Marc Anthony: Biography futhi ukuphila komuntu kumlawuli

Umlando zezwe lasendulo - Kwelinye lamakhasi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke isintu. isigaba okugcina kwaba Ancient Rome - isimo, obabukhona cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Isithakazelo emlandweni kuleli zwe lasendulo kungenxa yokuthi ke, kwandiswa idolobha ku indawo enkulukazi isakhiwo, usephendukele ngokusebenzisa izigaba eziningi yentuthuko. Nale uthi lasendulo sihilela okuningi amagama, futhi omunye wabo - uMark Antony.

eRoma lasendulo

Ngenxa yalokho, okuye kwafinyelelwa III-mina eminyaka BC, ke laba umbuso wezwe. Ukuvelela, ukubulala, ukunqoba, amandla esingenakuqhathaniswa endabeni nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji wesikhathi - konke lokhu kuye kwaba legumbi e isisekelo umbuso. indima ebalulekile lokhu eyadlalwa noGayu Yuliy Tsezar - umbusi waseRoma enamandla kakhulu. Lokhu sezombusazwe udumo futhi jikelele, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi indlela eya enkazimulweni amanga enkundleni yempi kude lé nemingcele zombuso, wakwazi okuyinani eliphindwe cishe kabili ngobukhulu isimo.

Njengoba umuntu othambekele amandla, wakwazi ukusungula eRoma umthetho waseRoma wawunamandla. ukoma kwakhe sokunqoba ngokuthi ekusebenzeni kwaleli amaphrojekthi kwakwakhiwa kakhulu. Futhi ukwenza kanjalo, isize kuphela umbimbi abaseduze, oyedwa wabo uMark Antony. Rome kuKhesari Inkathi isimo sokungalalelwa kwemithetho abe umbuso onamandla. Futhi indima ebalulekile lokhu eyadlalwa nomsizi wakhe othembekile - uMark Antony, izithombe zabo ngokudayisa kungabonakala iyiphi ebhukwinitifundvo umlando esikoleni.

ally abaseduze

Praetor indodana Antoniya Kritskogo nomzala Tsezarya Yulii, umlawuli esizayo sezombusazwe owazalwa 82 BC th. ebusheni bakhe angeke ngokuthi ezolile kulinganiswa. UMark Antony bebephila ukuphila okuxekethile kakhulu kanye nokumosha. Ngesinye isikhathi wathi 'kwadingeka ngisho ukuba abalekele ababolekisi kwabo Greece, lapho isikhashana wafundiswa ifilosofi nesayensi. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile le nsizwa waqaphela ukuthi wonke lokhu alien kuye. ezindabeni zezempi - ukuthi lokho unqume azinikele uMark Antony.

biography

Wazalwa usuku lweshumi nane Januwari 82 th BC kwelinye imikhaya adumile aseRoma, elalingelamaFilisti iqembu elibusayo. Uyise - Marku Antoniy Kritsky, noma cretica, livela umndeni endala kakhulu, okuyinto, ngokusho legend, babuyela indodana yakhe Gerakla Antonu.

Anthony okhokho baye matasa izikhundla eziphakeme ngaso sonke isikhathi eRoma. Uyisemkhulu ayeseqale iwine isihloko inxusa, futhi kamuva ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi.

ebuntwaneni

Emkhayeni, umlawuli esizayo, ngaphezu yena, wakhula amadodana amabili. Yena, njengezinye eziningi inzalo ka imindeni ezihloniphekayo, wathola imfundo yekhethelo ekhaya. Wayeke njalo wabikezela ikusasa eliqhakazile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Mark Anthony, biography kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kakhulu Cicero, wayehlale esesimweni esihle kakhulu somzimba futhi uye waphumelela umzimba ezempi wokulungiselela futhi Gymnastic. Lokhu kubhekwa ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emfundweni abasha Roma zasebukhosini.

intsha

UMark Antony, bani usakhula zaba a kuqhathaniswa ethule ngokokuqala zombuso, wafuna, njengabanye ezicukuthwaneni abasha, ithuba lokuveza imibono yazo ngokukhululekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke imikhankaso wezempi zazingakapheli inhlokodolobha, ikakhulukazi intsha ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sabo eRoma esikhundleni senkonzo yezempi. UMark Antony wazama ukulingisa zakhe ezikude amadlozi Hercules: yena nobhebhenene lwentshebe, waqala ahaqe isambatho sakhe ngesikhathi okhalweni kuya kwesingezansi, sigqoke ezethu izigqoko inkemba yakho embozwe ingubo esindayo.

Nakuba-ke kangakanani, kuthonywa kakhulu Gay Kurion - indodana inxusa. Njengoba wokuphila abathi, ukuthi ngiyisigqila esizayo omkhulu umkhuzi abesifazane, obuningi futhi khezekheze.

Naphezu ivelaphi ezihloniphekayo, Antony ebusheni bakhe babehambile Sichithiwe ngokuphelele idumela. Ngakho-ke, umndeni wakhe akakwazanga ukuphatha ukuvumelana ukushadana intombazane evela emkhayeni zasebukhosini. Ngenxa yalokho, wathatha umshado wakhe wokuqala indodakazi freedmen abacebile ukhonza Quinta lamaGalla. Nokho, lo mkhaya ngeke ezimiselwe banomlando omude kuya BC 44. e. Umkakhe wafa esikhathini esingengakanani.

Kude nekhaya

Ubaba uzakwabo Yuliya Tsezarya futhi sithi uMark Antony umkhuzi esizayo Sr. ngakwesokunxele ngemva kokufa izikweletu omkhulu, eyawela emahlombe indodana yakhe. Kodwa njengoba wayephila ukuphila zasendle kakhulu, kwakumelwe akhokhe lutho. Ezazifunwa abakweletwayo, wabalekela Greece. Lapha u-Antony okwesikhathi wafundela zefilosofi ezidumile rhetoricians. Kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi ezindabeni zezempi nakakhulu kuye, waphonsa lo humanities. Ngokushesha umphathi-sifundazwe yaseSiriya Gabinius uMark Antony waqokwa ikhanda ala mabutho anamakhanda. Warrior ngokwemvelo, wazehlukanisa nemikhankaso ngokumelene Aristobulus eJudiya, naseGibithe, lapho basiza ngazo zonke izindlela uPtolemy XII Avleta futhi lwamsiza ukuba wenze ngokuvumelana sobukhosi.

Ngaphansi kobuholi kaKhesari

Amagama la osopolitiki ababili futhi ojenene atehlukaniseki komunye nomunye. Esikhathini BC wama-54. e. Antony, uKhesari efika eGaul, ngosizo aluthola ekomkhulu lamaphoyisa. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, lapho kwaba enduneni nge Cassius Longinus wakwazi ukusekela yokugcina e iSigele. Kodwa ayengenayo yi kulindeleke, ngakho u-Anthony, kanye nezinye tsezariantsam, kwadingeka libaleke kuleli dolobha.

waqala Impi. Gay Yuly wanika Anthony amabutho, bagxila e-Italy. Empini ye Pharsalus Anthony alwa phezu flank ngakwesokunxele. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe eRoma, wamiswa kaKhesari Magister equitum - inhloko mabutho. Ngomnyaka wamashumi ayisihlanu, ngokusekelwa abavikela yakhe waba induna enkulu abantu. Wazibonakalisa umsekeli oqinile inzuzo yokugcina nokuthatha ukwethenjwa kwakhe okuphelele ekuqaleni kulwiwa, wathola okuthunyelwe Propraetor futhi waqala ukuhola ekuphathweni kombuso wamaRoma ezweni ukungabi imithetho yombusi.

abavikela ukufa

Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi kuKhesari, eqinisweni, wathi umashiqela ukuphila kanye neNkosi yakwa-Rome, okwaholela lodwa futhi bemlahlile ekuphumuleni kwakhe. I iSigele ngokoqobo ofakwe ukunganeliseki kobushiqela. Ngisho protégé kuKhesari - Brutus Mark - wakwazi naye bamcela ukuba ashintshe.

Ekugcineni, ngo-March, iminyaka engamashumi amane nane BC. e. Abangu-bakhi, eliqhutshwa Imicabango yokuzikhethela, baletha icebo lakhe ku kuqalisa. NoGayu Yuliy Tsezar ugwazwe imimese. Kodwa ukufa kwakhe akuzange kuholele sokunqoba kobulungisa kanye nokubuyiselwa republic, njengoba kungaba njalo nokwenza bakhi.

inkulumo edumile

emngcwabeni kaKhesari kwakuhlelwe Mashi 20. Kusukela ngasekupheleni eRoma babengenalo kwezihlobo eziseduze, futhi Gay Oktavy - indodana yakhe yokutholwa - kwaba ngaleso sikhathi eGrisi, UMlungisi Brutus njengoba praetor ezisemadolobheni kwanqunywa ukuthi yokuvalelisa Uthi Antonio. Ngenkathi bakhi futhi tsezariantsam ngokusobala wakwazi ukugcina ukubukeka nokubuyisana, Nokho, isixuku abakuthukuthelela, futhi lokhu wathatha umfundi futhi osebenza naye kaKhesari. inkulumo evuthayo uMark Antony, ubiza ukuze ajezise ababulali, yaqedwa ukuboniswa we igazi umashiqela Toga.

Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba afuna, emcimbini iphukile: amaRoma bahlangana kusukela izitolo ezizungezile zonke izinto sokhuni ngakwesokudla Forum wahlela eziphonsa emlilweni wokushisa isidumbu umngcwabo, bese bephuthuma ukucinga kwabozungu.

ngemva kuKhesari

Ukwazi ukuthi uzohlupheka nxi njengonkulunkulu abavikela wakhe, sithi uMark Antony bableka eRoma. Kamuva weza emuva futhi kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu yengcebo futhi emilandwini umashiqela. Kwagqashuka ngosizo ngqo owawumaphakathi kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi abakhi bozungu baphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye inhloko-dolobha umbuso ngezikhali. Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kodwa sithi uMark Antony waba umbusi yedwa. Waze wakwazi ukubamba uchungechunge izinguquko futhi zamukele imithetho emisha.

Race for amandla

Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana iSigele isinqumo sokuthi basiphikise yini Antoniyu Gaya-Octavian, ubani kuKhesari ngaphambi nje ukubulala okuthiwa ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe. Kancane kancane sizana umashiqela aqala ukuphelelwa usithonye. Futhi lapho impi Mutinskoy 43rd BC. e. amabutho akhe anqotshwa, kwadingeka abaleke ukuze asindise kuya eningizimu. Kube umkhuzi Mark Anthony wakhothamela inyunyana Lepidus Marc - sifundazwe sase-eGaul Isiseduze Spain. Ukuthayipha ku nabaningi butho he wathuthela e-Italy. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqembu alwayo yayivumile, bakha triumvirate - ". Inyunyana laba abathathu" Guy Antony, Lepidus futhi sithi uMark Antony waba umbusi ophakeme eRoma, ukususa impi waseFilipi, abaphikisi bakhe amakhulu - uCassius futhi Brutus wabulala kaKhesari.

ezintathu amandla akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside: ku 42 th bona u-Octavian, wangena isivumelwano isuswe Lepidus. Khona-ke sithi uMark Antony, ngubani division wathola ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi yoMbuso WamaRoma, yaqala ukuba bahlele kabusha izifundazwe zalo. Wayeya ngebhasi Greece, naseBhithiniya, Syria.

uthando Kugcine

It yonke indawo wabingelela udumisa. Kuphela indlovukazi yaseGibhithe Cleopatra akazange deign ukunakwa jikelele. Bethukutheliswe uMark Antony ngaphambilini wamcela ukuba eze waseTarsu. Kodwa lapho inkosikazi egqoke njengoba Venus, sizungezwe ulwandle Nymphs futhi cupids facies, umkhumbi omkhulu ngaphansi njengegazi oseyili nengemuva eyayibhalwe ngomkhumbi kusihlwa imisindo umculo mnene, beat-jikelele kanye reveler, indoda nesibindi futhi intandokazi abesifazane washaywa ezozibonela ubuhle bayo. Esikhundleni izinsongo siyathukuthela kuye kulandele isimemo kwakusihlwa.

Cleopatra futhi sithi uMark Antony umhlala emkhunjini, ugcwele rose amacembe. Idili wathatha izinsuku ezine, bese baya enhloko-dolobha yalo yokuhlala. ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma jikelele ayezimisele ukubanika kuleli zwe seductress.

Umlando Cleopatra futhi sithi uMark Antony

Phakathi nobusika enhloko-dolobha yaseGibhithe baqhubeka ukuzijabulisa zemikhosi yokuzitika. UMbusi ngokuphelele kusukela eziyimbangela. "Courtesan Aleksandriya," Ungakushiyi lover wakhe isikhashana, yaphenduka Bacchante voluptuous. Yena wathuthukisa yimiphi imizwelo yakhe, embona endaweni ehlelembekile, elisetshenziswa waphendula sakubhuqa ukuhlukunyezwa. Nsuku zonke Cleopatra futhi sithi uMark Antony iqhutshwe ukuzijabulisa: ukuphila kwabo isibe yangempela yaseshashalazini Zithokozise imihlobiso avuselelwe. Ngezinye izikhathi abathandi, egqoke izingubo ovamile, wahamba emigwaqweni, okuzobe kudlalelwa izimpi kanye namahlaya.

Umbusi kuphela ecabanga Cleopatra. Waqala ukuba uphisane ezweni ukuba izingane zakhe, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli kwenziwe izinhlamvu nge profile of othandekayo wakhe, futhi amapulangwe abadlali bawo bezinye izizwe knock igama lakhe.

intengo uthando

Roma, wezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, baqala ukukhononda. I BC 32nd. e. Umkhandlu Wezigele wanika u-Octavian. Diatribe yakhe ngokuqondile sithi uMark Antony. Wayelethwa enikezela intando yakhe zefa, lapho umphathi wamabutho aseRoma beyalwa ukuba bamngcwaba ezweni laseGibhithe, cishe zinyanga okuthiwa ngumkhapheli. Kodwa isizathu sokugcina kwaba iphuzu lapho sithi uMark Antony ngokuthi angene esikhundleni sakhe indodana ka Cleopatra futhi Yuliya Tsezarya, imbheka hhayi kuphela Egypt, kodwa futhi nezinye umhlaba, awunikela indlovukazi yakhe.

ITestamente kwaba sigemegeme. U-Octavian, egameni iSigele limenyezelwe impi eGibhithe.

Impi yezwe uMbuso WaseRoma

Cleopatra futhi Antony sika sebutho baningi. Ukuthi lokhu ombangela kunqotshwa kwazo: babencike kakhulu kuso, walahlekelwa. Egypt indlovukazi ingenabantwana isipiliyoni, zayala imikhumbi. Ngo impi ewumnqamula-juqu ekuqaleni kuka-September, iminyaka engu-31 BC. e., Awukude Actium ngesiGreki, wayengazi ukuthi isu lover, okwamanje juqu wamshiya, ngaphambilini ukuhoxa. Roma ephethwe Ukunqoba kumhambela.

Ngenxa yokuphelelwa ithemba, Cleopatra futhi sithi uMark Antony wenza idili yokuvalelisa. zemikhosi yokuzitika okunjalo kudlangile Egypt elake layibona.

ukufa

Lapho u-Octavian waya e-Alexandria, Queen, abafisa ukuthambisa wathuma izithunywa kuye nge kwezipho ezinhle. Futhi yena wazivalela amakamelo zilinda. Izinceku futhi abantu abaningi abasiqondi lesi ukubaleka, watshela u-Anthony ukuthi leso sithandwa sakhe wafa, bazibulala. Sebekuzwa induna wagwazwa bephethe angababulali. Washona amahora ambalwa ezandleni Cleopatra.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaRoma walidla Alexandria. Queen ezama ukuxoxisana Octavian akazange akusho ukuthi iholela empumelelweni. Ekugcineni ukupela yakhe akazange khiqiza phi umphumela, nakuba wayedume ukuzidela kwakhe.

Cleopatra ayinakho ukukhohlisa ngekusasa lakhe: kwakumelwe aye ngamaketanga eRoma Octavian inqola. Kodwa uyaziqhenya "courtesan Aleksandriya" londoloza ubuso: zeqiniso ephethwe ukuyinika ubhasikidi wezithelo, okuyinto lalicasha ngaphansi inyoka enesihlungu kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-August 30, ngonyaka 30 BC uqede uthando indaba uMark Antony futhi Cleopatra.

inzalo

Bomlando wayichaza le Umlawuli wamabutho ongumRoma, uzakwabo kaKhesari njengoba umuntu ukubukeka omele enhle. Izici eziyinhloko ubuntu bakhe ngokuthi ingqondo nokuphana, kusitsho nokuvuleka ngokomzwelo, adambise ngendlela nangesizotha. Zonke lezi zimfanelo, ngokuvumelana UPlutarch, futhi kwavula indlela kuye ngendlela embi okhazimulayo amandla. Babehlale nande ngamandla ayo, ngisho naphezu kwamaphutha eziningi kanye namaphutha. Kodwa ubuthakathaka bakhe oyinhloko zonke mlando ngokuthi Cleopatra ababemi endleleni yakhe futhi izimpilo eziphukile.

Marc Anthony kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa. amadodana amabili kumkakhe wokuqala Fulvia, indodakazi no-Anthony Junior - kusukela Octavia, udadewabo u-Octavian, futhi abathathu inzalo indlovukazi yaseGibhithe. Wamzalela twins - Aleksandra Geliosa futhi Cleopatra Selene, futhi abasebasha - Ptolomeya Filadelfa.

Umlando uyazi okungenani ezimbili namesakes wakhe, okuyinto, ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, kucatshangwa ukuthi inzalo ezikude. Lena Mark Antoniy Avrely, owayeneminyaka uMbusi waseRoma kusukela ngo-161 kuya ku-180 th ngonyaka th. Yena wayeyisazi sefilosofi, ummeleli stoicism sekwephuzile futhi umlandeli Epictetus. Waze kwesokunxele inzalo ka umsebenzi ivolumu nambili, onesihloko esithi "Ukuze ngokwakho."

Enye namesake - uMark Antony Roman Semproniano Afrika - owaziwayo historiography Roman kangcono ngegama I. Gordian Waba uMbusi Nombuso obusa ngonyaka 238th.

Noma kunjalo Gordian waziwa ngokuthi umuntu odale yemidlalo uMark Antony, eyayiqhutshwa Revels, unya akuyona kunabayeni nalokho okwakwenzeka e eColiseum.