Indlela ukukhetha yebhangqa omabonakude nge high Ukubuyekeza kokukhulisa futhi intengo

omabonakude Ukukhetha Kufanele sizimisele ngesisekelo indawo oya kuyo. Izivakashi yokukhanya wehlukile ukuzingela ezempi kanye omabonakude asolwandle ne kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi embonweni wasebusuku kukhona esigabeni Spetspribor. Ikhwalithi kanye intengo, ngokulandelana, zingabantu ngokuphongoza. Lezi zindlela eziyinhloko ngenxa yanoma yisiphi kulezi omabonakude kukhona ubukhulu bawo isikhulisi.

Izici yokukhanya izivakashi

Ukuze sihambe akubalwa ukuthola omabonakude ne indlela enamandla kakhulu. Inketho engcono kakhulu 7-10 ukwanda aphindekile. Konke okungenhla lezi zibalo, kunzima kakhulu isikhathi eside ukubamba ngezandla zabo, ngakho nesidingo sokuba tripod.

Izingilazi zokubuka compact kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu izikhathi 10 ubukhulu kufanelekile izimo ezokuvakasha. Kungaba imodeli iraba-camera okungukuthi ishibhile kuka yokukhanya amanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi idivayisi akuthathi isikhala kakhulu futhi kahle "libambe" esandleni. Uma lo msebenzi izivakashi Sizokwenza okwashiwo nemvelo, Kungcono ukuba imodeli lula nge indlela 6-8-emhlanjini. Lokhu kwanele kokubona into ubonakala ngokucacile, kodwa angikwazanga ukugibela imimoya obuka. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa omabonakude kusukela Celestron ngentengo 3.900 p. Levenhuk futhi izindleko 5390 k. nangaphezulu.

Ngokuvamile izinombolo yokukhanya uye izinombolo ezimbili, isibonelo, 10x50 noma 7h35, lapho kuqala sibalo kukhombisa ikhono eseduze inani lezikhathi izinto, kanti eyesibili - ubukhulu lens ngamamilimitha.

Yokukhanya okuzingela

Ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuzingela Ungakhetha omabonakude kanye kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngesilinganiso. Ayanda kaningi, ezincane ukubuyekeza, ngakho ukuze bagcine game enkulu ukuthi ekufakeleni endaweni, omabonakude ofanelekile ukwanda 10-15-emhlanjini. It kungenziwa ogibele tripod futhi iphuzu endaweni efanele.

Uma ufuna ukubuyekeza omkhulu ukuze bahlanganise ingxenye yehlathi noma emfuleni, kuyoba okungcono umsizi yokukhanya nge indlela 4-7-nesibaya nge ububanzi 25-40 mm lens. Okubalulekile izinga yokukhanya okuzingela - kuba nomthelela ukumelana nobukhulu bezinhlamvu rubberized, kanye isisindo sayo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi idivaysi yakho ngeke ibe usizo kanzima by uchuku isikhathi eside. Isibonelo esihle Nikon Aculon T11 8-24x25 Sondeza kubiza 11590 p.

ukuzingela yokukhanya Special

Ukuze abazingeli umkhakha yesimanje ukhiqiza amamodeli ubukade litholakale lempi kuphela. Lokhu omabonakude electronic kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngezinye base yabo a rangefinder laser, okuyinto eyivela kancane ukuthi okukhiphayo kuya luketshezi Imininingwane ketshezi olunembile ibanga ukuba into. Lokhu lula kakhulu a ububanzi oluqonde kakhulu. plus yabo sobala - ikubonisa izithombe eliphezulu ngisho yenkungu kakhulu noma ebusuku. Lezi omabonakude nge high kokukhulisa - Izibuyekezo nemiyalo izinkundla ngokuzinikela ukuzingela imishini, qinisekisa lokhu - ikakhulukazi efanelekayo imfundamakhwela abazingeli, omehlo ayizange "ababonayo".

Amadivayisi anjalo wenze isiphambeko imitha elilodwa nje, ukuthi ongenalwazi "Ranger" lula kakhulu ithuba aim izinga okusezingeni and professional - ugcine kulesi sikhathi.

omabonakude zasolwandle

Izingilazi zokubuka nge kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu ungumsizi kuhle amatilosi nabadobi. Esikhathini evulekile ulwandle ubhekwa main esiphezulu ukubonakala isithela emkhathizwe, ngakho kukhona ithuba kube phakathi uqimba: 7 kuya ku-10-nesibaya indlela okungukuthi ngokwanele ukuba uthole ecacile isithombe isibuyekezo. Uma omabonakude adingekayo lalesi sikebhe, ungakhetha ukwanda ezinkudlwana ukufakwa yokukhanya ku-tripod.

Izingilazi zokubuka nge ukwanda okukhulu ku "Nikon" noma 8h36 Compass 7x50 CF WP (intengo 22790 p.) Ingabe ngempela efanelekayo ukuhamba olwandle, noma ukudoba. Zonke yokukhanya ka ezifana uhlelo senziwa waterproof ibhokisi ukuze awuvikele Splashes. ku omabonakude zasolwandle asezinsukwini kancane ephakeme kunaleyo okuzingela, kodwa ikhwalithi yesithombe kungcono. baningi Tactical zasolwandle yokukhanya.

omabonakude wezindlela

Izingilazi zokubuka nge ukwanda okukhulu kolwandle kungaba futhi Tactical, njengoba anemisila igridi ibanga-ukumeda ikhampasi elikuvumela ukuba ulungise isithombe esicacile ngisho ne ewa eqinile. yokukhanya olunjalo aminzisa emanzini, ngoba esivalekile egcwele nitrogen. lens Special nge high beso ratio ukunikeza ukubonakala okuhle sezulu ecacile, uma kukhona ukukhanya phezu kwamanzi, futhi ngesikhathi inkungu noma ukukhanya ongaphakeme.

Izingilazi zokubuka nge ukwanda okukhulu kolwandle kunalokho enkulu ngobukhulu ngenxa kaningi zabo, kuyilapho Tactical omabonakude 7x50 babe imingcele, okuwenza ukhululekile futhi ezihlangene.

omabonakude eziningi zasolwandle anemisila-otho focus, okuyinto ulungisa kokubili eyepieces ngesikhathi esifanayo, abenze ezibizayo nokunye okuningi, kodwa izinga kangcono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhiqiza ukudla okwanele ukubeka isikhathi ukuthi zonke izinto zazibonakala ngokucacile uma udlulisa amehlo komunye.

omabonakude yezinkanyezi

Qaphelisisani isikhala izinto ngokuqinile sangena isigaba wokuzilibazisa, ngakho isidingo omabonakude kanye kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu laqala ukukhula. Ngenxa yalesi sigaba, awusebenzi kuthathe indlela 10-14-emhlanjini. Ezibalulekile ubukhulu ophumayo umfundi wayevela 3 kuya 4mm. Le ndinganiso uhambelana izinkomba yokukhanya 10h35, 10x40, 12x40, 12h50, 14h50.

Amadivayisi kusuka 12h50 kuya 30h90 kubhekwe ezikhethekile, banayo ukubuyekeza ewumngcingo, kodwa ukunikeza ukuba ube nombono ocacile imininingwane esikhaleni, isibonelo, Celestron Cometron 12x70 elibiza 7490 k. yokukhanya Astronomical uye wathuthela ngaphesheya isibonakude, ngakho namuhla akukho eside ukumangala "omabonakude zokuhlola izinkanyezi, 'nakuba amanani ngempela eliphezulu. Izingilazi zokubuka nge ukwanda okukhulu ezinkulu, kuyoba njalo nokuba khona tripod kuyadingeka.

Yokukhanya ezikhiqizwa e-USSR

Phakathi Soviet amazinga inkathi ngoba yokukhanya lempi zazibhekwa eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Plant Optical kanye Mechanical ukukhiqizwa yayo, ezifana Zagorski (B8h30 USSR ZOMZ intengo 12 000 k.), Salavat (B10h50 SOMZ 13 500 deda.), Kazan ( "Photon" -7BKFTS 7h35 KOMZ 11 000 k.) laduma ngemikhiqizo yalo, abanye alokhu athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze amazwe.

Zonke omabonakude kanye kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu (USSR ekhiqizwa eziningi kubo) zisengaphansi ngokufunwa, njengoba intengo bona kungaphasi yokukhanya yesimanje, kodwa ungahlangana ngisho izimfuno eliphakeme. Ahluke injongo: ngokwesibonelo, amasosha ensimini kanye zasolwandle omabonakude kanye waba isinqumo net kuze kube 20x60 mm.

Yokukhanya abazingeli kanye nezivakashi kulula, kodwa liyalingana ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ngakho, ukukhanya ezincane usayizi "Izithombe" uchungechunge omabonakude ezidumile, hhayi nje phakathi abalandeli izintaba, okudoba noma okuzingela, kodwa futhi ngoba le Coast Guard. Ukulungiswa 7h35 mm multi-camera amalensi zezindlu eyizingqabavu evumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo izimo ezimbi kakhulu, sezulu esibi futhi lapho kuhlwa.

Yokukhanya nge kokukhulisa eliphezulu kakhulu

Izingilazi zokubuka nge kokukhulisa izikhathi 100 kukhona endaweni yesicelo noma ababecabanga yezinkanyezi izilwane nezinyoni. Ngokusho izici zayo, sekuseduze ukuba ngezibonakude, Ngakho-ke, zidinga ukugibela tripod.

Izingilazi zokubuka ukukhiqizwa Russian

Russian optomechanical yokukhiqiza ezikhishwe omabonakude ngezinjongo ezempi kanye ukusetshenziswa mass. On Zagorsk isitshalo, isibonelo, zenziwa hhayi kuphela ngogesi futhi ngokuvamile okulingana yokukhanya, kodwa futhi polarizing ifilimu kanye ehlunga imibala, ezisetshenziswa for zonke izinhlobo bohlu. Phakathi ezihlukahlukene enkulu isitshalo ungakwazi sithathe uhla yokukhanya asondele izikhathi 15. ensimini yabo kwesicelo - kuba ababecabanga yezinkanyezi, imisebenzi yezokuvakasha, ukuhamba olwandle, ukubukela izilwane nezinyoni.

Izingilazi zokubuka nge ukwanda okukhulu kwemikhiqizo Russian, esetshenziselwa ebusuku, ukukhiqiza amandla embonini "Jupiter". Lezi amadivayisi ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ebumnyameni sokugubha ezikude, futhi izinto eduze. imishini ephambili ekhiqizwa eRussia, isibonelo, omabonakude "Farvizhn" BCS M 20x50 nge sinjalo kukhona 99 900 k., Nakuba yokukhanya ezivamile angathengwa 1500 k.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe omabonakude

Ukuze ukhethe ilungelo approximating yokukhanya, kufanele ugxile izinkomba zokuveza indlela ezithinta isimo, price, nobukhulu bayo.

• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ubhekwa inkomba kaningi. The best futhi ethandwa kakhulu kukhona omabonakude nge kokukhulisa izikhathi 6-10. Noma yini ngenhla kakade kudinga imizamo eyengeziwe namakhono ukusetshenziswa, noma tripod entabeni. Ukwanda izindawo kusukela ezikhathini 6 kuya ku-10 - kuba impela anele ukusetshenziswa yokukhanya anjalo izintaba, nokuzingela nokudoba, ngokuqapha izilwane. Izingilazi zokubuka nge kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu akuyena ngaso sonke isikhathi esingcono kakhulu uma ufuna umsizi lula emkhankasweni.
• Okulandelayo ku-Ibaluleke ngani ubukhulu lens: ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi lecacile kubuye kube sobala isithombe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-lens emikhulu eqoqa ukukhanya okuningi, okwenza izinto ezikude amandla elikhanyayo. Ukuze omabonakude phansi ukubhekwa kubhekwa esanele ukusebenza kusuka 30 kuya 50 mm. Uma yokukhanya namandla kakhulu, isib, observation lomkhathi, ubukhulu ongafinyelela 50 kuya ku-80 mm ngisho ngenhla. Ground ingilazi unamapharamitha elilungile 7h35, tripod 7h42, 8x40, 10x50 futhi ngokuya observation eside kakade edingekayo.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi idatha, ungakwazi sithathe yokukhanya okuthandayo, kodwa kukhona izinkomba ezithinta izinga layo kanye intengo.

Gxila isikhungo

Okuningi ezibizayo omabonakude Have autofocus, a ekhethekile net noma laser rangefinder. Electronic rangefinder yokukhanya losendzaweni e kakhulu ezibizayo ingxenye yemakethe. Lona amathuluzi eqondile kakhulu ukulungiswa okusheshayo ngesikhathi esifanayo lo eyepieces ezimbili.

Manual ngokugxila senziwa ngokwami, futhi uma ifakwe omabonakude has diopter ukulungiswa, ungaveza, ngisho nalabo ukubona eduze futhi ezikude kuphela. Isizukulwane esisha yokukhanya ihlinzeka focus esinqunyiwe kulabo ezimweni lapho kungekho isikhathi sokuba nesibekandzaba. amadivaysi ezinjalo izicishamlilo esetshenziswa, abatakuli, abazingeli, jaha inyamazane.

Angle futhi ububanzi ophumayo umfundi

Lezi izilungiselelo kuthinte intengo omabonakude kanye kwenkululeko uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

• Engela umbono libhekisela ibanga ihlanganisa Iso lomuntu ngokusebenzisa izibonakude. Ayanda kaningi, umuntu ngaphansi ubona isibuyekezo. Yokukhanya nge indlela eliphezulu kakhulu, nge izinkomba ezifana 30 nangaphezulu, kudinga ukugxila ezithile ku into. Nakuba ibanga ezincane kunikeza umbono obanzi, okuvumela ukuzisebenzisa zombili phezu kwamanzi, emkhakheni, noma ezintabeni. Lolu hlobo omabonakude ngokuthi okwandile. Ukucacisa lokhu Inkomba abakhiqizi ucacise ububanzi emkhakheni umbono , ngamamitha, isib, 110/1000 m, okuyinto izindlela ekuhlaziyeni 110 m letehlukene 1,000 amamitha into.
• Inkomba best of the ubukhulu ophumayo umfundi ubhekwa inkomba eduze nenkundla umfundi womuntu, okungukuthi, usuku 2-3 mm, futhi ebumnyameni 6-8 mm. Ngakho-ke, idatha lokuma ezivamile ezibhekwa 5-7 mm. Ukuze sithole ububanzi ophumayo umfundi, lens kufanele ihlukaniswe ubukhulu kaningi yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, omabonakude kanye 7h35 inkomba ine ophumayo umfundi 5 mm (35: 7 = 5). Ngezinye izinkomba ukukhanya ephakeme angeke amukelwe ngokugcwele by iso womuntu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukubonakala kwakhe kubi kakhulu.

Izingilazi zokubuka nazo kusakazwe eqinisweni zazo lens zenziwa. Kungenzeka lens kanye nezibhebhe. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa yokukhanya waseshashalazini, kuya yokugcina - wonke amadivayisi ensimini.

yokukhanya Prismatic sehlukaniswe izinhlelo ezimbili:

1. Porro, yokudumisa yokukhanya yeFrance, lapho lens kanye lens kwasakazwa izigaba ezilandelanayo efinyelela nethemba ukubuyekeza futhi ukunikeza isithombe esicacile.
2. Roof System - a nezibhebhe elinezinhlangothi ezimbili angled komunye nomunye. yokukhanya okunjalo emfishane futhi engasindi, kodwa ezibizayo ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukugaya ezipholisha ka amaphrizimu.

Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba wenze kukhethwa omabonakude, kufanele ukhethe okuqala ambalwa ukuze kwesibuko okunezinhlobonhlobo elikhulu izimpahla:

• injongo omabonakude;
• ukubuyekeza ebhekiwe noma okwandile;
• Songa indlela;
• uhlobo focus;
• ezweni lendabuko kanye brand name;
• intengo elilinganisiwe.

Ukunika izimpendulo lezi zinto, kuba lula ukwenza ukuthenga, oyoletha ukudumazeka nokukhungatheka.