Anyamalalayo Lake Urmia e-Iran

Februwari 10, 2016 lidlule umyalezo wokuthi unyamalale Bolivia usawoti echibini Poopó, okuyinto matasa kanye indawo 3000 amakhilomitha square. Uqinisile ngomzimba ofanayo anosawoti izungezwe yamanzi, izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, Iran. Lake Urmia at kwehle ngobukhulu by 70%, kanye idatha yakamuva kuwo wonke u-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-1984.

Kanye omkhulu usawoti echibini

Esisogwini enyakatho ntshonalanga Iran Urmia kuyinto echibini elikhulu kunawo wonke Eseduze futhi Middle East. Ukuze uhlale - kuba iyunithi zokuphatha kanye indawo ye-Iran. Phakathi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Azerbaijan kuyinto Lake Urmia. Ekuqaleni, umzimba yamanzi matasa indawo 6.000 square metres. km. Leli chibi unamagama amaningana. Adume sokuma Arab Istarkhi (mayelana 850-934) esiqokiwe ke ngoba kuthiwa bayizihlubuki Lake (Buhayrat al-Surat), ukuqoqwa imibhalo engcwele "Avesta", kwenzeka ngaphansi kwegama Chechasht, elihunyushwe ngokuthi futhi "ngobuhle elimhlophe" nangokuthi "echibini okujulile ngamanzi anosawoti. " Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, yayibizwa ngokuthi Salt Lake nokuningi Kabunat, Shahi, Tala, Rezaye.

ezinye nemingcele

Altitude, okuyinto Lake Urmia kuyinto 1275 amamitha. Wawunodonga i ijamo side futhi udonse ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu at ibanga 140 km, ububanzi zazisuka km 40 kuya 55. Kodwa elaliphambi, kodwa manje leli chibi futhi esengozini yokuqothulwa. Esikhathini ukufinyelela ezibanzi izithombe ukuqhathanisa kumasathelayithi, ukubonisa ukuthi amanzi shoaling kwesigubhu kusuka 1984 kuya ku-2014. Futhi ezinsukwini ubudala Wafinyelela 16 amamitha ukujula esiphezulu. Lake Urmia is azenziwanga amadamu amancane yemvelo: isilinganiso kakhulu leyo minyaka engu 5 amamitha. A ngasogangeni kulo zonke ogeleza amanzi kunoma yimuphi umzimba ethile yamanzi libizwa endaweni okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphambili Urmia Lake ongumlando kwaba insimu ka ezingafinyelela amakhilomitha square abayizinkulungwane 50. Bese ekugcineni lonke ichibi agcwaliswa ebusika futhi entwasahlobo izinyanga ngenxa kwezulu. I nemingenela ngobukhulu abhekwa eningizimu Jagat futhi Tatavu, enyakatho-mpumalanga - Aji Chai. nosawoti Basic, okuyinto ecebile ku ichibi, sodium ne-chlorine, nama-sulfate (nosawoti of sulfuric acid).

iziqhingi

Ekuqaleni, echibini kwaba iziqhingi 102, eziningi zazo okwakungeze ngezizathu ubusika izinyoni ezifudukayo. Abanye babo ezembethe amahlathi ephistakhiyo. Ezansi sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye echibini kwakukhona cluster leziqhingi ezincane ezingaba ngu-50. On echibini lapho zihlala iziqhingi, ezifana Islami, phezu Isiqongo esiphakeme okuyinto Isigodlo Hulagu Khan (ethuneni amaMongol khans). Ngu ephilayo futhi Kabudan futhi Espirit, Ashk futhi Arezoo, okuyinto ezifuywa inyamazane Iranian ophuzi. Lesi siqhingi idume Cajun-D yayo emhlabeni flora ezingavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho,, ngaphezu izimbuzi, izingwe baphile.

Biota

Uma leli chibi owakhiwe iziqhingi, kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Ichibi kuyinto imikhumbi unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke akuveli iqhwa. Ugu embozwe usawoti emaxhaphozini, nje at imilomo thutheleka fula ku emaxhaphozini kukhona amahlozi mhlanga ezivamile futhi Sitnik (a uhlobo lwe ezinkulu zezimbali).

Lake Urmia (izithombe kungabonwa esihlokweni) libhekisela Rose Lake umhlaba. Ngo umbala enjalo ukudaya usawoti amachibi koloni Rachkov Artemy, okuyinto hypersaline Urmia kakhulu. Okokuqala shallowing emakamu usawoti emanzini echibini sasibucayi ku 350 amagremu per 1 litre amanzi, kuyilapho sivamile Urmiya njalo kubhekwe 180 amagremu. Kulesi emanzini, yebo, khona izinhlanzi. Fauna imelelwa Flamingo, Umkhomo futhi shelduck, okuyinto isidleke kuleli chibi.

City ezihlobene echibini

Ngenxa yokuvelela Urmia, esiqiwini yasungulwa ngo 1967, eyayihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yokukhulekela kule ndawo. UNESCO ngenxa yesimiso semvelo okungavamile neyaziwayo isitoreji kwesigubhu uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ngaso onqenqemeni kwamanzi, phezu usawoti marsh nemizana khona. Ziyakwazi iseduze. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-west coast idolobha inegama elifanayo, okuyinto sokuqondisa uhlala West Azerbaijan. Inhloko-dolobha yaseMpumalanga Azerbaijan, idolobha lesithathu ngobukhulu Iran kusukela iminyaka 4000 yomlando futhi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nengxenye - Tabriz. Lawa nemizana ngobukhulu endaweni echibini, zaboshwa ngasemgwaqweni omkhulu, eyakhelwe edamini esasihlukanisa echibini zibe izingxenye ezimbili.

Ubangela shallowing

Kuzo zonke izindawo ezizungezile kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-14 million. Abantu, okudinga semali amanzi. Lesi esinye sezizathu shoaling ka Urmia. Eyakhelwe 2008, idamu, yokuxhuma eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Azerbaijan, ayilithuthukisanga emvelweni echibini, kanye edamini dam emfuleni ogeleza. I samanje echibini Urmia ukujula kwezinye izindawo ngempela kuyinto engasho lutho. Uthuthukisa shallowing nesomiso, okwaqala ngo-1998.

embundwini inhlekelele

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, esimweni ukunyamalala sokugcina echibini, kunalokho iyoba lapha ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 bhiliyoni. Amathani usawoti futhi abekho abahlali, njengoba ziyophoqeleka ukuba bashiye amazwe enkaba yabo. I-alamu ephakanyiswe ososayensi emhlabeni wonke baye bafakazela ukuthi esimweni yokungenzi kakade 2018 esizeni ichibi emaxhaphozini, kwezwakala. Nakuba ngo-2011 i-izishoshovu alwela ukulondoloza echibini, waboshwa. Kungani? Ngoba amanzi adonswa kulomzimba yamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze nginisele emasimini. Ngakho, uhulumeni wakhetha esingconywana.

Izinhlelo ukulondoloza

Umsebenzi ku insindiso kwesigubhu kwaqala ngo 2012 lapho imvume Armenia ibilokhu etholwe ku ukudluliswa amanzi Urmia ingxenye ye-republic. Ukuze Echibini Iranian alukapheli ngokuphelele, ukukhumbula isiphetho esidabukisayo ne-Aral Sea, ososayensi bamazwe amaningana aye isu ukulondoloza echibini. Kukhona izinhlelo eziningana, futhi iningi labo namanje ihlose ukunciphisa ukuhoxa amanzi kusukela emachibini nasemifuleni yiso ngezinhloso zezolimo. Kodwa muva nje, amathemba enkulu yoLwandle iCaspian. Uma iphrojekthi, umsebenzi academicians nochwepheshe 500 ezivela emazweni angu-50 e wonke amazwekazi (abenza imisebenzi banolwa ezanele yazuza ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuselelwa Aral Sea), yakhelwe kahle futhi luzoqala, ukubuyiselwa egcwele umthamo wamanzi e echibini okungalindelwa yibo 2023.

echibini Izintandokazi

Abantu bendawo kakhulu othanda echibini yakho. Okokuqala, amanzi obukhulu, efudumele futhi ukuphulukiswa - limnandi ukubhukuda kulo. Okwesibili, abahlukile wathatha ifomu engavamile iziqhingi elincane usawoti (Fist of Osman), ogwini Ukusabalala endaweni eyinqaba kakhulu ngenxa usawoti, bahlakaze imisebe yelanga. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, indawo enhle kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele ezizungezile Lake Urmia. Incazelo nge isithombe, ngenhla, ngokucacile lokhu ubuhle enemikhuba ethulile. Ogwini, ungathola ezihlukahlukene zinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nomumo - imikhaya abantu beze ukungcebeleka ugu loLwandle eyintandokazi kwesigubhu.

Indlelanchubo sina

Yiqiniso, Urmia Lake sibonakala sethusa kakhulu: ngibe ngimi maphakathi esogwadule ezimhlophe nosawoti konakalisa ubani ukuqalisa ezingadingekile, izindlu ishiywe ngesikhathi esisodwa ogwini wangaphambili lapha, izihlahla wabuna. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi emhlabeni abasebenza ukuvimbela omunye Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo bese ubuyela ukuthula nobuhle. Uhulumeni Iranian, kanye-UN Development Programme uhlose ukutshala ovukweni echibini 1.3 bln. Dollars. Imali izodluliselwa hhayi kuphela ekudluliselweni amanzi evela kweminye imithombo (isib, eMfuleni Araz), kodwa futhi ukuba ngcono ukusetshenziswa uketshezi ethathwe amachibi ngezinhloso zezolimo. Iphakheji liqukethe imisho 25 lapho bonke ababethi imininingwane okukhulu.

Bright ekukhunjulwa Iran

Mangisho ukuthi ngisho namanje, lapho ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke Iranian isesimweni esingesihle olunjalo, kunezinto eziningi izinto ezidinga ukunakwa. Ingabe Lake Urmia eduze iNtaba i-Ararati, eningizimu zezinkangala zase-Armenia. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela it kanje. Tabriz, kukhona isikhumulo sezindiza, Urmia namanye amadolobha Iran wajoyina umgwaqo ovulekile emangalisayo. Kula madolobha amabili ngqo echibini engafinyelelwa ngebhasi noma ukuthatha itekisi.