Shredinger Ervin: amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, biography, ukutholakala, izithombe, izingcaphuno. cat Schrödinger sika

Erwin Schrödinger (iminyaka yokuphila - 1887-1961) - physics Austria, ngubani njengoba omunye wabasunguli be-quantum Mechanics ezaziwayo. Ngo-1933 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel physics. Shredinger Ervin ndaba kuyindlela nombhali main kulesi sigaba njengoba okungezona relativistic quantum Mechanics. It is namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i Schrödinger equation.

Umsuka, eminyakeni yokuqala

Vienna - umuzi lapho sizalwa, abantu abaningi oluvelele, kuhlanganise nesazi se-physics omkhulu u-Erwin Schrödinger. Umlando Omfushane wakhe nesikhathi sethu Sinesithakazelo esikhulu, hhayi kuphela emibuthanweni ngokwesayensi. Uyise wayengumGreki Rudolf Schrödinger, usozimboni futhi sezitshalo. igama likanina lalingu-indodakazi uprofesa endawo Chemistry, University of Vienna. Kwaba isigamu oyiNgisi. Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane Ervin Shredinger, isithombe ozosithola kulesi sihloko, wafunda isiNgisi, wayazi, kanye German. igama likanina lalingu-ngumLuthela, noyise - Katolika.

Ngo 1906-1910 GG., Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, wafunda ngesikhathi Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. F. S. Eksnera. Esemncane yayinesithakazelo imisebenzi Schopenhauer. Lokhu kuchaza isithakazelo ayenaso nefilosofi, kuhlanganise empumalanga, umbala theory kanye nombono, Vedanta.

Izikhungo, umshado, uprofesa umsebenzi

Shredinger Ervin wakhonza njengomdala isikhulu wezikhali esikhathini kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1918. Ngo-1920, u-Erwin washada. Umkakhe waba A. Bertel. Umkakhe esizayo wahlangana Zeemahe Ehlobo lika-1913, lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo Kwakuseshwa, ezihlobene ugesi ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Khona-ke, ngo-1920, waba umfundi ka M. Wine, owayesebenza e-University of Jena. Ngemva konyaka, Shredinger Ervin baqala ukusebenza Stuttgart, lapho eseneminyaka likaprofesa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kuzo zombili lezi 1921, wathuthela Breslau, lapho esevele engumshumayeli Uprofesa egcwele. Ehlobo lika-Erwin Schrödinger wathuthela Zurich.

Ukuphila Zurich

Ukuphila edolobheni uye wazuzisa kakhulu usosayensi. Iqiniso lokuthi hhayi kuphela isayensi lothando ukunikela isikhathi sabo Ervin Shredinger. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela ukuphila usosayensi zihlanganisa uthando lwakhe Ukushushuluza uhambo futhi intaba ekhuphuka. Futhi ezintabeni eziseduze, wamnikeza ithuba elihle ukuhlala Zurich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Schrödinger okuxhunywana nozakwabo Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem futhi Germanom Veylem, owayesebenza Zurich Polytechnic. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela umsebenzi ngokwesayensi.

Nokho, isikhathi u-Erwin wachitha ku Zurich, waba zithathelwe ukugula okungathí sina e 1921-22. Usosayensi wagula waphathwa isifo sofuba yamaphaphu, ngakho wachitha izinyanga 9 Ngaya Okhahlamba LwaseSwitzerland, edolobheni resort of Arosa. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, le minyaka Zurich ngobuhlakani waba ezinezithelo kakhulu Erwin. Kukulo muzi lapho ebhala imisebenzi yakhe wave Mechanics, okuyinto baye baba zakudala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kakhulu Weil wamsiza ukuba nginqobe ubunzima zezibalo nazo Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger kwesibalo

Ngo-1926, u-Erwin yanyatheliswa esavela ephephabhukwini lesayensi i kuyinto sihloko kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwakuthinta emelelwa ezothando, siyazi njengoba Schrödinger equation. Kulesi sihloko (Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem) iye yasetshenziswa maqondana inkinga ye-athomu ye-hydrogen. Ngalo Schrödinger wachaza spectrum yayo. Lesi sihloko ingenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke-physics kwekhulu lama-20. It Schrödinger wabeka izisekelo ohlangothini olusha e isayensi - wave Mechanics.

Sebenza University of Berlin

Udumo, abeza usosayensi, wavula indlela yakhe University ehlonishwayo Berlin. Erwin baba nembangi isikhundla UProfesa Theoretical Physics. Lokhu okuthunyelwe wadedelwa ngemva Maks Plank umhlalaphansi. Schrödinger, zokunqoba ukungabaza, wavuma. Wathatha ehhovisi Okthoba 1, 1927.

E Berlin, u-Erwin uthole abangane abanomqondo ofanayo lapho sibhekene Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Planck, Max von Laue. Ukuxhumana nabo, yebo, usosayensi ephefumlelwe. Schrödinger University of Berlin kwaholela Izinkulumo-physics, olwenziwa seminar Physics Colloquilum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlanganyela emisebenzini ehlukahlukene enhlanganweni. Noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile, u-Erwin igcinwe ngaphansi kwakhe. Lokhu kuboniswa izinkumbulo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, kuhlanganise ngokuntula kwakhe abafundi.

Erwin kwesokunxele eJalimane, uMklomelo KaNobel

Ngo-1933, lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, washiya University of Berlin Ervin Shredinger. Umlando wakhe, njengoba ubona, ephawuleka yokuwela eziningi. Ngalesi sikhathi usosayensi ayikwazanga ukwenza okuhlukile. Ehlobo lika-1937, i-Schrödinger oseqinile, ongazange afune ukuba bazithobe umbuso omusha wanquma ukuthutha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwenqatshwa yayo amaNazi Schrödinger neze embukisweni esidlangalaleni. Wayengafuni ukuthi liphazamisane kwezombusazwe. Noma kunjalo, eJalimane leyo minyaka ugcine apolitical kwaba nzima.

Ngaso nje kulokhu, uFrederick Lindemann, physics British, wavakashela eJalimane. Wamema Schrödinger ukuthola umsebenzi University of Oxford. Usosayensi, uya eNingizimu Tyrol ngamaholide zasehlobo, uye ababuyelanga Berlin. Kanye nonkosikazi wakhe wafika Oxford ngo-Okthoba 1933, ngemva nje kokufika Erwin wafunda ngokusebenzelana umklomelo we-Nobel Peace Prize (kanye noPawulu Dirac).

Imisebenzi e Oxford

Schrödinger e Oxford wayeyilungu Magdalena College. Wayengenaso imisebenzi yokufundisa. Bekanye namanye abathutha ososayensi bathole software inkampani Imperial Imboni yamakhemikhali. Noma kunjalo, wahluleka ukujwayela ukuba ezizungeze ezingajwayelekile nyuvesi. Esinye sezizathu - yokuntuleka wezemfundo, ngamakhasimende ikakhulu zenkolo bendabuko kanye humanities, isithakazelo physics zanamuhla. Kungenze Schrödinger wokuthi kwakungafanele athole a ezifana lemali futhi isikhundla. Esinye isici wokunganethezeki Usosayensi ikakhulukazi ukuphila komphakathi, okuyinto sasigcwele imicikilisho neyesigodi. Lokhu constrains nenkululeko Schrödinger, njengoba naye ngokwakhe wavuma. Zonke kulezi zinselele nakwezinye ezithiya, kanye ukunciphisa zoxhaso hlelo ngo-1936 umhlambi Erwin ucabange ngazo newufuna umsebenzi. Uma Schrödinger wavakashela Edinburgh, wanquma ukuphindela ekhaya.

Amazing

Ekwindla ka-1936 usosayensi yaqala ukusebenza e-Graz University njengoba onguprofesa wezinto zemvelo theory. Nokho, ehlala e-Austria yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngo-March 1938, Anschluss wathatha izwe futhi kwaba yingxenye iJalimane lamaNazi. Usosayensi ngosizo kusukela Umphathi we-University, wabhala incwadi wekubuyisana, ezwakalisa nokuzimisela kwakhe ukubeka up uhulumeni omusha. Ngo-March 30, yanyatheliswa futhi yabangela ukusabela okungekuhle phezu ingxenye nozakwethu baphesheya. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo ungazange wasiza Erwin. Ngenxa kungathembeki umbuso, yaxoshwa okuthunyelwe elalihlala kuye. Schrödinger isaziso olusemthethweni wathola ngo-August 1938

IRoma ne Dublin

Usosayensi baya eRoma, njengoba wamaFascist Italy oko isimo kuphela lapho entry visa ayidingekile (ke akakhiphanga Erwin). Ngalesi sikhathi Schrödinger baxhumane Eamon De Valera, kusho uNdunankulu Irish. Yena wayengumbulali sezibalo ngokuqeqeshwa futhi wanquma usethe ekhatsi Dublin, kwasungulwa isikole esisha. De Valera athengelwe Erwin nomkakhe, zokuthutha visa, kuvula ndima eYurophu. Ngakho beza Oxford ekwindla ka-1938. Inqobo nje uma umsebenzi yenhlangano kuvulwa sikhungo ekhatsi Dublin, u-Erwin wathatha iposi yesikhashana eseGhent, Belgium. Lokhu okuthunyelwe uxhaso esebenzisa Franks Foundation.

Lapha ososayensi benza futhi wathola seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ukungenela De Valera wasiza Erwin (ngubani, ngemuva Anschluss kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isakhamuzi German, ukuthi isitha yezwe) ukuba adabule England. Wafika inhloko-dolobha e-Ireland, ngo-October 7, 1939

Sebenza ngesikhathi Dublin Institute eminyakeni yokugcina

Dublin lwezimfundo ezithuthukile lavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-June 1940, u-Erwin kwaba uSolwazi lokuqala Theoretical Physics - omunye amagatsha ezimbili zokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wamiswa umqondisi walesi sikhungo. Okunye abasebenzi, eyavela kamuva (phakathi kwabo W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. futhi C. Lanczos, kanye zesayensi eziningi ezincane), ungase azinikele ngokuphelele ukuba ucwaningo.

Erwin kwaholela mhlangano, izinkulumo, waqala esikoleni ehlobo ngo-sikhungo, abaye bavakashela izazi sesayensi yemvelo evelele kunazo zonke eYurophu. The main isithakazelo ngokwesayensi Irish Schrödinger iminyaka kwaba inkolelo-mbono ye-gravity kanye nezindaba esuke at kwalapho wesayensi ezimbili - physics kanye biology. Ngo 1940-45 GG. futhi kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1956 usosayensi kwaba umqondisi Division of Theoretical Physics. Khona-ke wanquma ukuphindela ezweni lakubo, waqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi Usolwazi wase-University of Vienna physics theory. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, usosayensi, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ngokuvamile ogulayo, wanquma ukwesula.

Schrödinger wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe Alpbach, Tyrol emzaneni. Usosayensi wafa ngenxa okubi kakhulu isifo sofuba esibhedlela of Vienna. Kwaba Januwari 4, 1961 Alpbach wangcwatshwa Erwin Schrödinger.

cat Schrödinger sika

Cishe usuke wezwa mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu lesi simanga. Kodwa abantu kude isayensi, ngokuvamile okuncane mayelana embonakalisile. Kufanele futhi sikhulume ngalokhu njengoba ukutholakala ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo senziwa Ervin Shredinger.

"Ikati Schrödinger sika" - umcabango ucwaningo oludumile, ayeba Erwin. Usosayensi uyisebenzisa zazifuna ukubonisa ukuthi quantum Mechanics akuphelele, lapho izinhlayiyana subatomic kusukela kwathatha izinhlelo macroscopic.

Article Erwin echaza lesi silingo wabonakala ngo-1935. Isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuqhathanisa reception, omunye angase athi ngisho, okungeyena. Usosayensi uthi kukhona ikati kanye ibhokisi lapho kukhona indlela ehlanganisa esitsheni gas ezinesihlungu enemisebe nucleus yama-athomu. Ngo sokuhlola, nemingcele akhethiwe ukuze nokwahlukana nucleus nge Amathuba 50% ngehora zenzeka. Uma uwela ngaphandle, nge isitsha igesi uzovuleka cat uyafa. Nokho, uma lokhu akwenzeki, isilwane bayophila.

Imiphumela ukuhlola

Ngakho, yeka isilwane ebhokisini, linda ihora, futhi iphakamisa umbuzo ngabe ikati uyaphila noma cha? Ngokusho quantum Mechanics, i-nucleus yama-athomu (futhi kungakho isilwane) kuyinto kanyekanye kuzo zonke izifunda (superposition quantum). Uhlelo "ikati - umongo" ngaphambi kuvulwa ibhokisi kwaba 50% amathuba esikhathini "ikati ufile, baphela core" futhi nge Amathuba 50%, "ikati uyaphila, umongo is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe." It kuvela ukuthi isilwane ngaphakathi, ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi wafa cha.

Ngokusho nencazo Copenhagen, ikati usazoba noma ophilayo noma osewafa, ngaphandle uthi Lesisemkhatsini. Isimo ukubola nucleus ekhethiwe, hhayi uma ibhokisi ivulekile, kanti uma lingena nucleus umtshina. Ngemva zokunciphisa umsebenzi wave kulesi simo ayixhunyiwe ne ibhokisi ngu ingqapheli (umuntu), futhi siqondise core (umtshina).

Nakhu ukuhlola ezithakazelisayo olwenziwa Ervin Shredinger. Ukuyivula anikeza ugqozi ukuqhubeka physics. Ekuphetheni, ngingathanda sibala izitatimende ezimbili elithize abengumsunguli:

• "Lokhu - into kuphela simi kuze kube phakade."
• "Ngihamba ngokumelene ukugeleza, kodwa izinguquko ukugeleza isiqondiso."

Lokhu kuphetha isingeniso physics omkhulu ogama lakhe - Erwin Schrödinger. Izilinganiso, ngenhla, ukuvumela kancane ukumambula nezwe lakhe elingaphakathi.