelo. Umlilo phansi amakhulu amahektha ihlathi, nabakhileyo emadolobheni amakhulu ubophekile ngenxa ngentuthu.

Indlela yokuvimbela izinhlekelele zemvelo

Ukuze uvimbele ezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo eRussia, kubalulekile ukuthatha uchungechunge izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Kufanele okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko at ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kwabasebenzi futhi ngakhula umthwalo, ngisebenza izitshalo zezimboni enobungozi. Isibopho lokhu, okokuqala kunakho konke, kumelwe athathe Ministry wezwe Wezemvelo.

Ngemva yingozi yaseChernobyl kumthetho Russian kwakukhona isihloko, okuyinto unqabela ukucashela umphakathi esikalini nemiphumela yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Abantu banelungelo ukwazi isimo kwemvelo endaweni yabo.

Ngaphambi ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa entsha kanye nendawo, abantu badinga ukuba ucabangisise kahle ngezinselele yonke imiphumela for imvelo kanye ukuhlola rationality yezenzo zabo.