Impi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia: ekuhlaziyeni

Phakathi nekhulu le-19 ngaphansi koMbuso isiRashiya kwakuwulimi omningi ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile. Phakathi nale minyaka engamakhulu esimweni washintsha ababusi eziningana. Uma ekuqaleni imithetho kwekhulu le-19 ka-Paul mina ke ekupheleni - kakade UNikolai II. Phakathi nale nkathi, uyekwa serfdom kanye neNgonyama sesibuthakathaka ukuze ukuthandwa okwandayo waqala ukuthola kwezifiso lamaKhomanisi, esangenza amaBolshevik ukuza amandla ekuqaleni Ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo. Ngezindlela eziningi igunya lwamakhosi elibusayo nomthelela iconsi empini kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia. Ezinye zazo wakwazi ukunqoba isimo, kwabanye - kwadingeka wahlulwa. Nokho, iningi labo ke wahlupheka eside okungabantu kanye nempahla ukulahlekelwa.

Impi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia: Ingemuva

Ekhulwini kubhekwe besihambisana nesiminyaminya eziningi usongo futhi ukungqubuzana emhlabeni. Okukhulu kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi kade ubudlelwano of the Empire, Russian naseTurkey. isimo ngasinye uye wafuna ukwandisa ezweni nasolwandle yayo imingcele. Phakathi kwaleli khulu leminyaka, Russia uye wakwazi ukuba abe omunye wabaholi enkundleni ngamazwe. uthi European zithinta imbulunga eduze iqaphe ukuphakama kwayo.

Izimbangela zokungezwani

Ukucutshungulwa ezimpini ekhulwini le-19 e-Russia kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba baqonde inqubomgomo angaphandle kwesikhathi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izwe wakwazi ukuthatha ingxenye ezihlukahlukene izingxabano ngamazwe. Ungakhetha 15 izimpi zangekhulu leminyaka le-19 e-Russia. Ngokubona kwakho kulaba abathathu yena wahlulwa. Lena yimphi ye-esiThathu naweSine Coalition. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1805, kwesibili - e 1806-1807-m. ukunqotshwa Okwesithathu - lena neMpi YaseCrimea. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusuka 1853 kuya 1856. Esikhathini impi phakathi kwamaNgisi namaRashiya, kwakukhona draw. Ngakho, ekhulwini le-19 iye yaba impumelelo ngempela-Russia.

Incazelo emfushane azifezile

Phakathi nale nkathi, amandla ethu iwine ezimpini 11. Phakathi kwabo:

• Russian-Persian impi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusukela ngo-1804 kuya ku-1813. Inhloso Its main ukuqinisa yokuma Empire Russian eCaucasus. Phakathi nempi, kwakukhona ngxabano eyayizothatha isikhathi eside phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili eNorthern Azerbaijan. Yaphela ukusayinwa Gulistan Treaty.
• Russian-Turkish impi ka 1806-1812. Lizokwakhiwa enikelwe esigabeni ezifanele.
• Russian-Swedish impi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka emibili - kusukela 1808 kuya 1809-th. Wayenolwazi futhi yilokho esigxila kukho lapho omunye izigaba ezilandelayo kwalesi sihloko.
• Impi Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Coalition. Kwathi 1809.
• Impi Patriotic ka 1812. Ngenxa yalokho yebutho sikaNapoleon wacishe ubhujiswe. Kwaba ngenkathi wayewukuphela Battle odumile Borodino.
• War of the Sixth Coalition. Yenzeka ezulwini eminyakeni 1813-1814.
• Russian-Persian impi. Ubethula elihlobene ne isidingo ukuxosha ubudlova cuphuluza eBrithani. Turkmenchay yaphela lapho kusayinwa umthetho-isivumelwano sokuthula.
• Russian-Turkish impi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusuka 1828 kuya 1829. Russia uye wafuna aqinise isikhundla bakule ndawo Balkan futhi ukusungula ukulawula Bosporus futhi iDardanelles.
• kokubhikisha kwango-Polish ngo-1830. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi impi yombango eRussia kwekhulu le-19. Ngenxa yalokho, uMbuso Poland kwathiwa ingxenye yeRussia. I kazwelonke zomzabalazo wenkululeko ilungelo-yasebhange ye-Ukraine sasibizwa ukuyiveza.
• kokubhikisha kwango-Polish e-1863. Izikhulu akazange aneliseke inqubo eyasungulwa Empire Russian emazweni yangaphambili Commonwealth. Ukuvukela sigameko kuphinde olwembiza. Inqubomgomo ye-Empire Russian baba nakakhulu anti-Polish. Mayelana abavukeli babebulawa isicelo isijeziso ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu.
• Russian-Turkish impi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusuka 1877 kuya 1878. Russia, ufisa ukubuyisela usithonye eTurkey. Yaphela ngokukhululwa ukusayinwa Saint Stefano ukuthula. Wayelethwa kamuva wakhuzwa Berlin Congress hhayi umusa yeRussia, nakuba yokugcina iwine enkundleni kule mpi.

iminyaka 1806-1812

Injongo eyinhloko yawo impi yokuqala Russian-Turkish - ukuqinisa isikhundla salo eCaucasus and emazweni aseBalkan. Isizathu sokuba kwaba ukuhlukumeza kwezivumelwano uMbuso WaseTurkey ku ukunyakaza kukahulumeni ngo Wallachia naseMoldavia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona usongo ayehlasela ibutho sikaNapoleon. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba iqiniso lokuthi iRussia ukuxazulula inkinga amazwe eningizimu kwadingeka ukuba kube fast. Ngo 1806, iRussia yathatha nezinqaba eziningana Turkish ngaphandle kokulwa abehlula imikhumbi. Ngo 1809 umzamo wokuqala kwenziwa ukungena ezweni. Nokho, izimo ezingaqinisekile kwakungafanele le esilindele ka-Aleksandru I. Ngakho, impi yaqhubeka. Kutuzov wakwazi ukunqoba ke. Kuphelile impi Russian-Turkish ka 1806-1812 ukusayinwa Bucharest ukuthula isivumelwano ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Nokho, sathatha isikhathi esifushane.

Kakade 1828 ePort Omkhulu wamemezela ukuthi ayisekho kuncike Russia. Futhi yena wagcizelela ukuthi iyakwenqabela yokugcina ukungena Bosporus. Njengoba ibutho Russian ngesikhathi abekade eBessarabia, imisebenzini yezempi kuqala lapho futhi waqala. Nalapha iwine Russian. Kodwa lokho akuzange kubavimbe yoMbuso WaseTurkey kusukela izingxabano entsha nabo.

Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809

Ngamunye amaqembu wafuna ukulawula ematheni Finland kanye Gulf of Bothnia. Lona lokugcina izimpi Russian-Swedish. It sasekelwa amazwe Russian ezifana France naseDenmark. Wahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi amasonto amathathu. ISivumelwano Hamina usevikele Empire Russian kanye edlulela emasimini amasha. It lalinabafundi Grand Duchy of Finland.