Isimo kwemvelo eRussia. Isixazululo zezinkinga emvelweni

Isimo emvelweni emhlabeni sisonqenqemeni lwenhlekelele. Nakuba "green" izinhlangano eziningi, imali ukongiwa bemvelo nemithombo yawo, ohulumeni wonke amazwe ozama ukubhekana nemiphumela yezenzo zesintu, kakhulu ngcono isimo akunakwenzeka. Abanganaki ukusetshenziswa imithombo yengcebo yomhlaba, isithakazelo kokunganaki zezimali corporations ngobukhulu, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke phambili yokuthi isimo emvelweni is akubi ngcono.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo emhlabeni

Ngo nokungakhethi, siphawula ukuthi Amazwe iminotho asethuthukile, ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kungaba ozibongayo ezingeni lelisetulu nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ngemvelo isiko. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eMelika naseJapane ozama ukunciphisa imithelela amacala umsebenzi wezandla zomuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa izinga lemfundo yezakhamuzi abazama babiza phakathi kwemuli, izinqubo iqhaza ekuphepheni kanye nendzawo lehlobile. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izikhala sina emisebenzini enjalo emazweni asathuthuka, futhi uzuze ngokwengeziwe ezindaweni okusalele emuva le planethi, emvinini ukubulala yonke imizamo ngandlela-thile ukuvikela imvelo. Budedengu kwamahlathi, ukungcola kwamanzi ngu ezimbonini, imfucumfucu, kuba sengqondo ngokuphelele esingafanele esichitha kulesi sikhwama umhlaba iyatholakala.

Kubi isimo kwemvelo - okuyinto ingahlasela noma ubani ke kuyinkinga. Izinkinga ezinjena kufike thinning of ungqimba lwe-ozone, ukungcola emkhathini noma ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, azikwazi kucace kumuntu ukuthi wenza iphutha. Kodwa nokuqubuka, yezimo ezimbi zezulu, amanzi angcolile kanye fresh umhlaba wokulima, ukungayeki isivuno esihle, kungaba - konke Imiphumela ngqo wezandla zethu.

Lemvelo Russia

Ngeshwa, i-Russia kungokwalabo uhlu lamazwe, isimo emvelweni lapho babi. Lesi simo sibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene futhi kubonakala kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ngokwesiko, uJesu oyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo umonakalo izinkomba ethathwe umthelela embonini. zinhlekelele Economic eziye zahlupha kokubili emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba kanti yasekhaya, omunye ngemva komunye, laba kanjani nesandla esezithela ekukhiqizeni. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kumele kuncishiswe kwekhabhoni izinto eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa-ke ngeshwa, kukhona kwabangela nomphumela boomerang. Ukwentuleka ukusebenza, ukuphoqa inkampani ukulondoloza nakakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa ukuqedwa Uhlelo sesimanje, ukufakwa ukwelashwa izindawo.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni amakhulu kanye nezifunda zezimboni isimo kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu. ukugawula Kungalingani ngemazinga kwamahlathi coniferous, izitshalo ukunganakwa enamaqabunga aluhlaza, ukunganaki kweziphathimandla zendawo izakhamizi bazibangela ukubhujiswa 20% ukunikezela emhlabeni ngokhuni ezweni.

Khipha amanzi angcolile angene emifuleni nasemachibini, amanzi yokufakelwa of ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezisogwini kanye zilima ngezinye izikhathi vandalnaya izimayini - kuba ngokoqobo okukhona, futhi isimo kwemvelo eRussia uwohloka ngezinga elingakaze nsuku zonke kulokhu.

Indlela ukuhlola isimo sangempela imvelo?

Kuvele ihlanganiswe indlela ukuhlaziya kwezemvelo imvelo - isihluthulelo umphumela ezanele. Lolu cwaningo kuphela ezindaweni ezithile Alopecia nokungcoliswa komhlaba, amanzi kanye nomoya ngeke nanini bakulethe yalokho omuhle embulungeni yonke. Kuhlola isimo kwemvelo - umsebenzi eziseqhulwini kaHulumeni. Ngesisekelo lelisu kokuhlaziywa kumele ithuthukiswe, eyenzelwe esikhathini eside nge ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo kuwo wonke amazinga.

Kuphela eziyiqiniso ezanele zokuqapha, okuzokwenza ubambe ochwepheshe abazimele ngempela kwemvelo, anganika isithombe esicacile. Maye, iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho izinhlangano ezivela emhlabeni wonke ngokuvamile amagatsha ongaphansi bezinkampani ezinkulu futhi usebenze ngaphansi ezitholwe yabo, ukuthatha i-isikhundla, okunguye yedwa inzuzo.

ERussia, isimo zaba zimbi yi emazinga lasetulu enkhohlakalo kumasevisi zomphakathi ukuthi bakhonze njengamaphayona asimeme kanye imisebenzi. Yenza izinqumo esisemthethweni mayelana nokuvikelwa imvelo iba onzima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona futhi izindlela noma izinqubo, futhi okubaluleke - intando izikhulu. Inqobo nje uma abaphathi ngeke unesithakazelo yokuthi isimo kwemvelo eRussia zaqhamuka ziphuma kule kwangqingetshe, akunakwenzeka kuyoba ushintsho lwangempela.

Ministry of Natural Resources

Ezweni ngalinye kukhona kokubili izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye netinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende edingida ezemvelo, bekwenza ngezindleko zabo. Ngumuphi kubo ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono nemisebenzi yawo - ndaba eyinkimbinkimbi futhi inkani. Nakanjani, umkhuba omuhle lo, lapho i unit kwemvelo ezweni ugunyaziwe izici ezithuthukile.

Ministry of Natural Resources kanye Environmental Protection eRussia kusukela ngo-2008. It kuHulumeni libika ngokuqondile. Ububanzi bemisebenzi wenhlangano akuzona ebanzi kakhulu. Ministry has imisebenzi emibili - zomthetho elilawulayo. imisebenzi Direct abazenzi ngokwakha lomthetho, owawuthi, kukhona control, umsebenzi we amabhizinisi, izakhiwo zomphakathi, kuncike isimo ekhethekile (izinqolobane, amapaki kazwelonke), umthamo production emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa kanye resource isizinda. Ngeshwa, umzimba ukuthi ngabe ukugada ukuqaliswa imithetho, isinyathelo esiqondile endabeni ukwephulwa kungekho mthetho. Ngakho, Ministry of Natural Resources Environment usesikhundleni yokwenziwa maqondana ukuphepha ecosystem wezwe.

Umhlaba - konke esingakwenza!

Agro-zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi akuyona ngengozi ingenye yezindawo ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. umhlaba wokulima ithatha amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600. Lesi sibalo omkhulu, le mfuyo resource alikho izwe emhlabeni. Amandla, ngubani ngempela obakhathalelayo komhlabathi wabo senzelwe ukutshala izitshalo lisetshenziswe ukudla umkhakha ukukhanya, ukungatholi usebenze phansi waphakamisela.

ukusetshenziswa engenangqondo umquba, okuyinto is phetho ukuphishekela ezithela eliphezulu, imishini akusebenzi esindayo, i- ubuqotho inhlabathi, Ukuwohloka Ukwakheka amakhemikhali inhlabathi, hhayi kuphela emasimini izingadi, kodwa futhi kusezweni abangekho kwezolimo - yiso sonke lesi isithelo Ukungenela komuntu, bona ngqo isibonise nendlela esingathola qakala kwezwe elisizungezile. Ngokungangabazeki, ukondla abantu abaningi kangaka, abalimi kufanele alime njalo sendawo, kodwa indlela futhi sengqondo kufanele ngokuphelele ebuyekeziwe.

izindlela Modern zokwenza ibhizinisi, esekelwe amapulazi, emazweni athuthukile ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi abanikazi umhlaba obakhathalelayo "umhlengikazi" yabo, futhi ukubuya uthola isivuno ephakeme, ngokulandelana, futhi engenayo.

Isimo nge kwemithombo yamanzi

Ukuqala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili-kuphawulwa ukuqaphela ukuthi Freshwater izinsiza emhlabeni wonke isebujameni inhlekelele. Le nkinga kwemvelo futhi isimo nezemvelo njengoba ukungcola kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi okuphuza, igcwele ukushabalala lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa. Ukubaluleka udaba kwaba nzima nokuya wemfanelo xaxa izinga amanzi zokuqapha. Nokho, imizamo ababuthakathaka ukuze amanzi agelezele izinkomba evamile baye behluleka ukuyixazulula.

Iqiniso lokuthi labantu kakhulu eqinisweni izifunda eseningizimu nemaphakathi. Basuke kanzulu amandla ngobukhulu zezimboni yezwe, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo. Inombolo efanelekayo nokugcina imizimba yabantu umkhakha amanzi, kunalokho, akuyona njengoba eliphezulu kuyadingeka. ukucindezela okukhulu phezu komfula ekhona kuye kwasho ukuthi ezinye zazo cishe abantu abaye balahlekelwa umsebenzi, abanye basuke ezingcolile ngakho ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwabo ngokuqinile engenakwenzeka.

Thuthukisa isimo kwemvelo kukhona, kodwa osebenza ku imizimba amanzi ukuthi zithathwa ngaphansi kolawulo esiqinile. Izibalo, okuyinto njani simo jikelele inhlekelele:

• 12% kuphela amadamu, ngokuvumelana kwezenkolo, ziwela ngaphansi kuqhathaniswa ehlanzekile.
• Inani ukungcola enobungozi njengokusebenzisa zinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, beyizidlova kwezinye amachibi amakhulu izikhathi imikhawulo kuvunyelwe.
• Okuningi labantu polviny isebenzisa amanzi ngezinhloso ezifuywayo, asifanele ukuphuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ngo-10% sabantu ezisetshenziselwa ukupheka onikeza ukuphila emanzini, futhi ubuthi cha. Lokhu kuphakamisa nokuqubuka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo, izifo nezinye izifo emathunjini, amagciwane asemanzini.

Yini esiwuhogelayo wona?

Ezomhlaba bakhombise ukuthi isimo samanje bezemvelo wezasemoyeni sesingconywana eminyakeni yamuva. Izibalo, Nokho, kuhle nje ephepheni, empeleni, ekwindla ka-kwekhabhoni iphutha emazingeni ongabalulekile lowo, kanti kwezinye izindawo ngisho lenyuke. Minyaka yonke, 18,000 amabhizinisi ezweni lonke ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amathani izinto eziyingozi angaphezu kuka-24 million.

Esibucayi kakhulu isimo kwemvelo emadolobheni ezifana Krasnoyarsk, eMoscow, eKemerovo, kuyashaqisa, Arkhangelsk naseNovosibirsk. Uhlu amadolobha okungekuhle isizinda okwakhiwa ngalo kuhlanganisa 41 isikhundla ezweni lonke.

Ngaphezu ekushayweni amagesi umusi, ngenxa kwenani labafana izimoto emigwaqweni, yomsebenzi omkhulu amabhizinisi njalo, kukhona nesinye isici ezibukela phansi isimo emvelweni - kuyinto ukukhishwa ngephutha. Kabi ezigugile, ephelelwe yisikhathi ukwelashwa izindawo yimbangela ezingaphezu kwama-40% yesizwe sonkana sibe nezifo zokuphefumula, mayelana 5% - umdlavuza.

ngemvelo Urban

Okungukuthi, izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile uhlushwa umoya omubi, amanzi angcolile, ukungabi imikhiqizo ukudla esibhalwe ukuthi "eco-friendly". Emadolobheni amakhulu, ezifana eMoscow, izikhulu zizama ukusungula uhlaka amabhizinisi ukwakha uhlanzekile isitshalo yesimanje, sente busha izinhlelo amapayipi kanye namanzi. Izenzo ezinjalo iziphathimandla sakwazi ukukhulisa dolobha kulo nyaka kusuka 68 th endaweni 33rd ezingeni bokungcola simo jikelele emadolobheni wezwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinyathelo azanele. Njalo ehlobo, izakhamuzi emadolobheni amakhulu uhlushwa ngentuthu, intuthu, amazinga aphezulu yamagesi asemkhathini.

Ukwanda kwamadolobha kanye lokuhlushwa eliphezulu labantu endaweni encane ebhekene Ukuwohloka kwemithombo yemvelo ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. inqubomgomo ezinganeni ku kwagezi kanye non-ngokuvumelana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe nokuvikeleka umsebenzi ezimbonini, futhi kungabenza buthaka ibhalansi yemvelo. Ngakho, isimo emvelweni somuzi idolo.

Nge sibonelo esigqamile ngemiphumela endaweni embi kungatholakala ngokubheka izibalo izifo ebuntwaneni amashumi eminyaka. Izinga eliphansi kwasekuzalweni, izifo aluthola, ababuthakathaka izivikeli mzimba - yilokho kanye okwenzekayo wabhekana nsuku zonke.

Yebo, futhi abantu abadala yamadolobha zikhona izizathu ukukhathazeka. Isikhathi ukuphila izakhamizi abakhileyo izindawo bewela ngaphansi isigaba imvelo abanamusa, ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansana iminyaka 10-15.

Ukuqoqa, kabusha futhi ukucubungula imfucuza

Inkinga ukungcoliswa kwemvelo imfucuza awumusha futhi phezu kobuso, ngokoqobo. sokuchitha kulahlwa mkhuba uye zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi futhi kuholela ushintsho ehlelekile yenarha eyodwa emathuneni enkulu. Eqaphela ukuthi ijubane yokuthi labantu kanye umkhakha ukukhiqiza ukuchitha leli themba eduze, Ministry of the Environment uye wanquma ukwakha isiqondiso entsha emsebenzini wakhe. Okungukuthi inhlangano izikhungo maqondana nokuqoqwa, ukuhlunga kanye kabusha imfucumfucu ahlukahlukene kabusha.

Zonke efanayo, West uNkulunkulu uzwile, walalela lolu daba emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Inombolo imfucuza ezingacubunguliwe abazi idlule 20%, kanti lesi sibalo kane ephakeme kunaleyo eRussia. Kodwa amacebo sokulindela okuhle ubuholi wezwe izoshintsha futhi ngo-2020 uyofinyelela kabusha okugcwele ekusetshenzisweni kwazo yabenza umkhakha namandla. Lokhu ekwakhiweni umsebenzi uyajabula kakhulu, ngoba endabeni ukugcwaliseka imigomo emikhulu esingayiphila isimo esikahle sokuxoxa kwemvelo nemibandela kuleli zwe.

Izinhlekelele zeminyaka yamuva

Okwamanje, kufanele imivuzo futhi saneliswe yilokho esinakho. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi isimo kwemvelo wamanje ngonyaka libukelwa phansi, lubonakale ezindaweni ezihlukene, okubonisa zonke kohlelo ukuhlanzwa lokuvikela imvelo.

Ngokusho izishoshovu, isikhathi sokugcina laba abantu iRussia yayinabantu okungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nezinkinga ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Ngakho, ngo-Sverdlovsk esifundeni, e Zhelezyanke River, amazinga zensimbi manganese emanzini idlula kuyinsakavukela ngu 22 futhi 25,000 izikhathi, ngokulandelana! Lezi zinombolo ungadikibali kunoma iziphi ingqondo, futhi isimo siya siba sibi kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iziphathimandla zendawo ukwenza lutho.

kaningi ejection zikaphethiloli ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa futhi zokuthutha izibonelo zayo futhi kubonisa izimo zemvelo. Amafutha, uwoyela ochithekile emanzini, kuholele kokufa izinyoni, izilwane, ukungcoliswa kokubili amadamu kanye komhlaba. kwenzeka okufanayo ngesikhathi kwehla le ngozi ne kawoyela "Nadezhda" ngasogwini Sakhalin Island ngo-November kulonyaka.

Zemvelo emhlabeni wonke okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi ukuze kusindiswe iChibi iBaikal. Ukuziqhenya Russia bungase bube ingxenye ixhaphozi. Imininingwane ngamanzi izihlanzi yayo, amanzi angcolile kusuka endle, kuphakamisa ngokweqile algal blooms. ezinobuthi kungukuthi nje kungcolisa amanzi futhi ibe imbangela ukushabalala izimila ezingavamile futhi ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo echibini.

Izindlela Ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo

Isimo kwemvelo eRussia kudinga zilekelele masinya. ukubhekwa Passive, manje ukwenza isimo lugcwele izinkinga ezingathi sína. Izindlela eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ukuthuthukisa ezihlobene ngokuphelele wonke amazinga abantu.

Kubalulekile kukhuthazani zonke izakhamuzi izinto eziyisisekelo namasiko kwemvelo. Phela, ngisho imithetho engcono nezikhulu hlelo ngeke ukwazi ukuze anqobe le nkinga, uma ukuba anake umphakathi. Nakuba ngokuvamile ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela ekuvalweni izingozi, ukuhlanzwa esishintshashintshayo ugu, amapaki, zokuvakasha ezingeke kodwa jabulani.

Ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe eyonga amandla kuwo wonke amazinga, kusukela emizini yabazalwane izinkampani ezinkulu ezimbonini ukuze - kuyinto ebaluleke okumele ixazululwe eminyakeni ezayo.

Imibuzo ukusetshenziswa ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, isizinda sabo, yokutakula ayikwazi kungalungiswa. Ukushiya lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo, ithuba khona, akumele bathembele ngokuphelele self-ukuvuselelwa ingcebo yawo engokwemvelo. Umuntu esihlukile nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga iplanethi, kunengqondo ukuthi, Ngakho-ke, lokhu engqondweni kufanele ube yini kuphela ukusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi ukuze udale into ezuzisayo!