EChernobyl NPP inhlekelele April 26, 1986

April 26, 1986 ... Lolu suku uzokhunjulwa izizukulwane Ukraine, Belarusians namaRashiya njengoba usuku kanye ngonyaka, lapho yayikhona esabekayo ingozi indoda-okubangelwa. Lapho kwenzekile lokhu, mhlawumbe, ngisho nochwepheshe elitheni ngokugcwele hhayi fully aware of BABE sonke elinde kamuva.

Disaster April 26, 1986 kwaphumela okubangela ukufa kwezinkulungwane zabantu futhi isifo eziphehliwe amahlathi, anobuthi amanzi nomhlabathi, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo nezilwane. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumephu Ukraine uvele amathathu-ikhilomitha inyumbazane zone, aye ndawo zazo kungenzeka kuphela imibhalo ekhethekile esigunyazayo.

Le ndatshana ihlose hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi waphinda kukhumbuze abafundi kwenzekeni April 26, 1986, kodwa awubheke ukuthi kwenzekeni, njengoba besho, kusukela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Manje, kubonakala, ke Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kuleli zwe lanamuhla, bayanda ngokuvamile yilabo babezimisele ukukhokha imali eningi ukuze into ethile ingabe uhambe uhambo kulezi zindawo, futhi ezinye izakhamizi zangaphambili ngeke ubanjwe on kwezinye izifunda ngokuvamile ngemva kwalokho abuyela yisithunzi; isipoki yabo namadolobha.

isifinyezo emfushane izenzakalo

Cishe eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, okungukuthi 26 Apreli ka-1986, yini manje kwenzeka Ukraine sika le ngozi ngobukhulu zenuzi emhlabeni, ngemiphumela lapho uzizwa iplanethi futhi kuze kube sesikhathini sethu.

Ngezinye sokuphehla amandla eChernobyl yamila a enuzi ngokuhlakaza kwenyanga yesine amandla iyunithi. Umoya waba ukhiphe ngesikhathi esifanayo omningi ebulalayo izinto radioactive.

It manje kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphela ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, kusukela ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986, nje kusayithi abantu 31, ushone ngenxa yokuchayeka emisebeni. Kamuva, 134 bathunyelwa umtholampilo ezikhethekile ukuze athole ukwelashwa kakhulu ukugula ngemisebe futhi waphinde 80 ngaphezulu ubuhlungu wafa kusukela isifo esikhumbeni, igazi ipheshana zokuphefumula.

EChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (1986, 26 April kanye ezinsukwini ezilandelayo), ngaphezulu kwanoma yisiphi esinye isidingo yezandla ukusebenza. Ukumiswa yengozi yahanjelwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane, iningi labo amasosha.

Mhlawumbe umphumela oyingozi kakhulu yengozi ukukhululwa omkhulu ku imvelo obulalayo izinto radioactive, okungukuthi isotopes ka plutonium, i-uranium, i-iodine cesium, Sesithombe nothuli enemisebe uqobo. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo fu elinobuthi hhayi kuphela embozwe bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli eSoviet Union, kodwa futhi eMpumalanga Yurophu emazweni aseScandinavia, kodwa iningi eChernobyl angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 26 Apreli 1986 singafaneleki Belarusian futhi Ukrainian SSR.

Kuyaphenywa izimbangela ingozi kuthatha eziningi ochwepheshe international, kodwa ngisho namanje, akekho owaziyo izimbangela sigameko kweqiniso.

Le ndawo yokusabalalisa

Ngemva kwaleyo ngozi, azungeze eChernobyl kwadingeka ukuhlonza okuthiwa "ufile" indawo ye-30 km. Amakhulu nemizana babhujiswa cishe emhlabathini noma zigqitshwe ngaphansi amathani emhlabeni ngosizo imishini esindayo. Uma sicabangela sphere kwezolimo, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi Ukraine ngaleso sikhathi base belahlekelwe amahektha ayizigidi ezinhlanu inhlabathi evundile.

I ophendulayo amandla wesine phambi ukwehluleka kwaba cishe 190 amathani fuel, 30% okuyinto ukukhululwa ukuqhuma emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi isigaba asebenzayo wahlala isotopes ahlukahlukene enemisebe zanqwabelana ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Bona, ngokusho kongoti kanye esiyingozi kakhulu.

Bangaphezu kuka-200 000 sq. km ezungeze umhlaba unendle ngemisebe. imisebe ebulalayo is asakazeka njengesilonda aerosol kancane kancane sokuxazulula phezu. Kwemoya ezindaweni lapho wawuncike ku ovunguzayo isiqondiso. Kakhulu hit nenkuthalo izifunda lapho 26 Apreli 1986 no emasontweni ambalwa ezayo, isihlambi semvula.

Ubani obangela lokho kwenzeka?

Ngo-April 1987 eChernobyl, aphethwe yokuzwa. Enye imbangela eyinhloko Ingozi yenuzi eChernobyl emkhomba esiteshini umqondisi, umuntu othile B. Bryuhanov ekuqaleni abasishaya indiva imithetho zokucathula ukuphepha. Ngemva kwalokho, le ndoda understated ngamabomu idatha ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe, ungafaki endaweni uhlelo esiphuthumayo abasebenzi kanye bendawo.

yokuthi ngokunganaki bezakhamuzi imisebenzi yabo esemthethweni futhi inqubo avuleka April 26, 1986 by unjiniyela omkhulu we eChernobyl Fomin nesekela lakhe A. Dyatlov. Bonke bagwetshwa iminyaka engu-10 ebhadla ejele.

Ukuze eminye iminyaka emihlanu, ulahlwe yicala inhloko kakhulu shift le ngozi yenzeke lapho (B. Rogozhkin), abathathu - Kovalenko, iPhini lakhe, futhi ezimbili - Yu Laushkin, umhloli isimo Gosatomenergonadzor.

Uma uthi nhlá kungase kubonakale ukuthi ngempela angaba nonya kangako, kodwa uma bonke laba bantu baye uqaphele kakhulu umsebenzi ku esinjalo, njengoba kwenzeka le nhlekelele yaseChernobyl April 26, 1986 akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke.

Isexwayiso futhi baphume sabantu

Ikhomishana ochwepheshe uthi ngemuva kwengozi, into yokuqala okufanele ngokushesha khipha labantu, kodwa akekho wathatha umthwalo ukuthatha izinqumo ezidingekile. Kwase Kunalokho, ukuphila kwabantu kungaba amashumi ngisho namakhulu izikhathi ezincane.

Ekusebenteni, kwathi abantu usuku lonke wayengazi lutho ngalokho okwenzekile. April 26, 1986 owayesebenze ngesakhiwo, umuntu ukulungiselela edolobheni oluzayo Meyi amaholide, enkulisa izingane emgwaqweni, futhi abafundi, sengathi akwenzekanga lutho, bahlanganyele ukuvivinya umzimba endaweni evulekile, bacabanga emoyeni.

Umsebenzi yokususa sabantu kuphela waqala ebusuku lapho isikhulu beza wayala ukuba balungiselele basishiye. April 27, sekumenyezelwe umyalelo ku ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi egcwele edolobheni, ihlelelwe 14.00.

Njengoba eChernobyl inhlekelele April 26, 1986 okuyinto wayencisha ikhaya ezinkulungwane Ukraine owaphenduka idolobha satellite ethobekile Pripyat e usongo abesabekayo phansi izindlu, bashiya amapaki kanye izingadi nabafileyo, ezitaladini eyihlane.

Uvalo ukucunula

Lapho amahemuhemu lokuqala ngengozi, abanye abantu bakhetha ukushiya umuzi wedwa. Kakade April 26, 1986, ngo-Engxenyeni yesibili ngosuku, abesifazane abaningi bethukile futhi ekhathazeke kakhulu zakubona ezandleni izinsana, sasigijima phansi endleleni kude nomuzi.

Zonke lutho, kodwa zikwenza lokhu ukuze ngokusebenzisa umthamo ihlathi, ukungcola okuyinto empeleni izikhathi eziningi mkhulu kunabo bonke izinkomba evumelekile. Umgwaqo ... Ngokusho ofakazi, asphalt enamathela wasihlaba ongaziwa neon umthunzi, nakuba ezama ukuzenza athandeke kubantu ngobuningi uthele amanzi okuxutshwa ezingaziwa ezilula ongelutho isixazululo emhlophe.

Kuyishwa kakhulu ukuthi izinqumo ezinkulu ku wokutakula futhi baphume azisuswanga ngesikhathi.

Futhi ekugcineni, iminyaka embalwa nje kwaba sobala ukuthi amasevisi imfihlo yaseSoviet Union babeyazi workpiece engamathani amathathu lapho kwenziwa inyama kanye amathani ayishumi nanhlanu lamafutha ezindaweni okuyinto wathinta ngqo eChernobyl angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 26 Apreli 1986. Naphezu kwalokhu, baye banquma kabusha imikhiqizo enemisebe, unezela izingxenye okumsulwa kuqhathaniswa kuzo. Ngokuhambisana lesi sinqumo, kuba inyama enemisebe nebhotela abangu razvezeno Izigayo eziningi ezinkulu yezwe.

I-KGB wayazi nokuthi ekwakhiweni eChernobyl asebenzisa imishini yokukhulisa engaphelele esasiya, futhi wayewazi kahle izinhlobo ezahlukene ukwehluleka ekuklanyweni esiteshini, lenqwaba isisekelo futhi khona imifantu ezindongeni ...

Kuyini lokho okuye kwenziwa? Imizamo ukuvimbela i usizi enkulu nakakhulu

Cishe ingxenye yabo ebusuku wesibili edolobheni eChernobyl (1986, April 26) emnyangweni umlilo lendawo athola umbiko umlilo. I bagade ushiye ikholi futhi cishe ngokushesha okuhambisa isibonakaliso somlilo yinkimbinkimbi eliphezulu.

Lapho befika kule ndawo, ithimba eliyisipesheli wabona ukuthi ophahleni ivutha Igumbi umshini kanye omkhulu ophendulayo ihholo. By the way, kuze kube manje, lwathola ukuthi ngokubeka ukuthi esabekayo umlilo guys eniyenzayo ncamashi ehholo ophendulayo sekukaningi hit.

6 kuphela ngehora lesine ekuseni lowo mlilo ucime ngokuphelele.

Sekukonke, izimoto 14 nabasebenzi 69 ababehilelekile. Kusukela ovaloli abantu ukuze afeze enomsebenzi obalulekile ezifana, saba kuphela useyili ovaloli, nesigqoko sokuzivikela futhi amagilavu. Abesilisa umlilo ngaphandle buso, njengoba umsebenzi wabo kwakungu-akunakwenzeka ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu.

Kakade ngehora lesibili ekuseni lapho aqala ehlaselwe ngemisebe. Abantu baqala ukuhlanza kanye ubuthakathaka jikelele, kanye ngilugcinile okuthiwa "yenuzi tan." Kuthiwa abanye amagilavu isuswe nesikhumba sakho.

izicishamlilo Desperate baye benza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela umlilo ukuze uthole iyunithi lwesithathu esikhathini esizayo. Abasebenzi wahlanganyela esiteshini esifanayo, zokucisha imithombo yendawo emagumbini ehlukene, futhi esiteshini uthethe konke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze uvimbele hydrogen ukuqhuma. Lezi zenzo wasiza ukuvimbela i inhlekelele enkulu nakakhulu ezenziwe umuntu.

imiphumela eziphilayo waso sonke isintu

Ionizing emisebeni has a mathonya alimazayo begazi nabo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Radiative ekushayweni phambili ekubhujisweni ndaba begazi, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, isitho izicubu izakhiwo ukushintsha. ngemisebe okunjalo ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezahlukene izifo umdlavuza, ukugula ngemisebe, ukuphazamiseka kubalulekile umzimba imisebenzi, ushintsho kanye nokwahlukana DNA kanye nemiphumela ekufeni.

Ghost edorobheni okuthiwa Pripyat

I ngemva kwenhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo edolobheni wavusa isithakazelo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba Ochwepheshe. Bona bakamalalahlengezela ukuza lapha, ukuzama ukukala futhi sihlaziye ezingeni emisebeni yangemuva endaweni ethintekile.

Nokho, ngo-90s. Pripyat waqala bunakwe kakhulu kusuka ososayensi nentshisekelo nezinguquko ezenzeka endaweni ezungezile imvelo, kanye nezindaba ezinguquko kwendawo yemvelo ngaphandle komuzi, ishiywa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwethonya womuntu.

izikhungo eziningi Ukraine ucwaningo kwenziwe ukuhlolwa e izinguquko yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Stalkers eChernobyl zone

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi stalkers ngokuthi abantu nge hook noma nge kwengobe ukuze ukungena endaweni evikelwe. EChernobyl futhi abathandi emidlalweni eyingozi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, okuyinto zingafani nangendlela ezibukeka ngayo, kusetshenziswa olungamukelekile, izithombe kanye nemibiko okulungiselelwe. Eyokuqala - the ukwazi, kwesibili - ngemibono.

Ngiyavuma, manje abezindaba kungenzeka ngempela ukuthola ulwazi oluningi ngesihloko: "eChernobyl. 1986. 26 Apreli ". stalkers Enelukuluku esuka lapho angena ulwazi lwabo mayelana indawo ngemisebe. A indima oluphawulekayo ayefeze nemidlalo yama-computer. Laba bantu abasha, ubudala ogama isilinganiso kuyaqabukela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, ezimweni eziningi kuphela singene indawo okungayi, kodwa musa siwele umngcele ngokwayo eChernobyl. Kulapho adventure uphela.

Eyesibili isigaba - a stalkers ngemibono esiyingqayizivele. They zuza ezijulile, hhayi kuphela e-zone-30 ikhilomitha, kodwa-ikhilomitha 10, uhlale khona izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kunzima ukuchaza ukuthi yini eshukumisela abantu abanjalo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ukuba indlela yabo yokukhuluma. ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana nalokho usayizi leli qembu stalkers, cha, kodwa izilinganiso eseduze engekho ngaphezu kuka-20, futhi "umdlalo" iphezulu kakhulu.

Izakhamuzi Wanamuhla EChernobyl

Ingxenye enkulu labantu kuleyo ndawo naphezu kokuvinjelwa nemingcele, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile namanje wabuya. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu sezibuyele kwamanye amazwe 1200, kodwa ngo-2007 kwakunabamemezeli 314. kuphela Call kubo emikhukhwini. Njengomthetho, abantu abadala, futhi isizathu esiyinhloko nokwehla elibukhali inombolo yabo ubhekwa ubudala. Yini eyenza abantu ukuba babuyele emakhaya abo kungangcoliswa ngemisebe? Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi lesi sinqumo kwaba esibucayi ezinzima zomnotho kuleli zwe, falling imali eyiphinda sabantu futhi ukwenqena baphonse emizini yabo.

I okunye isiphetho sokuphehla amandla

Ngemva kwaleyo ngozi ngo-April 1986, wonke umsebenzi yenuzi kuye kwamiswa, kodwa ngo-Okthoba, ngemuva ukwakhiwa kwalesi sarcophagus futhi kwenziwe ukuhlanza umsebenzi, izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili zisebenze futhi, futhi ngo-December 1987 wasungula lwesithathu.

Ngo-1995, i-Ukraine, i-European Union kanye amazwe Group of Seven baye isayine isivumelwano isimiso ngaphansi lapho Ukuvalwa egcwele eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi ukuthi kwakufanele ukwenza ngonyaka ka-2000. Ngo-December 2000, block wesithathu eChernobyl ekugcineni wayeka.

Kuze kube manje, lo sarcophagus babeka phezu ukushiswa esiteshini iyunithi, kancane kancane ubhujiswe. EBRD ngo-2004 Kwabe eyenziwa ithenda ukuze kwakhiwe yokukhosela entsha, wayinqoba ibhizinisi French ngokuhlanganyela 2007.

Ngo-2015, eChernobyl esikhungweni samandla enuzi aye ziphela ekugcineni ukusebenza kwawo.