Ilebula - a ... Ulwazi kanye nezimpawu kumalebula

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalokho ilebula, lavelaphi, futhi sizobe kubonise imibono yayo. Ulwazi impahla Uphinde abhekwe, okuboniswe kumalebula.

Ilebula - Iyini?

Igama elithi "label" kubolekwe lapho bekhuluma isiFulentshi. Elihunyushwa ngokuthi "izwi" noma "label".

I prototypes bokuqala amalebuli abavubukuli bathola abangu izingcezu lesikhumba ithegi ezitsheni iwayini. Sangomhla ka ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo sokuphela II Millennium BC. e. Ulwazi ilebula lolu hlobo labika vintage indawo, ibanga layo, ukunambitheka (amnandi noma omuncu), ubudala, futhi obani senziwa. Isidingo salokhu kwavela ngoba zonke izinto kufanele nesimo esifanayo. Zwisisa ukuthi okuqukethwe ayivulwanga futhi ungazami, kwakunzima. Phula yobunzima iphakethe kwaba okungalungile. Kwabe sekufika umqondo ukubeka ulwazi ucezu isikhumba sinamathela ibhodlela. Njengoba sekunama-imizila yezohwebo kanye ezokuthutha kwezimpahla phezu eside amabanga ilebula kakhulu kusiza ukuqaliswa. Omaka lokuqala ayelula ukuma unxande.

Ngemva 1820, ifomu waqala liguquke. Winemakers wayefuna ukunika umkhiqizo wawo ubuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho stickers umqhele, amagilebhisi noma izitshalo ishidi. Ilebuli aba ngumqondiso kwabanye. Nge kwesikhathi, ulwazi mayelana esikhundleni zomvini ezikhulayo isuswe, kusale kuphela ngonyaka sokuvuna, uhlobo iwayini nomkhiqizi. Kodwa ngo-1880 uvele amathegi lokuqala anemibala. Futhi ngo-1883, amamaki, amalebula aseqalile ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo.

Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo amalebula

Ukulandela, obelokhu ngendlela ukudlulisa ulwazi, babe ngabathengi izithelo nemifino. Nge ukuvela ilebuli basungula indlela ngokusebenzisa ulwazi izimpahla. birochki Okokuqala nje umchilo ngezindophi ivikelwe nge wax. Kamuva ilebula umkhiqizo baba ethe njo ngqo umkhiqizo. Izindlela ezahlukene atholakalayo ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo ingcina. Kamuva baqala ukuthenga ne- glue ezikhumbeni amakhosi, ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa yayo. izimpahla Cishe wanyamalala, lapho kwakungekho ilebula. It sekuyinkinga ngemfanelo kuphoqelekile zokuhweba.

Ngo-1935, ilebula self-Yesigcilikisha kuqala American usomabhizinisi Stanton Avery sika yasungulwa. Ngaphambili, ulwazi ilebula sisetshenziswa ngesandla. IMisa ilebula zokunyathelisa kwaqala ngo-1980. Oda langena champagne party, ngoba kusukela 1820 futhi luye lwaqinisa kokukhiqiza amabhodlela 2 million ngonyaka.

amalebula Ukwahlukanisa ukubaluleka kolwazi kuwo

On ukubaluleka kolwazi ephrintiwe nge isikhathi amathegi izigaba ezine.

1. Imininingwane ilebula - ilebula ukuthi liqukethe ulwazi mayelana igama umkhiqizo, ukwakheka, isayizi, usuku ukwakhiwa, eshalofini ngokuphila, izimo USB.
2. ilebula okuchazayo watshela ukuthi lisebenze kanjani umkhiqizo, ukuhlinzeka izincomo okunakekela, unolwazi mayelana izindlela zokuphepha operation.
3. Ukuhlonza othwala ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizi.
4. Inkulumo-ze sokukhangisa eyengeziwe futhi utshela ngezinzuzo kanye ubunjalo umkhiqizo.

Ngesikhathi lanamuhla sisungule enye ilebula. Le divayisi wesifunda ivikelwe izindlu. Ulwazi it has kuyinto kuyimfihlo. Kwakuvamise ngokuvamile kakhulu angabanjwa, avikelwe futhi izinto ezibalulekile.

Nge ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesidingo ozofakwa ulwazi umkhiqizo baqala ukuvela imithetho, enquma izimfuneko lokuhweba tags.

Sithuthukise amazinga, esiqinile nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho kumalebula. Izimfuneko zokulawula wabonisa ilebula zokunyathelisa uvunyelwe kunoma iyiphi iphepha, iyiphi upende kumele kusetshenziswe, indlela upende ovunyelwe umkhiqizo laminate ephepheni. Regulations linqume yini okufanele izinga ukunyatheliswa font size. izimo saziso uvele kuqhathaniswa ngokugxilisa kanye kwakuzosuswa ulwazi isicelo. Indents ukusuka emaceleni kwe-umkhiqizo iphepha engakaze indiva. Njengoba yenziwe amatafula ezinikeza ilebula osayizi for uhlobo lomkhiqizo ngamunye.

Izinhlobo tags ngohlobo lomkhiqizo

Lezi zichibiyelo ezilandelayo ukuze izikweletu zamazwe ahlukene abe neziqondiso ezingezinhle ukubunjwa ulwazi saziso ukuba agqoke ilebula.

amalebuli emikhiqizo abangu izigaba ezine ngohlobo kwezimpahla:

• imikhiqizo ukudla;
• izingubo nezicathulo;
• imishini kanye namadivayisi;
• emaphaketheni.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa on the ilebula umkhiqizo

Ulwazi ilebula imikhiqizo ukudla kufanele aqukethe ulwazi ukuthi sifana okulandelayo:

• igama lomkhiqizo;
• uhlu zonke izingxenye asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni;
• Ukudla amandla value;
• ulwazi mayelana izwe kanye umkhiqizi kwemboni (igama, ikheli);
• nenqwaba umkhiqizo;
• yokukhiqiza usuku, izimo isitoreji nesikhathi;
• ibhakhodi;
• notation ejwayelekile, STATE, noma ezinye insimbi, okuhambelana umkhiqizo;
• ukhombise ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona izithasiselo zokudla, colourants, flavorings, ukunambitheka enhancers futhi ukunambitheka, eziphilayo izakhi.

Tags ezintweni

Nge imikhiqizo ephuma esigabeni izingubo kwakunzima kakhulu. Tag izinto, ngaphezu corporate lokuhweba, ulwazi mayelana ezweni lendabuko, usayizi, ukwakheka of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye yesiqinisekiso, kumelwe libe nale mininingwane elandelayo:

• uma le ingubo, kubonisa iphesenti ngezinto zemvelo namakhemikhali eluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-elementi ngomkhiqizo ngamunye: phezulu, phansi kanye ulwelwesi;
• uma kuziwa izicathulo, umenzi has ukubonisa ulwazi ngohlobo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza phezulu, phansi kanye ulwelwesi kwangaphakathi.

Izinto ezenziwe lesikhumba, unezela ulwazi mayelana ndawo, isisindo, futhi ukujiya. On noboya umkhiqizo kufanele ulethe ulwazi mayelana noboya (zemvelo noma ezidayiwe) kanye nokwelashwa isikhumba indlela.

Kodwa intuthuko akemi namanje. Kukhona izinto ezingaphezu entsha, ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo kuphela. Abakhiqizi ozama ukuvikela lo mkhiqizo wabo kusukela uhlobo kanye nokulahlekelwa okusheshayo zinhlobo ngenxa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele. Nokho, izincomo ukunakekelwa, izindlela umsebenzi wokuhlanza isitoreji efanele ingavela ngesimo enomthamo omningi abamemezeli nokutholakala kuphela ubukhulu ithegi ejwayelekile. Ukuze ukutshalwa kwezimali umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ke uye wazakhela iqoqo izinhlamvu sokuqhafaza, eyayinekheli ngolwazi olwanele nokusebenzisa nokunakekela.

Abalingiswa waqala unelebuli ahlukene ithungwe nomkhiqizo. Ngemva uchungechunge izinguquko, ukuthuthuka kanye ezintsha sekukhona i kophawu ngamazwe indinganiso ukunakekelwa.

Izimpawu ku amalebula uthenge ifomu standard, ajwayelekile liyabonakala.

Tags ku wokuwasha

izimpawu yokuwasha isimo esitsheni ngamanzi. Izinombolo ukhombise lokushisa lamanzi ovumelekile. amabanga Standard kusuka 30 ° C kuya ku-95 ° C.

Hand, uphonse emanzini, uxwayisa ngokuthi kunesidingo kuphela esandleni ukugeza, ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ephakeme kuka-40 ° C. Umkhiqizo kumele ayejwayele ezifana ngokucindezela ngobumnene ngaphandle ezimazombe. Ukutholakala izici at umthamo uxwayisa ukugeza olubucayi. Uma izici ezimbili, imodi egeza kumelwe sikunake ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi akangaphezu 30 ° C. Cross isitsha kubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo asikwazi wetted, uvunyelwe zokuhlanza owomile kuphela.

Iphele kanye ayina

Ulwazi mayelana umkhiqizo omiswe ine uhlobo isikwele. Ngaphakathi kuwo abekwa umugqa (mpo noma okuvundlile), okusho ukuthi umkhiqizo kumele omisiwe esimweni mpo noma okuvundlile. Ukuba khona emigqeni wesibili eseduze imibiko yokuqala umkhiqizo akufanele kube ukuphokophela.

Izincomo ayina eziboniswe ngendlela yensimbi. Cross - isixwayiso ukuthi akuvunyelwe. ayina lokushisa uwukubonakaliswa amachashazi. Omunye oluhambisana 110 ° C, ezimbili 150 ° C, ezintathu 200 ° C.

bleach

Ukumaka mhlophe has a ukubukeka esingunxantathu. Dweba uphawu uthi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa lezo zimali.

Uma ingaphakathi sibalo, imigqa emibili parallel zisetshenziswa, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela umoya-equkethe amakhorali amanxusa. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izinhlamvu unxantathu evumela ukusetshenziswa ejenti chlorine-aqukethe.

isiphetho

I izimpawu phezu amalebula zikhona zonke izinhlobo kudayiselwa imikhiqizo kuze kube manje.

Lapho uthenga noma yimuphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo, ngokwanele ukubuka ulwazi ilebula. Kahle ukufunda ulwazi ilebula, wena unakekele impilo yakho kanye nempilo yabantu abasondelene nawe.